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Results for “Immune correlation”

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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Nutritional modification of inflammatory diseases.

Regulation of the immune system is extremely complex. We are only starting to understand how the immune system coordinates the body's response to a disease or invading pathogen. Immunomodulation, as the term implies, can be used to designate either a suppression or an augmentation of an immune response. Suppressing the function of the immune system may be important in cases of inflammation and augmenting the immune response when increased resistance to disease is required. Nutrition does and can play an important role in modulation of the animal's immune system. The majority of scientific literature published on the interaction of nutrition and the immune system correlates the effects of nutrient deficiency and modulation of an immune response. These studies have evaluated deficiencies of protein; energy; the fat soluble vitamins A, D, and E; the B-complex vitamins; vitamin C; and the minerals selenium, iron, zinc, and copper and their relationship to immune dysfunction. Most recently, researchers have concentrated efforts on evaluating the impact specific fatty acids have on modulation of the immune system. Undoubtedly, the nutritional status of the animal plays an important role in resistance mechanisms against disease causing organisms and may influence the outcome of disease in infected animals. The focus of this chapter is to concentrate on the role specific polyunsaturated fatty acids have on the immune response of animals and to consider the potential for nutritional modification of diseases related to inflammation.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation of circulating antibody and cellular immunity with resistance against Cryptosporidium baileyi in broiler chickens.

The correlation of circulating antibody and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) with resistance to Cryptosporidium baileyi was studied using hormonal and chemical bursectomy in the one experiment and cyclosporin A in a second experiment. In Expt. 1, there was no correlation between antibody (confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and resistance to infection as measured by body weight, gross lesions, morbidity, and mortality. Bursectomy altered antibody production, but not CMI, as measured by the delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reaction. In Expt. 2, cyclosporin A reduced CMI, but not antibody production. Chicks treated with cyclosporin A were more susceptible to C. baileyi (more severe respiratory disease) than untreated controls. Results suggested that CMI is more important in resistance to C. baileyi than circulating antibody.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effector cell stimulation-inhibition of in vitro lymphoma cell DNA synthesis and correlation with in vivo antitumor response.

DNA synthesis by murine lymphoma cells was stimulated up to 20-fold in vitro by syngeneic or allogeneic peritoneal cells (PEC) and peripheral blood lymphocytes, as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation in a 44-hr assay. The increase in DNA synthesis correlated with an increase in tumor cell number in the cultures. The adherent PEC population was responsible for most of the enhancement. This effect was abrogated by pretreating the adherent cells with the metabolic inhibitors iodoacetamide, KCN, NaF, and dinitrophenol, or with glutaraldehyde, or by heating at 56 degrees. Pretreatment with mitomycin C did not eliminate the stimulatory effect. PEC supernatants did not enhance tumor growth, but effector-to-target cell proximity was shown to be necessary for stimulation. PEC from tumor-immunized mice also stimulated tumor target cell growth, but to a consistently smaller degree than did nonimmune PEC. This immune inhibition correlated with in vivo survival of mice to live tumor challenge and with ability of effector cells to increase life-span in adoptive immunity tests. Differential production of thymidine by normal and immune PEC appeared not to be a factor in these assays. Fractionation of PEC showed that the immune nonadherent cells were inhibitory in vitro and were able to increase survival time in adoptive immunity tests. On the other hand, the adherent PEC from immune mice either inhibited, stimulated, or had no effect on tumor cell DNA synthesis, compared with nonimmune adherent PEC, thus exhibiting no correlation with the immune status of the donor. In one example, administration of the macrophage activator lipopolysaccharide to mice resulted in PEC that were inhibitory in the in vitro assay, although the agent did not produce in vivo immunity. The inhibition of tumor DNA synthesis assay, with unfractionated PEC, exhibited a consistent correlation with the immune status of the host when mice were sensitized to lymphoma cells. However, the variable influence of the adherent PEC population on tumor growth reduced or nullified the immune inhibitory effect in a few cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The role of psychological factors in questionnaire-based studies on routes of human toxoplasmosis transmission.

The paper studies impacts of particular toxoplasmosis risk factors (consumption of raw meat and contact with cats), their interactions, and their relationship with the personality of the subjects. Among 243 men and 343 women the frequency of subjects with antitoxoplasma immunity was 26.6% and 21.6%, respectively. The association of antitoxoplasma immunity (assessed by the toxoplasmin skin test) with the two risk factors was estimated by log-linear analysis. Reported contact with cats has no influence on the probability of having antitoxoplasma immunity (P = 0.23) while the consumption of raw meat increased this probability (P = 0.0008). Very strong positive association between the contact with cats and the raw meat consumption was found among subjects without toxoplasmosis (P = 0.0028), suggesting that among these persons some subjects either incorrectly assessed their exposition to the risk factors or provided false data during the interview. The results of logistic regression suggest that the contact with cat and the consumption of raw meat are associated with particular personality traits. However, these traits differ from those associated with antitoxoplasma immunity suggesting that the correlation between antitoxoplasma immunity and consumption of raw meat reflects epidemiological importance of the raw meat rather than a correlation of both factors (raw meat consumption and probability of acquiring toxoplasmosis) with the subjects personality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Hamilton and Zuk meet heterozygosity? Song repertoire size indicates inbreeding and immunity in song sparrows (Melospiza melodia).

Hamilton and Zuk's influential hypothesis of parasite-mediated sexual selection proposes that exaggerated secondary sexual ornaments indicate a male's addictive genetic immunity to parasites. However, genetic correlated of ornaments and immunity have rarely been explicitly identified. Evidence supporting Hamilton and Zuk's hypothesis has instead been gathered by looking for positive phenotypic correlations between ornamentation and immunity; such correlations are assumed to reflect causal, addictive relationships between these traits. We show that in a song sparrows, Melospiza melodia, male's song repertoire size, a secondary sexual trait, increased with his cell-mediated immune response (CMI) to an experimental challenge. However, this phenotypic correlation could be explained because both repertoire size and CMI declined with a male's inbreeding level. Repertoire size therefore primarily indicated a male's relative heterozygosity, a non-addictive genetic predictor of immunity. Caution may therefore be required when interpreting phenotypic correlations as support for Hamilton and Zuk's addictive model of sexual selection. However, our results suggest that female song sparrows choosing with large repertoires would on average acquire more outbred and therefore more heterozygous mates. Such genetic dominance effects on ornamentation are likely to influence evolutionary trajectories of female choice, and should be explicitly incorporated into genetic models of sexual selection.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Immune dysfunction and dental caries: a preliminary report.

This study was undertaken in order to correlate the immune status of persons with various types of immune dysfunctions with the incidence of dental caries. Preliminary data on caries experience and the microbial composition of plaque in these individuals are presented. The findings suggest that persons with immunoglobulin dysfunctions have a greater susceptibility to dental caries and have a greater frequency of harboring S mutans than do normal persons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Neuro-immune network. Basic structural and functional correlates.

The relationship among the nervous, endocrine and immune systems can be addressed in a number of ways. In this minireview, after introducing the immune microenvironment and outlining the principal domains of neuroimmune investigations, the preference was given to the influence of lesioning and stimulation of brain structures on immunological responsiveness; the relationship between micromagnetic fields, brain and immunity; the humoral and cell-mediated immunological features of certain neurological and psychiatric diseases; and the effect of stress on immune reactions. Described phenomena support the contention that there are numerous and continuous intercommunications between the nervous system and the immune system.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neisseria gonorrhoeae: vaginal clearance and its correlation with resistance to infection in subcutaneous chambers in orally immunized estradiol-primed mice.

The rate of clearance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in vaginal specimens harvested from inbred Balb/c and outbred (Institute of Cancer Research [ICR]) white mice, previously primed with saline or beta-estradiol and then challenged with live gonococci, was determined. Survival of gonococci was significantly (P < 0.05) better in estradiol-primed mice from both inbred and outbred lines at 24 h after challenge. Vaginal clearance of gonococci from ICR mice parenterally primed with a gonococcal PI-B synthetic peptide and then orally immunized with gamma irradiated, protein-III deficient gonococcal cells was significantly (P < 0.001) faster than in corresponding nonimmunized, estradiol-primed controls. The more rapid vaginal clearance in the orally immunized mice was correlated with an elevated subcutaneous chamber ID50% (> 100,000 colony forming units) determined for the same groups of mice. Peptide-primed mice orally immunized with irradiated Escherichia coli cells demonstrated a chamber ID50% of < 100 CFU and were significantly (P < 0.01) slower to clear gonococci following vaginal challenge. High levels of specific IgA and IgG antibodies to gonococci were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in vaginal wash specimens from orally immunized mice. However, high antibody titers were not always predictive of an increased resistance to vaginal challenge. These models may be helpful in providing more economical and accessible in vivo methods for screening certain gonococcal vaccine candidates before more expensive testing in chimpanzees or humans.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

Active hexose correlated compound enhances tumor surveillance through regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.

Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) is a mixture of polysaccharides, amino acids, lipids and minerals derived from cocultured mycelia of several species of Basidiomycete mushrooms. AHCC has been implicated to modulate immune functions and plays a protective role against infection. However, the potential role of AHCC in tumor immune surveillance is unknown. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were orally administered AHCC or water, followed by tumor cell inoculation. We showed that compared to pure water-treated mice, AHCC treatment significantly delayed tumor development after inoculation of either melanoma cell line B16F0 or lymphoma cell line EL4. Treatment with AHCC enhanced both Ag-specific activation and proliferation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, increased the number of tumor Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells, and more importantly, increased the frequency of tumor Ag-specific IFN-gamma producing CD8(+) T cells. Interestingly, AHCC treatment also showed increased cell number of NK and gammadelta T cells, indicating the role of AHCC in activating these innate-like lymphocytes. In summary, our results demonstrate that AHCC can enhance tumor immune surveillance through regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Anoikis classification of lung squamous cell carcinoma reveals correlation with clinical prognosis and immune characteristics.

BACKGROUND: Anoikis is a new mode of cell death that has been shown to correlate significantly with tumors. However, the clinical prognostic significance of anoikis in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains poorly studied. METHODS: The differentially expressed ARGs and candidate genes were selected by the differential analysis to construct a predictive model. Independent prognostic gene was determined by Cox and LASSO analysis and we used the HCC95 and NCI H520 cell line to verify the gene function. We used the data from TCGA, GEO, GeneCards, and Harmonizome databases to analyze the immune microenvironment, functional enrichment, and drug sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: We identified 717 differentially expressed and selected 3 ARGs (FADD, SNAI1, and BAG4) to construct a predictive model. We found that SNAI1 is an independent prognostic gene and confirmed that knocking out the SNAI1 inhibited the HCC95/NCI H520 cell proliferation. We used single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to evaluate the immune infiltration based on the 3 ARG expression levels. We constructed a risk score and provided a visual representation of the prophetic implications of the ARGs-based signature through a nomogram. We found 15 susceptible drugs in the high-risk group and 15 sensitive drugs in the low-risk group by the drug sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION: We used ARGs to construct a prognosis model for LUSC that can accurately predict the prognosis of LUSC patients. ARGs, especially SNAI1, play an essential role in developing LUSC. These findings could provide individualized treatment plans and new research ideas for LUSC patients.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

A respiratory challenge model for infection with Bordetella pertussis: application in the assessment of pertussis vaccine potency and in defining the mechanism of protective immunity.

The evaluation of vaccines for human use usually requires the development of appropriate animal models and the definition of laboratory correlates of immunity. Traditionally whole cell pertussis vaccines have been controlled by using an active mouse protection test, which measures protection following intracerebral challenge with Bordetella pertussis. However, this test is unsuitable for assessing the potency of the new generation acellular pertussis vaccines. In the present study we demonstrate that a murine respiratory challenge model for infection with B. pertussis is suitable for assessing the potency of acellular and whole cell pertussis vaccines. To allow standardization of different vaccines we have expressed the area under the clearance curve for immunized mice as a ratio of that for non-immunized controls to obtain a potency index. A comparison of estimated vaccine efficacy in children with potency in the murine model results in a highly significant correlation (r = 0.976, p < 0.001). Furthermore, we have used this model to define the protective mechanism of immunity against respiratory infection with B. pertussis and demonstrate a requirement for both specific T and B cells. In accordance with studies in humans, no clear relationship was observed between monotypic serum antibody responses against the putative protective antigens of B. pertussis and protection. In contrast, the most potent protection was observed when the T cell response is polarized to the Th1 subtype.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Serum factors modifying cell mediated immunity to rat hepatoma d23 correlated with tumour growth.

Sera from rats bearing a progressively growing transplanted aminoazo-dye-induced hepatoma (hepatoma D23) have been examined for the presence of hepatoma D23-specfic antigen, antibody and immune complexes throughout the course of tumour growth. The levels of these factors have been correlated with the in vitro blocking and inhibition of cytotoxic lymph-node cells from immunized animals for cultured tumour cells. Sera from animals bearing small tumours (7-14 days after tumour implantation contain free tumour-specific antigen whilst immune complexes could not be detected. Although these sera were neither blocking nor inhibitory under the normal conditions of the test, when concentrated two and fourfold, inhibition but not blocking of lymph-node cell cytotoxicity could be detected. In comparison sera from animals bearing large tumours (24-28 days) blocked but did no inhibit in vitro lymph-node cell cytotoxicity and this correlates with the presence of tumour-specific immune complexes in antibody excess. Animals with intermediate-sized tumours had high levels of both blocking and inbibitory activity in the serum, these effects becoming apparent when neither free antibody nor free antigen could be detected. The relevance of these findings to the mechanism by which a growing tumour may escape specific cellular immune destruction is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Distress, denial, and low adherence to behavioral interventions predict faster disease progression in gay men infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

This study examined psychological prediction of 2-year disease progression in gay men after finding out their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus. Psychological and immune status of asymptomatic gay men who did not know their HIV serostatus was monitored during the 5 weeks before and after serostatus notification. The men were randomly assigned to an exercise. cognitive-behavioral stress-management intervention, or control group. At 2-year follow-up for the 23 men who turned out to be seropositive. 9 had developed symptoms, including 5 with acquired immune deficiency syndrome--4 of whom died. Distress at diagnosis, denial (5 weeks post-diagnosis minus pre-diagnosis). and low adherence during interventions were significant predictors of 2-year disease progression. Denial and adherence remained significant predictors of disease progression even after controlling for CD4 number at entry. Furthermore. change in denial was significantly correlated with immune status 1 year later; l-year immune status was significantly correlated with 2-year disease progression. The present study therefore demonstrates significant relations between psychological variables on the one hand and both immune measures and HIV-1 disease progression on the other. We conclude that distress, denial, and low protocol compliance predict subsequent disease progression.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Immune complexes, serum proteins, cell-mediated immunity, and immune regulation in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

A collaborative study of the humoral and cellular immune status of patients with carcinoma of the Head and Neck (H&N) was conducted at the West Virginia University (WVU) hospital. In addition, blind-coded serum panels were supplied on H&N cancer patients being treated at the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Serum protein analysis of the WVU study groups revealed that at the pretreatment sampling, the alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), total complement, and IgA levels were significantly elevated. The AGP levels and total complement levels declined to normal levels in the post-treatment period, whereas the IgA levels remained elevated throughout the entire observation period. Levels of serum immune complexes (SIC) were measured in both the WVU and NCI H&N cancer populations using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation method. In both survey populations all cancer groups had significantly elevated levels of SIC when compared to any of the control populations. The SIC levels never returned to comparative normal values even in cases after successful treatment. A subpopulation of the WVU-H&N cancer study group underwent a short course of intravenous hyperalimentation prior to their treatment regimen. These patients demonstrated a transient decrease in their SIC levels as well as a concomitant increase in their in vitro cell-mediated immune (CMI) correlates. The analysis of in vitro CMI correlates of the WVU study group using both polyclonal mitogens and specific antigens demonstrated a significant depression in these parameters pretreatment and post-treatment. In addition, it was observed that the time course for elevation of selected serum proteins (i.e., IgA and SIC) correlated with concomitant drops in CMI activity. Investigations were also conducted into the effects of immune complex-rich serum fractions upon selected in vitro CMI correlates. Significant blockage of a normal donor leukocyte migration-inhibition assay was demonstrated. Also, a similar inhibition of the ability of normal human lymphocytes to form high affinity rosettes was accomplished with serum from H&N cancer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Quantifying the impact of hepatitis A immunization in the United States, 1995-2001.

Hepatitis A rates have declined to historically low rates in the United States. To assess the degree to which this decline was attributable to immunization, we correlated changes in the incidence of hepatitis A with increases in immunization coverage in a Poisson regression model. In a model allowing for herd immunity, an estimated 97,800 hepatitis A cases were averted due to immunization between 1995-2001, including 39% of potential cases in 2001. Assuming no herd immunity; 32,300 cases of hepatitis A would have been prevented. Sensitivity analysis showed that the number of averted cases in this period could range from 45,500 to 172,900. Among children 2-18 years old, vaccination coverage averaged 10% in 2001 and is estimated to have prevented 51% of cases in this age group. These results suggest that much of the recent reduction of hepatitis A rates is attributable to immunization and that immunization has been associated with a strong herd immunity effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Immunologic evaluation of patients with polychlorinated biphenyl poisoning: evaluation of delayed-type skin hypersensitive response and its relation to clinical studies.

Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) poisoning causes many physiological abnormalities including immune suppression. Cellular immunity was studied in 30 PCB-poisoned patients and 50 normal human subjects. PCB poisoning caused suppression of cellular immunity such as the delayed-type skin response to streptokinase and streptodornase. The suppression of cellular immunity was correlated with the severity of the disease. Thus evaluation of the immune function may be helpful for the diagnosis of PCB poisoning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Immunogenicity of intranasally administered meningococcal native outer membrane vesicles in mice.

Colonization of the human nasopharyngeal region by Neisseria meningitidis is believed to lead to natural immunity. Although the presence of bactericidal antibody in serum has been correlated with immunity to meningococcal disease, mucosal immunity at the portal of entry may also play an important role. This study was undertaken to examine in mice the possibility of safely using native outer membrane vesicles (NOMV) not exposed to detergent as an intranasal (i.n.) vaccine. The mucosal and systemic responses of mice to intranasal and intraperitoneal (i.p.) vaccination with NOMV were compared over a range of doses from 0.1 to 20 microgram. Intranasal vaccination of mice with NOMV induced a strong systemic bactericidal antibody response, as well as a strong local immunoglobulin A immune response in the lung as determined by assay of lung lavage fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and lung antibody secreting cells by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. However, 8- to 10-fold-higher doses of NOMV were required i.n. compared to i.p. to elicit an equivalent bactericidal antibody response in serum. Some NOMV vaccine was aspirated into the lungs of mice during i.n. immunization and resulted in an acute inflammatory response that peaked at 1 to 2 days postimmunization and was cleared by day 7. These results indicate that i.n. delivery of meningococcal NOMV in mice is highly effective in eliciting the production of both a mucosal immune response and a systemic bactericidal antibody response.

Administration, Intranasal↗