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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Reconstruction of the external ear utilizing expanded scarred skin flap].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of ear reconstruction using local expanded scarred skin flap. METHOD: We used local postauricular expanded scar skin flaps to reconstruct external ear in 24 patients. RESULTS: Of these cases, 22 flaps survived completely. In 2 patients, the cartilage framework exposed over the upper pole of helix region because of undue tension in suturing the tissue edges. One year's follow-up revealed satisfactory results. CONCLUSION: Using the expanded scarred skin flap for ear reconstruction is practical and effective, when there's no normal skin available in the local area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Microtia: a new chronology for the total external ear reconstruction. A retrospective study of eight cases].

After 14 months of personal training with Professor Ichinose's team in Chiba (Japan), the author reports a new chronology of the total external ear reconstruction for microtia. This approach, proposed by Dr Yoshimoto, subtracts in time spent on creating the cartilaginous framework from the total general anesthesia time. The principles of this technique and its chronology are described. The results of eight patients operated according to this method between February 1994 and October 1999 are analyzed and compared to the 35 previous reconstructions performed by this team. The advantage of this chronology has been established: this method allows a considerable reduction of the general anesthesia time, a rationalization of the cost of these reconstructions, an increased comfort for the patients and an easier learning process for young plastic surgeons.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1995

Removal of superglue from the external ear using acetone: case report and literature review.

The ability of superglue preparations (cyanoacrylate) to bond instantly to skin as well as inanimate objects presents a special problem when instilled into the external ear canal. We present two cases of patients who had it successfully removed under the microscope with the help of acetone BP to debond it from the skin, without any damage to the meatus or the tympanic membrane. The third patient had the superglue removed without the help of acetone but sustained damage to the tympanic membrane. A literature review of similar cases is included.

Acetone↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of porous polyethylene for external ear reconstruction.

Autogenous rib cartilage and silicone rubber are materials currently used for ear reconstruction. Increased morbidity and operative time with rib cartilage grafts and a high rate of extrusion with silicone implants render them less than ideal for reconstruction of the human ear. The purpose of the current investigation is to determine the efficacy of porous polyethylene as an alternative synthetic material for ear reconstruction. Porous polyethylene and silicone rubber discs of equal sizes in two thicknesses were implanted in lieu of the cartilage in the external ear of eight baboons. Histological evaluation of the sites after nine weeks revealed excellent anchorage of the thin porous polyethylene implants (1.5 mm) in the surrounding tissues. Silicone rubber implants, however, were encapsulated in a thickened granulation tissue capsule. When thicker implants (3.0 mm) were used, exposure or extrusion occurred in all cases. Porous polyethylene implants demonstrated only partial exposure; half of the silicone rubber implants were extruded; and the other two silicone rubber implants were almost completely extruded. Porous polyethylene was thus better incorporated into the soft tissues than silicone rubber as long as the overlying soft tissues were not stressed by an oversized implant or inadequate soft tissue coverage.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Use of infrared thermometry and effect of otitis externa on external ear canal temperature in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To compare infrared thermometry with rectal thermometry as a method of assessing core body temperature in dogs and to assess the effect of otitis externa on external ear canal temperature (EECT). DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 650 dogs without history or clinical signs of otitis externa and 85 dogs with recurrent or chronic otitis externa. PROCEDURE: Rectal temperature was measured, using a mercury thermometer. External ear canal temperature was measured, using an infrared tympanic thermometer. RESULTS: Measurements of body temperature at the 2 sites did not agree. Sensitivity and specificity of infrared thermometry in detecting fever, as determined by rectal thermometry, were 69.7 and 84.6%, respectively. Use of methods to predict rectal temperature from EECT did not improve the accuracy of infrared thermometry. Otitis externa significantly influenced EECT. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Use of infrared thermometry as a replacement for rectal thermometry in assessing core body temperature in dogs was unsatisfactory. The 2 methods for measuring body temperature were not interchangeable in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Bacterial flora of the external ear canal. 1. Cancer patients].

The bacterial flora of the external ear canal was investigated in a group of 64 patients with head and neck cancer, to observe why otitis externa frequently occurs in cancer patients. Staphylococcus epidermidis (48.5%), Pseudomonas sp. (18.8%), and Flavobacterium sp. (16.8%) were the prominent isolates from ear samples, and Gram-negative organisms which rarely existed in normal canal, were found to be markedly increased (59.4%). Moreover, about half of all non-sterile ear canals were found to have more than one Gram-negative flora. We have concluded that cancer patients probably suffer from external otitis more frequently because of enhanced colonization by Gram-negative pathogens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The external ear, mandible and other components of hemifacial microsomia.

This report is based on an analysis of 100 patients with the unilateral form of HFM, in which the patients presented no other known craniofacial or extracranial malformations. The analysis was based on a three level gradation of severity of the external ear and the mandible, resulting in nine different combinations. This analysis of selected components of the syndrome clearly illustrates the phenotypic heterogeneity within the sample. It also follows that treatment should be guided by the number and severity of the affected components.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Tumours of the external ear and temporal bone.

Symptoms such as hearing impairment, tinnitus, or a disturbance in sense of balance can generally be attributed to non-neoplastic causes, such as otitis media, otosclerosis, or trauma. Less commonly, auricular signs and symptoms are the result of non-neoplastic and neoplastic space-occupying lesions. The external ear can be the site of development of squamous carcinomas and basal-cell carcinomas; the middle ear and inner ear can host metastatic deposits, and primary squamous carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Most auricular malignant diseases occur in adulthood; only the rhabdomyosarcomas of the middle ear arise in children. Most malignant diseases of the auricular apparatus are treated by a combination of surgery (commonly including radical excision of temporal bone), radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1996

A neuropsychiatric disorder associated with dense calcification of the external ears and distal muscle wasting: 'Primrose syndrome'.

We report a 43-year-old man with a slowly progressive neurological disorder associated with impaired intellect, general stiffening of the spine and joints, craniofacial dysmorphism, hearing loss, and massive calcification of the external ears. Extensive laboratory investigations were nondiagnostic. This patient appears to have the same disorder reported previously in two individual case reports, supporting the idea that this phenotype may represent a recognizable new clinical entity. A review of literature pertaining to calcification of the external ears is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Congenital conductive or mixed deafness, preauricular sinus, external ear anomaly, and commissural lip pits: an autosomal dominant inherited syndrome.

Branchiogenic syndromes such as branchio-oto-renal syndrome, Treacher Collins syndrome, and hemifacial microsomia are well delineated. From a clinical study in a large family spanning three generations, it can be concluded that the association of conductive deafness, commissural lip pits, preauricular sinuses, and external ear anomalies can be differentiated from the above-mentioned syndromes and is a separate autosomal dominant syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1999

[Multiple cancer of the external ear].

Neoplasmatic multifocal tumors develop inside the same tissue or organ. They refer to skin, mucosal membrane of gastrointestinal tract or respiratory tract. To diagnose them a histopatological confirmation of their malignancy is needed, there must be macroscopic border line between tumors, the change can not be a metastasis from primary defect. The authors present two cases of external ear squamous cell carcinoma a which appeared bilaterally in different periods of time.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Effects of high-pressure argon-containing gaseous compositions on operators' rhinopharynx and external ear microflora and its reactivity to antibiotics].

Earlier investigations revealed an important microbiological feature of the human in hyperbaric environment--linear progressive unbalance in the opportunistic and commensal ratio within the main biotopes. Change in the gaseous environment may influence the activity of infectious agents. Purpose of our investigation was to study effects of argon-containing gaseous compositions on the rhinopharynx and external ear microflora in operators, and its reactivity to antibiotics. Attempted was quantification of the operators' aerobic microflora exposed for 6, 7 and 18 days to argon-containing gaseous compositions (normoxic and hypoxic) under an elevated pressure (0.15-0.5 MPa). Evaluated was also susceptibility of the human microflora to antibiotics of the basic chemical classes under these conditions. The argon-containing gaseous compositions in the above pressure range did not have any specific effects on the ratio of aerobic gram-negative bacilli and staphylococci; neither they created selective advantages to any of the groups of microorganisms under study. It was found additionally that long-duration exposure in the argon-containing gaseous environment (6, 7 and 18 days) gave rise to cultures with the signs of hospitalism (e.g., high index of multiple drug resistance). Potentiality of infection development in dwelling modules with argon-containing gaseous environment and proliferation of polyresistant strains point to the necessity to design a respective preventive system.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Narrow-band sound localization related to external ear acoustics.

Human subjects localized brief 1/6-oct bandpassed noise bursts that were centered at 6, 8, 10, and 12 kHz. All testing was done under binaural conditions. The horizontal component of subjects' responses was accurate, comparable to that for broadband localization, but the vertical and front/back components exhibited systematic errors. Specifically, responses tended to cluster within restricted ranges that were specific for each center frequency. The directional transfer functions of the subjects' external ears were measured for 360 horizontal and vertical locations. The spectra of the sounds that were present in the subjects' ear canals, the "proximal stimulus" spectra, were computed by combining the spectra of the narrow-band sound sources with the directional transfer functions for particular stimulus locations. Subjects consistently localized sounds to regions within which the associated directional transfer function correlated most closely with the proximal stimulus spectrum. A quantitative model was constructed that successfully predicted subjects' responses based on interaural level difference and spectral cues. A test of the model, using techniques adapted from signal detection theory, indicated that subjects tend to use interaural level difference and spectral shape cues independently, limited only by a slight spatial correlation of the two cues. A testing procedure is described that provides a quantitative comparison of various predictive models of sound localization.

Acoustics↗
PubMed2006

Merkel cell tumour of the external ear. Report of a case.

Merkel cells carcinoma (MCC) is an uncommon skin lesion, considered a malignancy of the neuroendocrine system, which is found mainly in elderly people. Its incidence is highly correlated with sun exposure or immunodeficiency syndromes. MCC is often an aggressive tumour with high tendency for local recurrence, lymph node involvement and distant metastasis. To our best knowledge 20 cases originated from the auricle have been described, 2 of them arising from external ear canal. The authors report a case of the ear canal characterized by two others synchronous tumours and the occurrence of a malignant high grade lymphoma, in which contribute of the pathologist was essential for a critical review. MCC diagnosis is not always easy for its pathological and clinical features and it should always be considered in presence of lymphoma. A multidisciplinary approach is basic.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Squamous cell carcinoma of the external ear. A carcinoma of old age which requires individualized therapy planning].

METHODS: Data for all patients with ear malignancies being operated in our department between August 1988 and March 2001 were retrospectively analyzed for tumor localisation, stage, biometric data, anesthesiological risk factors, therapy and recurrence of the disease. RESULTS: Thirty of 79 patients (29 male, one female; average age 77.2 years, range 54-99 years) with cutaneous malignancies of the external ear were diagnosed as SCC ( n=32 SCC). A total of 17 SCC were smaller than 2 cm, 12 were between 2-5 cm, and three were larger than 5 cm. Only two patients had regional nodal disease, none had distant metastases. The anesthesiological risk was estimated according to the recommendations of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA); 16/30 patients were classified as group 3 or 4, having severe general disease with a decrease in vitality or even vital risks. A total of 24 SSC were primarily operated under local anesthesia. Depending on histology, localisation and size of the SCC local excision, partial or total removal of the auricle was performed. In the remaining 8/32 cases, the primary intervention was performed under general anesthesia, mostly in combination with an ipsilateral neck dissection and a superficial parotidectomy. In 8/32 cases, the SCC had to be re-operated after primary R1 resection. Altogether, eight patients received radiotherapy. In 5/32 cases there was a recurrence of the disease. The average follow-up period of the 13 patients who are still alive is 50 months (17-113). One patient died as a result of the metastasized SCC and 16 patients died due to other diseases. DISCUSSION: Considering the high age and the age-associated general diseases of the patients with SCC of the auricle, differentiation between a radical concept of therapy and its risks and possible therapy-related damage is important. Therefore, individual concepts such as partial removal of the pinna without neck dissection and parotidectomy for the N(0) stage are justified if relevant anesthesiological risk factors have to be taken into account.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1993

[Role of integrated imaging (computerized tomography and echography) in the surgical reconstruction of the external ear].

Three-dimensional Computed Tomography (3DCT) imaging methods of the skull and ribs by axial and contiguous slices allow the selective rendering of the involved structures. The possibilities given by variable threshold ranges allow 12-bit density structures (Hounsfield Units) to be obtained within threshold limits. Imaging has been optimized by shading solids. Such methods, together with US (duplex-Doppler) techniques, offer new diagnostic possibilities relative to the treatment planning of patients with either congenital malformations or acquired abnormalities of the external ear and in the evaluation of associated abnormalities of craniofacial areas. In the reconstruction of the earlap by autograft of modelled rib cartilage, after preparing an expanded otomastoid skin flap, the above methods allowed accurate preoperative planning with consequently significant reduction of surgical time and better clinical results. Six patients with earlap abnormalities (four with microtia due to complete hemifacial microsomia syndrome, one with anotia and one with post-traumatic loss of the earlap) were studied for reconstruction. High-quality 3DCT images of the rib and auricolar cartilage were obtained in real-scale representation (1:1 ratio) the evaluation of the donor site and of the autograft size. Useful pieces of information on the development and vascularization of an expanded otomastoid flap, after gradual and constant expansion, were given by duplex-Doppler US, which allowed easy monitoring in both surgical planning and follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Examination of the external ear.

Normal ears come in a wide variety of sizes and shapes, likely because of the impact of racial and familial characteristics (phenotypes), the complexity of the embryologic development (malformations), and the potential for intrauterine factors such as oligohydramnios or intrauterine compression to produce distinct physical characteristics in normally formed tissues (deformations). This article will provide an overview of the embryologic origins of the external ear. Relevant terminology used to describe the ear will be reviewed, along with objective guidelines for the assessment of ear size, shape, and position. Clinical implications of abnormal findings will be discussed along with recommendations for referral and follow-up.

Anthropometry↗