[Female genital tuberculosis and pregnancy (author's transl)].
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Abortion, Spontaneous↗
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Results for “INFECTIOUS ABORTION”
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Toxoplasmosis--its role in abortion.
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Abortion, Spontaneous↗
[Role of Mycoplasma infections in repeat abortions].
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Abortion, Habitual↗
[Prevention of lymphatic and hematologic spreading as a pathogenic condition for neural persistence of herpes simplex virus].
In the experimental model of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of the mouse--in spite of abundant virus replication on the mucous membranes--no infectious virus can be isolated from the inflamed and swollen draining lymph nodes (DLN), contrary to the positive results in the lumbosacral nerves and their associated ganglia. Attempts to reactivate an abortive infection possibly established in lymph node or spleen cells by stimulation with phytohemagglutinin or lipopolysaccharide rendered no positive results, not even when adult (i.e. at least 6-week old), but immunodeficient mice were used as test animals. On the other hand, isolation of infectious virus from lymph node and--at a lesser rate--from spleen cells was successful in immature 4 to 6-week old mice, particularly when these had undergone pretreatment with cyclophosphamide, silica, antimacrophage serum and/or cortisone; 5 days post infectionem being the date of optimum virus yield. HSV-1 infected mice were more frequently positive than those with HSV-2, and genetically sensitive animals more so than resistant mice. The data indicate that the lymphohaematogenous spread of the virus is inhibited by means of an active defence mechanism, and that unspecific defence factors on the cellular level, probably macrophages and NK-cells, are essentially responsible. This reveals that the lethal generalized infection is prevented and the neural spread can gain its essential role in the pathogenesis of the HSV-infection.
Animals↗
Zoonotic and viral infection in fetal loss after 12 weeks.
One hundred and thirty-six women from an urban, rural and farming community were recruited to a study of infectious causes of midtrimester miscarriage (n = 85), stillbirth (n = 32), or termination for developmental (n = 17) or chromosomal (n = 2) abnormalities. No woman had evidence of acute infection with toxoplasma, listeria, leptospira or Chlamydia psittaci (ovine enzootic abortion). One woman had midtrimester miscarriage associated with primary cytomegolovirus infection and five women had evidence of parvovirus B19 infection, although fetal infection was not proven. Zoonoses were not identified as a cause of fetal loss or malformation in this at-risk population, but parvovirus B19 was a significant cause of midtrimester fetal loss.
Abortion, Induced↗
Susceptibility of Marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell lines to infection with influenza and pseudorabies viruses and the protective effect of immunization with influenza virus-infected lymphoblastoid cells.
The susceptibility of 3 lymphoblastoid cell lines (MDCC-MSB1, MDCC-HP1 and MDCC-RP1) derived from Marek's disease tumours to infection with influenza (AoPR8) and pseudorabies viruses was studied. MSB1 and HP1 were more susceptible to infection with influenza virus than was RP1. It was shown in the case of HP1, which was studied in greater detail, that although the majority of the cells synthesized influenza virus haemagglutinin when infected at high multiplicity, only a small proportion produced mature infectious particles. The results obtained from both high and low multiplicities of infection suggested that infection with AoPRs was abortive in the majority of the cells of all 3 cell lines. Infected cultures remained viable when subcultured over several days. All 3 cell lines were resistant to pseudorabies virus. The block in pseudorabies virus replication probably occurred after adsorption. Immunization of chickens with HP1 lymphoblastoid cells superinfected with influenza virus AoPR8 and inactivated with glutaraldehyde gave better protection against Marek's disease than immunization with uninfected HP1 cells.
Animals↗
Association of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) with mink and rabbit lung cells.
The association of human cytomegalovirus with mink and rabbit lung cells was studied. Strain AD-169 was used which was free of Mycoplasma and other contaminating agents. It was found to be incapable of productively infecting mink lung cells. Infection appeared to be initiated but aborted at an early stage. This was indicated by indirect immunofluorescence, assays of culture supernatants and cell lysates for infectious virus, electron microscopy of ultra-thin sections of infected cells, labelling of virus and viral DNA with 3H-thymidine and assay of virally-induced DNA polymerase at various times after infection. On the other hand, using these methods. AD-169 was found to infect rabbit lung cells, the virus being produced in low amounts over a period of up to one month after infection. At this time, focal areas of infection were still apparent and 15 per cent of the cells expressed nuclear viral antigens as shown by immunofluorescence. The viral genome was assumed to have become latent in some rabbit cells with a few being capable of producing infectious virus.
Animals↗
A simulation model of brucellosis spread in British cattle under several testing regimes.
Brucellosis is a widespread, economically devastating and highly infectious zoonosis. In cattle, infection predominantly is caused by Brucella abortus, and is usually detected in pregnant females through abortions. Great Britain (GB) has been declared free from brucellosis (officially brucellosis free (OBF)) since 1993 and as such is required by European Union (EU) regulations to test > or =20% of both beef and dairy cattle >24 months old routinely. Currently, however, GB serologically tests more cattle than required and the issue of reducing the level of testing has come under consideration. We developed a simulation model to determine the rate of spread of brucellosis under a variety of testing regimes. For dairy herds, we found that reducing the level of testing would have a major effect on the rate of spread of infection, should it be imported. For beef herds, reducing the level of testing would have much less effect. We also found that abortion notification is a very-important additional means of surveillance. As a result of our predictions, policy-makers decided not to reduce the level of testing and actively to promote abortion notification.
Abortion, Veterinary↗
Interaction of the human adenovirus proteinase with its 11-amino acid cofactor pVIc.
The interaction of the human adenovirus proteinase (AVP) and AVP-DNA complexes with the 11-amino acid cofactor pVIc was characterized. The equilibrium dissociation constant for the binding of pVIc to AVP was 4.4 microM. The binding of AVP to 12-mer single-stranded DNA decreased the K(d) for the binding of pVIc to AVP to 0.09 microM. The pVIc-AVP complex hydrolyzed the substrate with a Michaelis constant (K(m)) of 3.7 microM and a catalytic rate constant (k(cat)) of 1.1 s(-1). In the presence of DNA, the K(m) increased less than 2-fold, and the k(cat) increased 3-fold. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis was performed to determine the contribution of individual pVIc side chains in the binding and stimulation of AVP. Two amino acid residues, Gly1' and Phe11', were the major determinants in the binding of pVIc to AVP, while Val2' and Phe11' were the major determinants in stimulating enzyme activity. Binding of AVP to DNA greatly suppressed the effects of the alanine substitutions on the binding of mutant pVIcs to AVP. Binding of either or both of the cofactors, pVIc or the viral DNA, to AVP did not dramatically alter its secondary structure as determined by vacuum ultraviolet circular dichroism. pVIc, when added to Hep-2 cells infected with adenovirus serotype 5, inhibited the synthesis of infectious virus, presumably by prematurely activating the proteinase so that it cleaved virion precursor proteins before virion assembly, thereby aborting the infection.
Adenoviruses, Human↗
Genetically attenuated, P36p-deficient malarial sporozoites induce protective immunity and apoptosis of infected liver cells.
Immunization with Plasmodium sporozoites that have been attenuated by gamma-irradiation or specific genetic modification can induce protective immunity against subsequent malaria infection. The mechanism of protection is only known for radiation-attenuated sporozoites, involving cell-mediated and humoral immune responses invoked by infected hepatocytes cells that contain long-lived, partially developed parasites. Here we analyzed sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei that are deficient in P36p (p36p(-)), a member of the P48/45 family of surface proteins. P36p plays no role in the ability of sporozoites to infect and traverse hepatocytes, but p36p(-) sporozoites abort during development within the hepatocyte. Immunization with p36p(-) sporozoites results in a protective immunity against subsequent challenge with infectious wild-type sporozoites, another example of a specifically genetically attenuated sporozoite (GAS) conferring protective immunity. Comparison of biological characteristics of p36p(-) sporozoites with radiation-attenuated sporozoites demonstrates that liver cells infected with p36p(-) sporozoites disappear rapidly as a result of apoptosis of host cells that may potentiate the immune response. Such knowledge of the biological characteristics of GAS and their evoked immune responses are essential for further investigation of the utility of an optimized GAS-based malaria vaccine.
Animals↗
Reproductive genetic testing from an international perspective: impact on women in underdeveloped countries.
The impact of reproductive genetic testing (preconceptional and prenatal screening for genetic diseases) on women in the third world must take into account the many aspects that characterize underdevelopment: poverty; little access to education; housing; adequate nutrition; health services, and other. In these countries women usually suffer from male domination in a number of aspects of their lives, including reproduction. Illiteracy is high, particularly among women. Infant mortality and fertility rates are high, and the primary causes of death are infectious diseases and malnutrition. Health services are poorly organized, and family planning and prenatal care programs are deficient. Although abortions are illegal, they outnumber live births 3:1. Maternal mortality is 10-100 times higher than in industrialized nations, and complications of illegal abortions are one of its main causes. This description applies to the majority of the population and contrasts with that of the small segment of well-to-do upper classes, who have access to education, housing and health services that include family planning, prenatal care and reproductive genetic testing. By and large, all main cities count with clinical genetic centers. The illegality of abortion, however, makes prenatal testing in the public sector a difficult task, while in the private sector quality control is an unheard concept and the patients frequently fall victims of the entrepreneurial and commercial goals of the providers. For the majority of the population, the impact of reproductive genetic testing is almost nil, simply because the services are not available.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Delivery of Health Care↗
[Epizootiology of leptospirosis on industrial swine-breeding complexes].
Epizoovotiologic studies were carried out at two industrial pigbreeding complexes for 40,000 and 33,000 animals with a record of leptospirosis. The serologic examination of pigs made use of the microagglutination reaction in the investigation of a total of 3,793 blood samples by groups corresponded to the technology of raising introduced at such complexes--sows, growing animals, replacement animals, and pigs for fattening, along with the study of 20,914 blood samples taken from pigs in various regions of the country. The total number of positively reacting pigs accounted for 12.9 per cent. Highest was the percent of positively reacting sows and growing pigs--19.1 and 12.9, while the replacement animals showed 8.31. No positively reacting animals were found among the pigs for fattening. Highest titers were noted among sows--up to 1:12,800 (infectious), and lowest among growing pigs--up to 1:100 (postnatal). State are the substantial economic losses caused by abortions and stillborn piglets--11 and 23 per cent, resp., for the two complexes. The basic Leptospira type for the two complexes and for the country as a whole proved L. pomona. The main source of infection were the carrier pigs that excreted Leptospira organisms, and the infection at the industrial complexes came from the hybrid sows and boars imported from abroad for grading purposes. A biologically justified and economically expedient programme of immunoprophylaxis in the control of Leptospirosis was worked out, providing vaccination of replacement pigs and sows only, treatment taking place after impregnation.
Animals↗
Incidence of bacteremia at dilation and curettage.
The American Heart Association does not recommend prophylactic antibiotics for patients undergoing dilation and curettage (D & C) except in the case of septic abortion or the presence of prosthetic valves. This recommendation is based on a retrospective analysis of case reports of infectious complications of D & C. To date we are unaware of prospective studies that answer this question. At a community hospital we studied 20 patients undergoing D & C for noninfectious indications. Aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures were performed before and during the D & C. All baseline cultures were negative. In one patient we were able to isolate Lactobacillus after the D & C, thus finding a 5% incidence of bacteremia. That places D & C in the same risk category as other diagnostic procedures considered low risk in the pathogenesis of subacute bacterial endocarditis. Our study thus validated the recommendations made by the American Heart Association.
Adult↗
Listeria monocytogenes: a foodborne pathogen.
Listeriosis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes, appears to be increasing in incidence worldwide. The disease is of great concern to the food industry. A recent outbreak in California was linked to the consumption of Mexican-style soft cheese and involved more than 300 cases, 30% of which were fatal. L. monocytogenes can be found in a variety of dairy products, leafy vegetables, fish and meat products. It can grow in refrigerated foods and is more heat resistant than most vegetative microbes. The epidemiologic features of listeriosis are poorly understood, and the minimum infectious dose is unknown. Those predisposed to listeriosis include immunocompromised people and pregnant women and their fetuses. Meningitis, spontaneous abortion and septicemia are the primary manifestations of the disease. Early recognition is critical for successful treatment, and ampicillin is the preferred drug. Listeriosis should be considered in any febrile patient with neurologic symptoms of unknown origin, as well as in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriages, premature labour or fetal death. A food source should be the prime suspect if any isolated case or outbreak occurs.
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
[Successful postponement of delivery in twin pregnancy].
OBJECTIVE: Description of twin pregnancy after IVF preterm rupture of membranes of fetus A in 22nd gestational week. Abortion of fetus A and successful delayed delivery of twin B. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, 2nd Medical Faculty Charles University and Faculty Hospital Motol, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, 1st Medical Faculty Charles University and General Faculty Hospital, Prague. METHODS: Patient A. S. 34 years old, admitted to the hospital in 23rd gestational week with preterm rupture of membranes of fetus A, after appearing spontaneous uterine contractions terminated the abortion of fetus A. The uterine contractions stopped with toxolytics and after one week of expectation interval the cerclage suture of cervix was performed. The following course of pregnancy was protected with antibiotics and 48 hours toxolysis with beta mimetics. The pregnancy continued without any serious complications till 37th gestational week, when infectious markers elevated. Cerclage suture was taken away and after 12 hours interval the labor started. The labor was terminated with s.c. because of imminent fetal hypoxia. CONCLUSION: After the abortion of twin A we succeeded to delay delivery interval for 4 months. The borderline mature neonate was born in good clinical condition and survived without any serious complications.
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
[CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE ETIOLOGY OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS. 2].
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Abortion, Threatened↗
Protection of sheep against Chlamydia psittaci infection with a subcellular vaccine containing the major outer membrane protein.
An outer membrane (OM) preparation from elementary bodies (EBs) of Chlamydia psittaci (ovine abortion strain) was used to vaccinate pregnant ewes in a single subcutaneous dose and was found to achieve protection after subcutaneous challenge with infectious organisms. Inactivated purified EBs used as a single-dose vaccine also gave protection. The ratio of live to dead lambs was significantly higher in the vaccinated groups (16:1 and 15:1, respectively) than in the placebo group (8:9). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting showed that a 40-kilodalton protein was the main protein constituent of the OM preparation, and this was positively identified as the major outer membrane protein by protein microsequencing. Electron microscopy revealed that fine particulate structures on the outermost surface of the EB were also present in the OM preparation. The findings suggest that the major outer membrane protein is an important immunoprotective determinant in ovine abortion vaccines.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Decreased expression of equine herpesvirus-1 early and late genes in the placenta of naturally aborted equine fetuses.
Intrauterine infection with equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) has been considered to be the consequence of transplacental transmission of the virus following maternal cell-associated viraemia. In this study the state of EHV-1 gene expression in the placenta of seven naturally aborted equine fetuses was examined. Neither lesions nor viral antigens were detected in the placenta of the fetuses. The amount of infectious virus in the placentas was considerably lower than that in the fetal lungs, which showed pneumonia and typical herpesvirus inclusions. Quantitative dot blot hybridization with probes specific for immediate-early (IE), early (ICP0), and late (gD and gK) genes revealed that the placentas expressed the IE gene at a level comparable with that in the lungs; however, expression of the ICP0, gD and gK genes was significantly weaker in the placentas than in the lungs. In-situ hybridization demonstrated that both IE and gK RNAs were distributed mainly in the cytoplasm of trophoblasts. These results suggest that the low level of early and late gene transcription may be related to the limited production of viral progeny and the lack of immunoreactivity for viral antigen in trophoblasts infected with EHV-1.
Abortion, Veterinary↗