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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Directed mobilization of endogenous neural progenitor cells: the intersection of stem cell biology and gene therapy.

Multipotential neural stem cells, which are capable of giving rise to both neurons and glia, line the cerebral ventricles of all adult animals, including humans. These cells may be mobilized and induced to undergo neuronal differentiation in vivo, by stimulating resident progenitor cells with both delivered and virally expressed growth factors. This strategy may be particularly efficacious in striatal neurodegenerative conditions such as Huntington's disease, in which lost medium spiny striatal neurons may be replenished through directed induction of progenitor cells lining the striatal ventricular wall. More broadly, our increasing understanding of the molecular control of progenitor cell mobilization and differentiation will likely afford many new opportunities for using induced neuronal replacement as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.

Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy↗
PubMed2005

A tale of 2 epidemics: the intersection between obesity and HIV infection in Philadelphia.

BACKGROUND: Obesity and HIV infection are ongoing epidemics in the United States. Obesity predisposes to diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which are complications also associated with HIV and/or its treatment. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for overweight and obesity in HIV-infected individuals. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cross-sectional study in which 1689 patients enrolled in the University of Pennsylvania Center for AIDS Research Adult/Adolescent Database at 1 university hospital clinic, 2 affiliated practices, and 1 Veterans Administration clinic in Philadelphia had demographic, social, and medical data collected prospectively since 1999. PARTICIPANTS: Body mass index (BMI) data were available for 1669 HIV-infected subjects: 78% were men, and 60% were African American. The median CD4 count was 381 cells/microL, 47% of subjects had a viral load <400 copies/mL, and 9% of subjects were treatment naive. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The prevalence and risk factors for overweight (BMI: 25-29.9 kg/m) and obesity (BMI>or=30 kg/m) in HIV-infected subjects. RESULTS: Obesity and overweight were more prevalent than wasting (14%, 31%, and 9%, respectively; P<0.0005), but they were not more common than in the general population. Although women and men were equally overweight (30% vs. 31%), women were more obese than men (28% vs. 11%; P<0.001). Among women, African American race (odds ratio [OR]=1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-2.9) and a CD4 count>or=200 cells/microL (OR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.6-4.9) were associated with overweight and obesity. Among men, only a CD4 count>or=200 cells/microL (OR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.04-2.4) was associated with increased BMI. In men and women, smoking was associated with decreased obesity and overweight (OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.47-0.74 and OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.98, respectively). Age, income, employment, education, past or current intravenous drugs, being on HIV treatment, and viral load were not associated with obesity in the multivariate model. There was a positive correlation between BMI and total cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose. CONCLUSION: Obesity is more common than wasting in this therapeutic era. Women, particularly those of African American race, are at high risk. Obesity might add to metabolic abnormalities associated with HIV or its treatment and contribute to morbidity, as patients with HIV live longer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Phospho-specific flow cytometry: intersection of immunology and biochemistry at the single-cell level.

Striving to achieve greater clinical relevance, researchers in basic science and in drug discovery are transitioning from biochemical investigations using cell lines to technologies that garner mechanistic information from primary patient material. Such studies can be broad in scope, despite limited sample material and cell-type heterogeneity. The development of flow cytometry for following intracellular signaling has met some of these demands and opened new avenues for mechanistic exploration. This review covers some of the most recent research to leverage this new technology and follows two new developments: increasing interest in JAK/STAT signaling, and experimental strategies that reveal disease-induced modulation of signaling networks.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The intersection of patient safety and nursing research.

The individual and collective discussions of the patient safety issue in the United States have mounted from a low roar to a deafening din in the past 10 years. In this chapter the authors (1) discuss the context of patient safety over the past decade and the federal response to the problem, (2) briefly present Reason's theory of human error, which frames much of the safety research, and (3) provide a glossary of terms.

Benchmarking↗
PubMed2005

HIV and domestic violence: intersections in the lives of married women in India.

Gender inequality is driving two distinct yet interlinked epidemics among women in India: HIV and AIDS and domestic violence. As domestic violence is increasingly recognized and HIV infection expands, policy and programs do not reflect the interlinked risks and consequences in married women's lives. This article seeks to establish the nexus between HIV and AIDS and domestic violence and identify potential areas for a state-led response. In a health and human rights approach, it assesses women's vulnerability to each epidemic at the individual, societal, and program levels to analyze direct and underlying factors that determine women's risk. Three areas are identified as opportunities for an integrated response: strengthen HIV and domestic violence strategies and address their overlap; mainstream gender; and improve data and research.

Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intersection between gender and socioeconomic status in medical sciences career choice].

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the relationship between gender identity and socioeconomic level associated with career choice among undergraduate students selecting the area of health sciences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our sample was comprised of first year medical nutrition, dentistry and nursing students (n=637) admitted to the Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana - Xochimilco. A self administered questionnaire was used. The dependent variable was career choice. Independent variables included socioeconomic status, gender norms in student's homes, and gender stereotype internalization. RESULTS: More female nursing students came from low socioeconomic strata, while medical students had a higher socioeconomic status. Among males, more nursing and medical students belonged to a higher socioeconomicstrata. Nutrition and dentistry students belonged to a medium strata. In comparison with males from high socioeconomic strata more male participants reported that household chores were divided among men and women. For women, as the socioeconomic level increased, the participation of men and women also increased. In the indicators of internalization of gender stereotypes, nursing students had the highest rates in the submission scale, but the lowest for masculinity and machismo. As the socioeconomic strata increased, the characteristics of masculinity and machismo also increased. CONCLUSIONS: The present results seem to indicate that among women of low socioeconomic strata more traditional gender stereotypes prevail which lead them to seek career choices considered femenine. Among men, there is a clear relationship between career choice, socioeconomic level and internalization of gender stereotypes.

Career Choice↗