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PubMed2005

Allergy to mammal's meat in adult life: immunologic and follow-up study.

UNLABELLED: Allergy to bovine meat and Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is exceptional, especially in the adult life. BSA is considered a minor allergen in cow's milk allergy, but there is little information about this antigen in reactions produced by other beef products as meat. To our knowledge, evolutive studies of beef's allergic patients have not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To present one patient with several allergic reactions (urticaria-angioedema) after eating different mammals' meat. METHODS: The patient underwent allergy testing through skin prick test (SPT), specific IgE detection and SDS-PAGE Immunoblotting and Immunodot inhibition studies. Periodic determinations of specific IgE to meats and epithelia were performed. RESULTS: Routine studies for chronic urticaria were normal or negative. SPT showed positive responses to pork, cow, rabbit and lamb meat, and dog, pork, sheep and cow epithelia. It was negative to cat, horse, guinea pig, rabbit, lamb, mouse epithelia, mixture of feathers, cow milk, soybean, mustard, mites and chicken meat and Anisakis simplex. Intradermal testing to BSA was positive. Determinations of specific IgE were positive to beef meat, lamb meat, pork meat and rabbit meat, dog, cat, cow, sheep and pork dander, cow's milk, and negative to chicken meat. Immunoblot and immunodot studies showed IgE recognition bands to bovine and lamb meat which were totally inhibited by BSA. A progressive reduction of the total and specific IgE, the latter until its total negativization, has been observed in the following three-year period. CONCLUSION: We report a case of IgE-mediated urticaria-angioedema due to BSA hypersensitivity, possibly induced by a subclinical sensitivity to dog and cat epithelium. The exclusion diet in patients allergic to these foods may be a progressive loss of clinical allergy.

Angioedema↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Can atopy patch tests with aeroallergens be an additional diagnostic criterion for atopic dermatitis?

UNLABELLED: The complex pathomechanisms underlying skin lesions in atopic dermatitis (AD) result in variations of the clinical picture and frequent diagnostic difficulties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of atopy patch tests (APT) for aeroallergens in the diagnosis of AD. The study involved 115 adult patients with AD and 98 healthy volunteers (the control group). APTs for cat dander allergens, birch pollen, a mixture of house dust mite species and a mixture of 5 grass pollen allergens were applied for both groups. Positive reaction to at least one test allergen was found in 53.9% patients compared to 6.2% in the control group (p<0.001). The most frequent hypersensitivity (45.2%) observed was to house dust mite allergens. Polyvalent allergy to 2-4 allergens was found in 56.5% patients. The specificity of tests exceeded 75%, whereas the sensitivity varied from 18 to 66%. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Atopy patch tests, which are characterised by considerable specificity, confirm the role of polyvalent contact hypersensitivity to aeroallergens in the development of atopic dermatitis. 2. Positive aeroallergen ATP results are observed in the majority of patients and can thus be regarded as an additional diagnostic criterion in atopic dermatitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Pets and atopic disorders in infancy.

This population-based prospective study assessed the relationship between pets and atopic disorders in infancy. One or more pets were found in 61.4% of households. Pets were found in homes with a family member affected by asthma or rhinitis as often as in homes with no allergy in the family. The presence of pets was not shown to affect the development of atopic manifestations in the first 12 months of life. Infants exposed to cats developed skin prick test sensitivity to cat dander significantly more often (p = 0.01) than those infants who had had no such exposure.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Laboratory animals allergy].

A quarter of employees in an animal care unit will develop allergic reaction to animal dander, urine or blood. Exposure time before start of symptoms ranges from a half to two years. Initially the subjects suffer from rhinitis and conjunctivitis, later one half will suffer from asthma too. The patient often react to several allergens from different animals. Prevention include safe handling of animals, using hand protection and masks. The animals will have to be placed away from the laboratory workers. Treatment of the allergic workers include symptomatic drugs, but there will still exist a risk of progression to asthma, and sensitization to other laboratory animals. Desensitization can be tried, but the results are until now rather unpredictable and good extracts are often not available.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Clinical characteristics of childhood asthma.

A prospective study was undertaken of 298 asthmatic children attending a paediatric allergy clinic in Bloemfontein. A detailed history was obtained, and skin tests were performed. Male predominance and an early age of onset were confirmed. Symptomatic allergic rhinitis was an extremely common finding. A family history of allergy was obtained in over 90% of cases. Respiratory tract infections, changes in the weather and exercise were found to be the most common asthma-inducing factors. Common allergens were grass pollen (63%) and animal danders. House-dust mite (25%) and dietary allergens (less than 20%) were relatively uncommon. The failure to recognise the symptoms of asthma in children, particularly young children, was identified as an ongoing problem.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Eosinophilia and respiratory function in the asthmatic (author's transl)].

Total eosinophil count (TEC) was done in 13 normal subjects, in 8 subjects before and 90 mn after a "French" breakfast and in 29 asthmatic patients. The geometric mean is higher (p less than 0,001) in asthmatic than in normal subjects: 304 (231--391) versus 144 (101--197). The breakfast does not interfer with the result of the TEC. In asthmatic subjects, a significant inverse correlation appears (r = 0,57, p less than 0,01) between the logarithm of TEC and the quotient: formula; see text. This correlation persists whatever may be the subject's age, the duration of the asthma or age at which he first contracted the illness. Asthma appeared after 40 years in 4 of the subjects: their TEC was higher (p less than 0,01) than in subjects who had become asthmatic before the age of forty. The respiratory function was lowered more in these 4 patients than in others who had been ill for the same time (p less than 0,001). The TEC is not related to results of skin testine with usuel inhalant allergens (grass pollen, house dust, cat's or dog's dander) or by result of a provocation test (by inhalation of allergen). Eosinophilia and bronchial obstruction are connected by one (or more) factors that may be inhalant allergens in extrinsec asthma and circulating immune complexes in intrinsec asthma.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Allergens of horse epithelium. I. Physicochemical and immunochemical characterization of five different horse epithelium raw materials used for allergen extract preparation.

We investigated five horse epithelial allergen extracts prepared from different qualities of raw material by several biochemical and immunochemical methods. Horse serum albumin and horse serum were used to identify serum-related antigens. We found high similarities as well as marked differences between the extracts. There were strong differences in the protein contents, the protein patterns obtained by isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the total allergenic activities obtained by radioallergosorbent test inhibition assays and the amounts and numbers of serum-related proteins. The patterns of dander-related allergens in crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis were similar but showed partly strong differences in allergen concentrations. Allergen compositions determined by blotting methods showed only minor differences between the investigated epithelial extracts. It appears that some of the differences, e.g. the content of serum-related proteins, depend on the way the different raw materials are prepared. Because serum-related extract components are not considered as major allergens, their content should be low in horse epithelial allergen extracts. For this reason whole skin cannot be recommended as starting material for horse epithelium allergen extract preparation.

Allergens↗

PubMed1990

[Sensitization to 10 important air-borne allergens in school children].

Sensitization patterns and frequencies for 10 important aeroallergens were tested in a cross-sectional study with 704 schoolchildren (7-16 years) using a standardized skin prick-test method and highly purified immunochemically characterized test-solutions. A ratio of allergen and histamine wheal diameter of 0.5 or more was classified as a positive skin test result. We found a positive skin prick-test to at least one of the aeroallergens in 242 (34.4%) of the children. Among these 39.6% showed monosensitization and 9.8% polysensitization to at least 6 allergens. The most common allergens were grasspollen (19.2%), birchpollen (14.8%), house-dust mite (13.4%), catdander (10.5%) and hazelpollen (9.7%). Monosensitized children reacted mainly to grasspollen and house-dust mite, whereas positive reactions to animal dander and moulds only occurred in polysensitized children more frequently. Reactivity of the tested allergens, measured by the wheal size, was strongest for grasspollen and house-dust mite and the weakest for cladosporium and alternaria. The high prevalence of sensitization to inhalant allergens is an important risk-factor for allergic disease in childhood.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Comparison of a new specific IgE assay Quidel allergy screen to skin prick test, intradermal test, and RAST].

Quidel Allergy Screen (QAS), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, has been developed for measuring IgE antibodies against 9 allergens (HD 1, HD 2, Mite 1, Mite 2, Japanese cedar, ragweed, cat dander, sweet vernal grass, and egg white) at the same time. To determine whether this assay is useful in screening allergen-specific IgE antibody, we compared the titers of IgE antibodies against the 9 allergens measured by QAS to the obtained in skin prick tests, in intradermal tests and by RAST in 93 atopic asthmatics and 25 normal subjects. We found a good agreement between the reactivity of skin prick tests and the reactivity of QAS. There was a significant correlation between the threshold doses of intradermal tests and the titers of QAS. We also found a good agreement between the reactivity of RAST and the reactivity of QAS, and a strong correlation between the titers of RAST and the titers of QAS. Thus, it is concluded that QAS is useful in screening IgE antibodies against multiple allergens simultaneously.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗

PubMed1989

[Atopic dermatitis--questions raised by environmental factors].

Atopic Dermatitis (A.D.) is a complex disease with a characteristic clinical appearance, a chronically relapsing course, and is usually seen in patients with a family history of atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis). Intrinsic and extrinsic factors may play a role in the mechanism beyond this disease. Intrinsic factors include immunological and pharmacological abnormalities. Extrinsic factors include: Bacterial agents and viruses, irritating substances. Inhalant allergens as mite house dust, animal danders, pollens, molds and food allergens are considered, now, to be the most sensitizing agents. Furthermore, social and psychosomatic events may activate the cutaneous symptoms. Allergen avoidance is recommended as well for inhalant allergens as for food allergens. Finally, relationship between parents and physician is essential for the improvement of the patient.

Allergens↗

PubMed1989

(Radio) rocket immunoelectrophoresis a useful screening method for house dust extracts.

House dust (HD) extracts prepared from HD collected in households from West Germany, USA, and Spain were investigated by (radio) rocket immunoelectrophoresis. By pouring agarose gels containing different antisera side by side in strips onto a glass plate, the antigen/allergen components of HD extracts could be detected simultaneously in one electrophoretic separation. In addition to mite and animal dander, antigens/allergens of pollens, mold and food (ovalbumin and cow serum) could be detected in most of the extracts.

Allergens↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of plantation on increased allergic rhinitis in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia.

In a study done between 1982-1986, 129 patients with allergic rhinitis were followed-up in the Outpatient Department of King Fahd University Hospital, Al-Khobar (Saudi Arabia). Eighty patients were males (62%), 49 patients were females (38%); 71% Saudis, and 29% non-Saudis. Routine laboratory investigations, IgE and skin test were performed. The commonest allergens were pollens, house dust and cat danders. We found that males were significantly more affected than females, particularly in the cases of ages between 20-30 years. Beside the known causes, other factors such as the increase of plantation and local customs are discussed.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1988

Monoclonal antibodies to the major feline allergen Fel d I. II. Single step affinity purification of Fel d I, N-terminal sequence analysis, and development of a sensitive two-site immunoassay to assess Fel d I exposure.

Two mAb were used to develop new techniques for the purification and quantitation of the major feline salivary allergen, Felis domesticus allergen I (Fel d I). The allergen was purified from aqueous house dust extract with a high Fel d I content by affinity chromatography over a monoclonal immunosorbent and elution with 4 mM HCl, pH 2.5. This single step procedure gave 40 to 50% recovery of 90% pure allergen which, following final purification by size exclusion HPLC, showed a single line on immunodiffusion and crossed immunoelectrophoresis against monospecific anti-Fel d I and polyclonal anti-cat dander antibodies. The m.w. of native Fel d I was 39,000 on size exclusion HPLC, and 17,000 under nonreducing conditions on gel electrophoresis. The N-terminal amino acid sequence (33 residues) showed no homology with other known protein sequences. The combination of the SDS-PAGE and N-terminal sequence data suggests that Fel d I is a non-covalently linked homodimer. A two-site RIA was developed using mAb directed against different epitopes on Fel d I. This assay was species-specific, highly sensitive (0.0004 U/ml), and showed an excellent correlation with a polyclonal inhibition RIA (n = 27, r = 0.93, p less than 0.001). Cat allergen extracts used for immediate skin tests showed marked differences in Fel d I content (from 0.1 to 30 U/ml). Consistently high Fel d I levels were found at monthly intervals in six dust samples from four houses with cats (10 to 100 U/g of dust). Comparisons of Fel d I and mite and pollen allergen levels showed that house dust can contain greater than 100 micrograms/g of either of these allergens and is a potent source of foreign environmental antigens. Monoclonal affinity chromatography provides a major breakthrough in the purification of Fel d I, from a source material that would otherwise have been considered impossible (house dust). The mAb assay for Fel d I is both more sensitive and more easily standardized than existing techniques. These techniques will allow full structural and antigenic analysis of Fel d I and more detailed studies on the relationship between cat antigen exposure and the development of asthma.

Allergens↗

PubMed1986

[Allergens of animal origin].

Dander's Allergy still is an actual problem. In urban population the incidence increase with proliferation of domestic Animals in Houses, when, in rural population, cows and horses sensibilization frequency decrease with present evolution of farming. The newness is represented by the amelioration of knowledge in last years of biochemical nature of Antigens and the identification of major allergens.

Allergens↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sex distribution and common allergens of bronchial asthma in a Saudi Arabian (eastern province) population.

In a study carried out between 1982-1986, 68 asthmatic patients of different ages were followed-up in the Outpatient Department of the King Fahd University Hospital, Al-Khobar. Fifty-two patients were Saudis (78%) while the rest were of other nationalities (22%). The sex distribution was 39 (55.9%) females and 30 males (44%). Routine and skin tests were performed; the IgE was in 70% elevated. The commonest allergens among these patients were house dust, cat danders and D. Pteronyssinus. Females were significantly more affected than males, particularly in the ages between 20-30 years. Among the multiple causes, the local ones such as customs are postulated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

[Non-specific triggering factors in 197 non-pollenogenic asthmatics with an unfavorable outcome].

One hundred and ninety seven, non-pollenic, asthmatic patients showing asthma or other respiratory allergic symptoms 5 years after the date of the diagnosis, were studied. Several non-specific trigger factors which could be the cause of the inadequate outcome were investigated. In 93 cases (47%) had respiratory infections previous to asthmatic crisis; in 66 (33%) had home or climatic changes; in 54 (27%) there was impairment subsequent to physical exercise and 13 (7%) had irritants factors at home. Other interesting epidemiological data were the male sex (69%) and the allergic familial antecedents (55%). Among the 197 patients 53 were secondarily sensibilized to pollen during the 5 years follow-up, 20 did it to foods and 14 to danders. Children sensibilized to foods and epithelia allergens had a similar behaviour to the general group. Patients secondarily sensibilized to pollen showed differences: Respiratory infections and physical exercise climatic changes were more frequent. They also had a more lasting natural lactation.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Detection of IgE specific for egg yolk by enzyme immunoassay. Description of a case].

Food allergy is a common disease in our country, especially affecting atopic children. Egg-white hypersensitivity is frequently found in these patients. However, egg-yolk hypersensitivity is not usually reported in patients with egg allergy. This article describes a young patient with egg-yolk hypersensitivity, a 12 year old female patient with a medical history of contact urticaria, angioedema and severe acute bronchospasm shortly after the intake of small amounts of egg-yolk. All these episodes required treatment in emergency care units because of the severity of the symptoms. The patient did not describe any other food hypersensitivity and remained symptom-free after the intake of boiled or fried egg-white. She had clinical symptoms of grass pollen hypersensitivity and was therefore on specific immunotherapy at the time of the study. The skin prick-tests were positive to grass pollen and egg-yolk and were negative to mites, moulds, animal dander and to the common food tested (milk, fish, peanut, almond and hazel-nut). Total serum IgE was 1.160 UL/ml. The patient had a positive RAST to egg-white (0.0 PRU/ml) as well as to egg-yolk (8.6 PRU/ml). Furthermore, an indirect enzyme immunoassay as well as a reverse enzyme immunoassay also revealed the presence of specific IgE antibodies. The reverse enzyme immunoassay uses microtiter plates as a solid surface. These plates are coated with a monospecific antihuman IgE antibody. Thereafter, the serum samples are incubated overnight in the wells. After several washings, the presence of specific antibodies is revealed by means of a peroxidase conjugated allergen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bronchial Spasm↗

PubMed1978

[Eosinophilia and respiratory function in the asthmatic subject (author's transl)].

Total eosinophil count (TEC) was done in 13 normal subjects, in 8 subjects before and 90 mn after a "French" breakfast and in 29 asthmatic patients. The geometric mean is higher (p less than 0,001) in asthmatic than in normal subjects : 304 (231-391) versus 144 (101-197). The breakfast does not interfer with the result of the TEC. In asthmatic subjects, a significant inverse correlation appears (r = 0,57, p less than 0,01) between the logarithm of TEC forced expiratory volume in one second and the quotient : vital capacity. This correlation persists whatever may be the subject's age, the duration of the asthma or age at which he first contracted the illness. Asthma appeared after 40 years in 4 of the subjects : their TEC was higher (p less than 0,01) than in subjects who had become asthmatic before the age of forty. The respiratory function was lowered more in these 4 patients than in others who had been ill for the same time (p less than 0,001). The TEC is not related to results of skin testing with usual inhalant allergens (grass pollen, house dust, cat's or dog's dander) or by result of a provocation test (by inhalation of allergen). Eosinophilia and bronchial obstruction are connected by one (or more) factors that may be inhalant allergens in extrinsec asthma and circulating immune complexes in intrinsec asthma.

Adult↗