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PubMed1984

Sweet preference and dental caries among Bedouin youth in Israel.

Sweet preference and caries prevalence were studied in Bedouin adolescents from two different communities. Twelve-year-old schoolchildren were surveyed in a rural village (30 examinees) and in a more urbanized settlement (30 examinees). Sweet preference was assessed using a free-choice method, while caries was measured by the DMFT index. Results revealed that the "urbanized" examinees preferred higher sugar concentrations and demonstrated higher DMFT scores than their "rural" counterparts. These differences between the two populations were statistically significant. Data were analyzed for correlation between caries prevalence and sweet preference. When each community was analyzed separately, a statistically significant correlation coefficient (Kendall's tau) was found in "rural" but not in "urbanized" children. In pooled data from both communities the correlation was found to be significant, controlling for the effect of the stratifying (community) variable.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of dental caries in an adult population with mental disabilities in Spain.

The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of dental caries and the possible influence of extraoral factors in a group of adults with a mild to moderate degree of developmental delay. A total of 166 subjects ranging in age from 20 to 40 years were examined. All subjects were institutionalized, and 70.4% (n = 117) participated in a preventive program designed by the educators of the center. This consisted of weekly fluoride mouthrinses (0.2%) and control of dental plaque by toothbrushing with a fluoride toothpaste. The mean DMFT index for the whole sample was 5.97. Subjects in the oldest age group had the highest DMFT index and the lowest filled component. There were no significant differences in the DMFT index and its components between the subjects who received a weekly fluoride mouthrinse (n = 117) and those who did not (n = 49). Comparison of subjects who had cerebral palsy, Down Syndrome, and idiopathic developmental delay (n = 157) found a significantly lower DMFT index (p < 0.05) in the persons with Down Syndrome compared with the other special-needs groups. Other factors which could influence the results-such as fluoride use, oral hygiene, and administration of benzodiazepines-were also analyzed. An analysis of the results revealed a moderately high prevalence of caries in the whole sample that was lower than that in a national survey. This could be attributed to strict dietary control of sugar in the study population.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: dental health of children in maintenance therapy.

The dental health of 41 children aged 4-16 years who were in maintenance therapy from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was examined in relation to the period of time in maintenance. There was no significant difference in dental experience and salivary flow rate between the control group and patients with leukemia. Performed treatment index (PTI) and required treatment index (RTI) scores reflected that children, who were in maintenance therapy had insufficient dental care and needed more dental treatments. A statistically significant difference in salivary pH was found between the children, who were in maintenance therapy for 12-24 months and less than 12 months and also the control group; but the pH scores of all groups were observed in normal limits.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Oral health status of children and adults in urban and rural areas of Burkina Faso, Africa.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the oral health status of children and adults in rural and urban areas of Burkina Faso; to provide epidemiological data for planning and evaluation of oral health care programmes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey including different ethnic and socio-economic groups. SAMPLE AND METHODS: Multistage cluster sampling of households in urban areas and random samples of participants selected based on the recent population census in rural areas. The final study population covered four age groups: 6 years (n = 424), 12 years (n = 505), 18 years (n = 492) and 35-44 years (n = 493). Clinical oral health data collected according to WHO methodology and criteria. RESULTS: At age 6, 38% of children had caries, with prevalence higher in urban than rural areas. At age 12, the mean DMFT was 0.7 with prevalence significantly higher among urban than rural children. Mean DMFT was 1.9 in 18-year-olds and 6.3 in 35-44-year-olds and figures were higher for women than men. In adults, no differences in caries experience were found by location whereas the caries index was significantly affected by ethnic group and occupation. CPI score 2 (gingivitis and calculus) was dominant for all ages: 6 years (58%), 12 years (57%), 18 years (58%), 35-44 years (49%). In addition, 10% of 35-44-year-olds had CPI score 4. Rural participants had more severe periodontal scores than did urban individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Health authorities should strengthen the implementation of community-based oral disease prevention and health promotion programmes rather than traditional curative care.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

[Oral health in adults and the elderly in Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil].

The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of dental caries, edentulism, and use of and need for complete dental prostheses in adults and the elderly in Rio Claro, São Paulo State, Brazil. The total sample included 202 subjects, 101 elderly (64 to 75 year-olds) and 101 adults (35 to 44 year-olds), who were examined by four examiners according to who criteria. Edentulism was 74.25% in the elderly and 8.91% in adults, and present teeth rates were 3.19 and 22.10, respectively. In the elderly and adults, DMFT was 31.09 and 22.86, respectively. MT was the major component of the DMFT index in the elderly group (92.64%), as compared to FT in the adult group (57%), followed by MT (40.54%). complete upper and lower dental prostheses were needed by only 1% of the adults; however, 48.5% of the elderly required complete upper prostheses and 45.5% complete lower prostheses. the data suggest that preventive and educational programs are needed for both the elderly group and adults in order for adults to enjoy good oral health when they reach old age.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Prevention of caries with lactobacillus (final results of a clinical trial on dental caries with killed lactobacillus [streptococcus and lactobacillus] given orally)].

Caries prevention with lactic bacteria. (Final results of a dental caries clinical trial using heat killed lactic bacteria [streptococci and lactobacilli] orally.) The results of a dental caries clinical trial in 245 seven-year-old children are reported. Chewable tablets of two different types were prepared: A) Containing pyridoxine (Vit. B6) and heat killed lactic bacteria. B) Placebo tablets with pyridoxine only. They were randomly given once a week for 16 weeks to experimental and control groups respectively. Four evaluation surveys were conducted during 24 months of follow up, using the "Decay, Missing, Filled, Surfaces" index (DMFS) for the clinical evaluation of the permanent teeth. A consistent reduction in the incidence of dental caries in the experimental group was observed in all 4 surveys. After 2 years of follow up a 42% reduction in the incidence rate of dental caries was observed in the experimental group compared to the control group. Summary tables and discussion of the clinical evaluation surveys are given. The potential use of these clinical findings as support for a future dental caries vaccine evaluation project is proposed.

Bacterial Vaccines↗

PubMed1976

A study of 8 years' domestic salt fluoridation for prevention of caries.

The author reports on an 8-year study with 250 mg F/kg domestic salt fluoridation. During this period the dmft index in the 2-6 years age range decreased by 41%, the DMFT index in the 7-11 year age range decreased by 58%, and in the 12-14 year age range decreased by 36%. The proportion of cariesfree children also improved significantly, from 23% to 60%, from 4.8% to 41%, and from 2.7% to 8.4%, respectively. Urinary fluoride tests performed showed that with the concentration used, enough fluoride could not be ingested to reduce caries to the level anticipated with water fluoridation, but even so the caries reduction was significant. Experiments are now continuing with 200 mg F/kg and 350 mg F/kg domestic salt mixtures.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Oral conditions and their social impact among HIV dental patients.

This study aimed to assess oral health status and the social impact of oral conditions among dental patients with HIV infection in comparison with general dental patients receiving public-funded care in Adelaide, South Australia. DMFT and CPITN indices were recorded by one dentist at a clinic for HIV dental patients. The data were compared with information from an existing survey of general dental patients. Social impact was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire and responses from HIV dental patients were compared with responses from a telephone interview survey of Adelaide residents. HIV patients were aged 21 to 49 years (median = 34), 90.7 percent were male and 29.6 percent had stage 4 HIV infection. Oral candida was present among 32.0 percent, hairy leukoplakia among 24.1 percent, HIV gingivitis among 18.5 percent, and HIV periodontitis among 33.3 percent. The DMFT index and its components did not differ significantly between HIV and general dental patients, while CPITN scores were lower among HIV patients (p = 0.01). However social impact among HIV patients was frequent: 64.6 percent reported toothache, 43.7 percent avoided foods, and 16.7 percent avoided going out because of dental problems. HIV patients reported significantly greater levels of social impact than the Adelaide sample (p < 0.01). Patients to this clinic frequently presented with severe and disabling oral conditions which were not adequately captured using standard clinical indices.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Factors predisposing to early childhood caries (ECC) in children of pre-school age in the city of Zagreb, Croatia.

The aim of this study was to investigate factors predisposing to early childhood caries (ECC) in pre-school children in the city of Zagreb, Croatia. The investigation was carried out on the sample of 145 children (77 boys and 68 girls) aged between 2 and 5 years, including clinical examination of dental status and survey on the habits among the parents. The overall prevalence of ECC was 30%: in girls it was 25%, and in boys 48%. The study on the risk factors was designed as a classic case-control study. The mean value of dmfs index among the cases amounted to 8.6, in comparison to 5.2 in the control group (p<0.05). Bottle-feeding did not represent a significant risk, but night consumption of sweet beverages after first 24 months and the lack of introduction of teeth-brushing habit after first 24 months did (p < 0.001 for both predictors). The study revealed the importance of early introduction of teeth-brushing and giving up the nightly consumption of sweet beverages in prevention of ECC.

Beverages↗

PubMed1990

[Results of the caries prevention program in Gödöllö. II. Periodontal studies].

For measuring the mouth hygiene the OHI-S index and for judging the gingivitis the PMA index were used in the screening tests of 1982 and 1986/87. As the result of the education for intensive mouth hygiene the OHI-S value diminished from 1.38 to 0.51 at the age of 3 years and from 1.17 to 0.44 at the age of 6 years. The gingivitis reduction was 30% at the age of 3 years while at the age of 6 years it was but 10%. The more grave gingivitis (PMA 2-3) disappeared. All that may exemplify that the mouth hygiene programmes introduced at the Kindergarten age are promising.

Child↗

PubMed1989

Comparison of the dental health status of 8 to 14-year-old children in France and in Jordan, a country of endemic fluorosis.

In the present paper, data obtained from a survey dealing with dental carie, dental fluorosis and gingival health, involving 2618 Jordanian schoolchildren, aged 8 to 14, were compared with data from another survey dealing with 1058 schoolchildren of the same age groups living in a non-fluoridated area in the west of France. As regards dental carie in temporary teeth, up to the age of 12, the dft and dfs scores were higher in France than in Jordan. Over the age of 12, the difference was no longer significant. As regards dental carie in permanent teeth, the data showing that Jordanian children are less subject to caries than the French were very highly significant. Also, it was shown that caries index in girls was higher than in boys. These data were not significant in the French survey, but highly significant in the Jordanian investigation. A possible explanation is that, due to the custom of the country, boys in Jordan drink much more tea (with high fluoride content) than girls. As regards gingival health, an interesting finding was that, compared to the French children, the percentage of Jordanian children presenting gingivitis is remarkably low. The fluoride content of the dental plaque might play a restricting and preventing role.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The social hygiene aspects of oral morbidity in multiparous women].

Epidemiologic and sociohygienic studies carried out among nulliparous, biparous, and multiparous women living in the urban and rural territories of Turkmenistan, have demonstrated a high incidence of caries and periodontitis among multiparous women. The CDL index at the age of 25-29 was 4.46 teeth in nulliparous women, 7.62 teeth in biparous women, and 9.02 in multiparous women. At the age of 45-49 this index was 8.96 carious teeth in biparous women and 12.03 teeth in multiparous women. Only 7-8% of teeth were filled in all the examinees, 42% of the teeth were carious, and 50% of the teeth were removed. Similar data were obtained in analysis of the incidence of periodontitis. Every nulliparous woman aged 25-29 had 0.20 sextant with a pathologic dentogingival pouch, biparous women had 0.41 and multiparous women 0.89 sextant. The course of the pathologic process grew in severity with age, particularly so in multiparous women as against biparous ones.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis in a population of Mexican schoolchildren.

The prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis was assessed in schoolchildren of the Tlalpan region in Mexico City. A total of 700 children (age range: 11-17 yr) of both sexes were examined. The sample population included children attending the Middle-School System, where two shifts are run (A.M. and P.M.). Decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS), and Gingival Index (GI) were recorded for all existing teeth. Analysis of the data showed that mean DMFS scores increased with chronological age in both genders, were higher in the P.M. session, and more elevated in females. Similarly the mean GI scores also increased with age, and were higher in the P.M. session. In contrast to the DMFS scores, males presented higher GI scores than females at all age intervals. The results of our study indicated a distinctively high prevalence of caries and gingivitis in Mexican schoolchildren.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

DMFT and treatment needs in adult population of Oviedo, Spain.

An epidemiological survey was carried out in 1992 researching dental caries and treatment needs in an adult population in Oviedo, Spain. A representative sample of 261 subjects, randomly obtained and stratified by age, was examined. Results show a dental decay prevalence of 99.6%; 12.5 DMFT index with 2.9, 7.5 and 2.1 mean values for D, M and F components. Women and the lower social class showed the highest DMFT index. Treatment needs reach a mean value of 12.1 teeth per person. Pontics are the most needed treatment, the mean value increases with age while the differences among age groups and social classes are statistically significant. The next most needed dental treatment is filling of one surface which decreases with age, is the same for men and women and higher among the middle social class; the differences are statistically significant among the social classes.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Lack of association between periodontal parameters and preeclampsia.

BACKGROUND: It was hypothesized that periodontal diseases may increase the risk of preeclampsia. To test this hypothesis, this study was conducted to determine the association between periodontal parameters and preeclampsia among women in the north of Jordan. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted among women who gave birth at Princes Badea Teaching Hospital between September 2004 and May 2005. A total of 115 preeclamptic women and 230 randomly selected controls were analyzed. The number of teeth, restorations, decayed tooth surfaces, and clinical periodontal parameters were determined within 24 hours after delivery. Information regarding participants' demographics, antenatal history, and family history were collected through personal interviews. RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounding factors, there were no statistical differences between preeclamptic cases and normotensive controls with regard to mean periodontal probing depth, mean clinical attachment loss, mean gingival recession, mean plaque index, and mean gingival index. In addition, there were no significant differences in the percentages of sites with periodontal probing depth >/=3 or >/=4 mm, percentages of sites with clinical attachment loss >/=3 mm, number of filled surfaces, and number of missing teeth. Only the number of decayed surfaces was found to be associated with increased odds of preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio of 1.13; 95% confidence interval of 1.02 and 1.25). CONCLUSION: This study did not support the hypothesis of an association between periodontal parameters and preeclampsia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Caries prevalence in 6-, 11- and 14-year-old children in the Cyclades Islands, Greece.

Following the World Health Organization criteria, a total of 1,604 out of 3,225 children aged 6, 11 and 14 years living on the 20 islands of the Cyclades complex were examined. Recordings showed that in the 6-year-old children, the mean dmft index was 2.21 (SD=3.00) with 46% caries free. In the 11-year-old children, the DMFT averaged 1.39 (SD=1.78) with 46% caries free. In the 14-year-old children, the mean DMFT was 2.62 (SD=2.83) with 32% caries free. Statistically significant differences were found in the DMFT of the 11- and 14-year-old subjects living in naturally water fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas. According to these data, it appears that the first two WHO targets for the year 2000 are almost fulfilled.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Estimation and comparison of significant caries index and the pattern of sugar consumption among 12-year-old school going children of two different socioeconomic strata.

The purpose of this study was to estimate and compare the Significant Caries Index (SiC), the pattern of sugar consumption, and to know the oral hygiene practices in a sample of 200, 12-year-old school going children of two different social classes residing in both urban and rural areas. The subjects were divided into two social classes based on the per capita monthly income. Twenty-four hour dietary records of five consecutive days were obtained from each subject. The results showed that all the subjects brushed daily. More number of children belonging to social class I and urban area brushed twice a day. While there were no significant differences in DMFT among the study groups, SiC index was higher in males, subjects of social class I, and urban residents. Sweet score, Total sugar exposure and Between-meal sugar exposure were more in males, subjects of social class I, and urban residents, whereas At-meal sugar exposure was more in females, subjects of social class II, and rural residents. From a preventive point of view, males, subjects of higher socioeconomic background, and urban residents seem to be the most important target groups for dental health communication programs focusing on the frequency of sugar consumption and dietary counselling.

Child↗

PubMed1994

Gingival and dental status, salivary acidogenic bacteria, and yeast counts of patients with active or inactive Crohn's disease.

To investigate dental, gingival, and salivary aspects during an exacerbation of Crohn's disease, 53 patients with long-standing Crohn's disease were clinically, endoscopically, and radiologically examined. The patients were divided in two groups: 32 patients had active disease and 21 patients had inactive disease. Oral examination of the patients did not reveal any statistically significant differences in gingival or dental indexes between the groups, but patients with active disease tended to have higher scores of gingivitis than patients with inactive disease despite the fact that the patients with active disease were younger than those in remission. No differences between the groups were observed in salivary flow rate or buffering capacity. Lactobacilli and yeast counts of saliva tended to be higher among patients with active disease than with inactive disease, but the difference between the groups was significant only for high mutans streptococci counts.

Adult↗