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PubMed1977

Evidence for a dual-factor concept of psychopathological emotional deficit: anhedonia and sensation-seeking.

Correlations between measures of anhedonia and sensation-seeking were calculated in two psychiatric samples. The correlations indicated that, despite their conceptual similarity, the two represent different motivational deficits. Ther correlates appeared to indicate that sensation-seeking represents neurotic inhibition, while anhedonia reflects a separate motivational deficit apparently characteristic of process schizophrenics.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Rorschach form level and the process-reactive dimension in schizophrenia.

The Rorschachs of 15 process and 15 reactive schizophrenics were scored for form level toexamine differences on the cards between these groups. Cards X and IX proved most difficult for both groups to integrate. Process schizophrenics performed less well than did reactives on Card II, and reactives performed less well than did process on Card VII. The first result was interpreted in relation to the saliency ofhuman figures in Card III. The results on Card VII were interpreted as contradicting that the card represented a parental theme. Further discussion centered upon the need for more analysis of Rorschach indices across individual cards.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The relationship between WAIS PA and MMPI SI is mediated by MMPI PD.

Investigated the effects of MMPI PD on the relationship between WAIS PA and MMPI SI. WAIS PA performance and MMPI SI have been reported to be related negatively in university undergraduates (Schill, 1966) and related positively in psychiatric patients (Johnson, 1969). This study was derived from the assumption that Schill's undergraduates had higher MMPI PD than Johnson's patients. Data from 65 psychiatric hospital patients showed that the PA - SI relationship was negative in high PD Ss and positive in low PD Ss, in support of this assumption. Thus, WAIS PA performance does have clinical implications for assessing social involvement, but the interpretation of PA depends on MMPI PD.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Health consequences of loneliness in adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to test a causal model developed from a theoretical formulation of the health consequences of loneliness in adolescents. The sample consisted of 325 adolescents, ages 12 to 21. Data were obtained in classroom settings on the variables of age, gender, and loneliness on one testing date; and on the variables of introspectiveness, symptom patterns, and perceived health status on another testing date 1 week later. The causal model was tested via the LISREL 7 program. By all indicators used in this study, there was a very good fit of the overidentified model with the data, the causal relationships predicted in the model were correctly specified, and modification of the model was not indicated. The results indicated that loneliness contributed to introspectiveness, that both loneliness and introspectiveness contributed to the reporting of symptom patterns, and that all of the aforementioned variables contributed directly and/or indirectly to a less positive perception of health status among adolescents. A vast majority of the direct and indirect effects of age and gender predicted on other variables in the model were supported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Urinary phenylethylamine correlates positively with hypomania, and negatively with depression, paranoia, and social introversion on the MMPI.

It has been suggested that phenylethylamine (PEA) may play a role in the modulation of affective behavior. The aim of the present study was to test this hypothesis. Urinary PEA excretion was determined in 32 drug-free healthy volunteers, and the MMPI was used for personality assessment. In support of this hypothesis, a significant positive correlation between PEA and hypomania (r = 0.50; P less than 0.05) and a significant negative correlation between PEA and depression (r = -0.58; P less than 0.01) was observed in the female subgroup. Furthermore, PEA correlated significantly negatively with hypochondriasis (r = -0.65; P less than 0.01), paranoia (r = 0.49; P less than 0.05), and social introversion (r = -0.60; P less than 0.05). These results are the first evidence in normal individuals either that PEA itself might play a role in the modulation of affective behavior, or alternatively that PEA could be related to mechanisms responsible for the modulation of affective behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Nonprofessional and professional help-agents' views of interventions with young maladapting school children.

The expectations of nonprofessional and professional help-agents about helping interventions with young children experiencing different types of school adjustment problems (i.e., aggressive-acting out, shy-anxious, and learning problems) were studied. The two groups responded similarly. Shy-anxious children were seen as most appropriate for the intervention, the easiest and most enjoyable group to work with, and as having the best prognoses. These four sets of judgments were relatively independent of each other. A connection was made between the current data and prior findings suggesting that shy-anxious children have more favorable treatment outcomes than other groups.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1975

Conners' Teacher Rating Scale for use in drug studies with children--an empirical study.

Their classroom teachers rated 291 schoolchildren, grades kindergarten through 6, on Conners' Teacher Rating Scale, developed for and used widely in drug studies in children. Scores were found to be significantly lower than those reported for a similar group of 92 New York children and considerably less than those of a group of 64 children receiving medication for deviant behavior. Boys generally had higher scores for acting-out-type behavior while girls scored higher on neuroticism. The factor structure in this sample showed some differences from that in Conners' original analysis but they are insufficient for any change in the widely accepted scoring system, except perhaps to add a fifth factor of sociability.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1981

Chronically ill and handicapped children and adolescents: personality studies in relation to disease.

Personality was studied in three groups of chronically ill and handicapped children and adolescents and compared to that of healthy control groups. Among physically handicapped children a pattern emerged indicating lack of emotional integration into environment without conflict. Hemophiliacs and diabetics did not differ from controls. However, there were important correlations between personality variables and clinical parameters for all three groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Brief report: thought disorder in Asperger syndrome: comparison with high-functioning autism.

Asperger syndrome (AS) is a pervasive developmental disorder generally regarded as a variant of autism. While it has been included in the ICD-10 and DSM-IV as a distinct diagnostic entity, it is still unclear to what extent it differs from high-functioning autism (HFA). Persons with HFA have been reported to show a variety of deficits of thought processes. Abnormalities such as poor reality testing, perceptual distortions, and areas of cognitive slippage have been described using the Rorschach inkblot test (Dykens, Volkmar, & Glick, 1991). Since AS has been conceptualized as a mild variant of autism, we hypothesized that persons with AS will have fewer abnormalities on the Rorschach test compared to persons with HFA. To test this hypothesis, we compared 12 subjects with AS (ICD-10, 10 male, mean age = 12.2 +/- 3.3 years, mean full-scale IQ = 99.6) with 8 subjects with HFA (ICD-10/DSM-III-R, 7 male, mean age = 12.2 +/- 3.8 years, mean full-scale IQ = 83.4) on the Rorschach test. AS subjects demonstrated a trend towards greater levels of disorganized thinking than the HFA group. They were also more likely to be classified as "Introversive" suggesting that AS subjects may have more complex inner lives involving elaborate fantasies, Also, AS subjects tended to be more focused on their internal experiences. However, overall, the Rorschach test was not found to differentiate the two diagnostic groups on the majority of structural variables. Implications of these findings are discussed with regard to the diagnostic validity of Asperger syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The spectrum of eating disorder in adolescence.

The concept of a spectrum of eating disorder in adolescence ranging from the feeling of being too fat to the syndrome of anorexia nervosa has gained considerable acceptance in epidemiological research into eating disorders. Dieting and the occasional use of more extreme methods of weight control are not uncommon in teenage girls. New findings from a prospective study of London schoolgirls support a view that dieting in adolescence, although for the most part unproblematic, is in some instances a precursor to more extreme methods of weight control and concerns about weight. Being of a higher weight and the presence of neurotic and depressive symptoms were found to be the factors, other than concerns about food and weight, which best distinguished the elements of the eating disorder spectrum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Checklists for measuring response style in hypertensives.

The need for more clearly identifying the reporting behaviour of hypertensives was addressed. An objective method of measuring reporting behaviour was developed: the Life Concerns checklist. This checklist was able to discriminate subjects defined as introspective self-doubters from those who reported either psychosomatic disorders or who blamed the environment for their problems. This checklist was also able to verify that hypertensives do have lower report rates than normotensives. The Perception of Social Acceptability of Reporting Concerns Checklist (Persolac) measured the number of specific concerns perceived to be socially acceptable to report, of which there were less for males and which in all cases varied according to whom the concerns were to be disclosed. The two checklists are presented as adjuncts to other questionnaires for use in exploring the response of individuals with essential hypertension.

Adult↗