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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Antimicrobially effective compounded medications. Clinical value and critical comments].

Triphenyl-methan dyes, traditionally used in dermatology should be reevaluated with caution. Their use should be limited due to the uncertain pharmacological-toxicological risk-benefit ratio and the lack of pharmacological quality of the raw substances. Sometimes antimicrobial activity is insufficient and the cytotoxic effects, along with the inhibition of wound healing, make these dyes less suitable for topical treatment in dermatology. Chinolinolsulfat (Chinosol) and Clioquinol should be used in low concentrations and only on small areas. Due to their negative benefit-risk profile ethracidinlactate-monohydrate (Rivanol) and phenylmercuri-borate (Mercuchrom) should not be used as topical antimicrobial substances. The present publication is intended to give practical recommendations on compounded medications for topical antimicrobial use. Even though some of the cited compounds must be considered critically, we recommend the topical use of chlorhexidine salts, polihexanide, triclosan, polyvidone iodide and silver compounds. Useful standardised compounded formulations containing these four groups are listed in the NRF (Neues Rezeptur Formularium: New German Pharmacopoeia for compounded medication).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2006

[Light protection: principles of UV protection].

UV radiation is responsible for the induction of epithelial and melanocytic skin cancer, photoaging, and photodermatoses. UV protection is necessary to prevent damage caused by non-physiologic exposure. UV protection includes not only reduction of sun exposure but also use of sun protective filters, UV protective clothes, DNA repair enzymes, and antioxidant supplementation. Consumers are uncertain about the possibilities and limitations of commercial sun protection measures. Dermatologists must explain protective measures to the general public which continues to believe that UV-tanned skin is healthy. The sunscreen market is a highly competitive but lucrative market. The range of products with different designations and promises makes difficult for both consumers and dermatologists to determine what is sensible UV protection.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

[Fibromyalgia--an update].

Fibromyalgia is a common syndrome of unknown etiology characterized by chronic widespread pain and poly-symptomatic autonomic disturbances and often mental features. The American College of Rheumatology's classification criteria define fibromyalgia by widespread pain and 11 of 18 tender points. Fibromyalgia is a diagnosis of exclusion as long as stand none laboratory or technical tests. The major role in pathogenesis appears to be central and involves the subcortical pain modulation, psychical stress especially in early childhood, endocrinological and genetic factors. There is no evidence of abnormalities in muscle and tendon. The goal of therapy in fibromyalgia is pain, reduced physical function and sleep disturbance. Actual evidence of effects of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions are summarized. Tricyclic agents, aerobic exercises, patient education and combined therapies can reduce effectively symptoms and disability.

Analgesics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The pediatric cardiology pharmacopoeia: 2004 update.

Seven years ago, Pediatric Cardiology published the first version of a review article outlining the various medications used in the field of heart diseases in children. This article is an update and expansion to what we have previously presented. Therapeutic intervention, both surgical and through cardiac catheterization, has enabled cure and palliation of an increasingly expanding spectrum of diseases at earlier ages and with more complex lesions. Refinement of these procedures includes more advanced tools as well as the support of an expanding armament of pharmacopoeia used to stabilize and support patients before, during, and after such procedures. In addition to updating previously published data regarding inotropes, antiarrhythmics, vasodilators, diuretics, sedatives, and analgesics as well as a variety of miscellaneous medications, this article describes the use of pulmonary medications frequently needed in patients with congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, and chronic lung disease. We also describe the difficult management of withdrawal as a result of use of sedatives and analgesics. The most recent recommendation for subacute bacterial endocarditis prophylactic antibiotic regimens is also described.

Cardiology↗
PubMed2005

Role of systematic reviews and meta-analysis in evidence-based medicine.

The overwhelming increase in the quantity of clinical evidence has led to detachment of the evidence and practice because new evidence can be integrated into clinical practice only after it has been critically appraised and synthesized on the basis of the existing evidence. Because many clinicians lack the skills and the time for such information processing, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, their quantitative counterparts, play an important role in health care. Well performed systematic reviews provide clinically relevant information for surgeons, abrogating the need to identify, read, and evaluate many individual studies. This article reviews the basic principles of meta-analysis, discusses its potential weaknesses such as heterogeneity and publication bias, and highlights special situations when dealing with surgical trials.

Evidence-Based Medicine↗
PubMed2000

Intravascular ultrasound for assessment of coronary allograft vasculopathy.

Coronary allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is the major factor limiting the long-term survival after cardiac transplantation. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) markedly improved our knowledge about in vivo morphology of CAV by precise determination of vessel morphology. In vivo studies with IVUS demonstrated that transplant vasculopathy may present with a very heterogeneous morphology suggesting a dual etiology of transplant coronary artery disease. The high incidence of donor-transmitted atherosclerosis and its role in further progression of CAV could be demonstrated by the use of IVUS. Beside intimal hyperplasia, adaptive remodeling processes of vessel and lumen geometry may have physiologic and prognostic importance. IVUS is so far the only method that allows the evaluation of compensatory enlargement and shrinkage of coronary vessels in CAV. IVUS investigations allow the assessment of CAV progression in early angiographically not visible stages. The influence of different medical treatment regimens on CAV progression can be quantified. Further studies showed that IVUS parameters may have prognostic impact on subsequent clinical events and angiographic progression of CAV. However, besides all the diagnostic information provided by IVUS, the main application of this method is currently in the field of clinical research.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2005

[Health education and health training with osteoarthritis].

Osteoarthrosis is one of the most prevalent diseases in orthopedics. Its impact for the individual patient as well as for the socio-economic system is enormous. An increasing loss of function and pain progress of disease leads to chronic handicap, which severely restricts freedom of a self-determined life and reduces quality of life. Besides conservative and later surgical treatment, health-inducing offers to patients with arthrosis deformans have gained more importance in the process of coping with the illness similar to other chronic diseases. Health education and exercise are supposed to help patients gain more theoretical and practical knowledge of the disease and foster a more positive attitude in order to improve self management. The effect of patient educating programs with respect to self-help activities and socio-economic savings (return to work, days of hospital treatment) could be verified during recent years in many cases of chronic disease, such as rheumatic disease, diabetes and asthma through prospective multicenter studies. Whether special health training in osteoarthrosis leads to similar effects is subject of current studies.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1993

Nutrition management of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in adults: review by the diabetes care and education dietetic practice group.

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a chronic disease in which insulin production from the pancreas is diminished or absent. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is most often diagnosed in childhood, but it also occurs in adults. Treatment requires the use of exogenous insulin coordinated with food intake and physical activity. Management goals for IDDM are to attain metabolic control of glucose and lipid levels and to prevent or delay the onset of medical complications associated with diabetes. Because the type and amount of food consumed directly affect blood glucose levels, meal and snack planning, along with an appropriate insulin regimen and physical activity program, is necessary to achieve management goals. Nutrition assessment, initial education, implementation of a meal plan, and ongoing nutrition education and counseling are part of the process of nutrition management of diabetes. The registered dietitian who has a working knowledge of nutrition and diabetes management serves as an integral part of the diabetes health care team.

Adult↗