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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Readiness for breast-feeding--A psychosocial problem (author's transl)].

Frequency and duration of breast-feeding of mothers were evaluated at the Gynaecological Hospital of Wilhelm-Pieck-Universität Rostock, GDR, in 1975 and 1977. Readiness for breast-feeding was found to go on declining, over the period under review.--The incidence of breast-feeding differed significantly by occupational backgrounds. Frequency and duration of breast-feeding undertaken by women with university and technical school education as well as by teachers, nurses, and medical laboratory assistants or female medical orderlies were higher with significance than records obtained from shop-floor and agricultural workers, clerical staff, and housewives.--Prolongation of maternity leave alone obviously did not stimulate breast-feeding, but more attention should be given to psychological moments, individual briefing on aspects relating to breast-feeding offered to mothers by medical personnel, early attempts of breast-feeding with mothers still in the delivery room and fathers present, and intensive guidance on breast-feeding at maternity wards.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Laboratory medicine in the 2000s: programmed death or rebirth?

Changes have occurred in the organization, complexity and role of medical laboratories in healthcare, requiring a great increase in global productivity and diagnostic efficiency by enrolled professionals to withstand new challenges. Such a radical evolution, which should be very attractive for new generations of professionals, is counterbalanced by an increasing shortage of laboratory vocations worldwide, particularly in community hospital and large reference laboratories, which may lead to a serious crisis in the field of laboratory medicine in the very near future. Some reasons can be highlighted, including the decreased interaction between clinicians and laboratory professionals, centralized testing, and the development of innovative, minimally invasive techniques that can easily be handled without direct control or supervision by laboratory staff. The prospect of a professional decline in laboratory medicine can be offset by increased awareness of the radical changes occurring within clinical laboratories and re-professionalization of laboratory scientists. This will require new resources to attract young professionals, and should include reaffirmation of the role of laboratory consultants and active participation in the development, implementation and monitoring of innovative diagnostic systems. The "patient" appears to be in a serious condition; it is in our hands to let him be reborn.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed2000

[The clinical pathology for the twenty-first century].

At first, the ideal way of the scientific convention should be reexamined. It is approved the future direction which should do the joint with the related societies. It has been decided that it is held at a partly congruence with Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry in the next fiscal year. The Corporation Promotion Committee(chairman of prof. I. Sakurabayashi) negotiates with the Ministry of Education about the incorporation. The Society Improved Committee(chairman of prof. K. Watanabe) is discussing about a retirement system and improved select system of the councilor. And, though the more than 400 persons of clinical laboratory physicians has been registered as a certified clinical laboratory physicians, it copes in the selection committee of each university does not always taking laboratory medical doctor as a professor of the department of clinical laboratory. And, it becomes the name of the Japan Society of Clinical Pathology does not suit at present state. The Appellation Revision Subcommittee(chairman of K. Nakahara) is discussing in the ideal name of the Society. The opinion of the most part of way will concern national medical insurance. The clinical laboratory tests related groups(Japan Society of Clinical Pathology, Japanese Association of Clinical Laboratory Physicians, Japan Society of Medical technologists, Japan Registered Clinical Laboratories Association, Japan Association of Clinical Reagents Industries, Japan Council of Clinical Reagents wholesales) formed the Council on Clinical Laboratory Tests-Related Organization at present, and the demanding paper was submitted to related associations, such as Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan Medical Association and so on.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1998

Proficiency testing in laboratory medicine: uses and limitations.

OBJECTIVE: To provide a critical review of recently published literature on the effectiveness, uses, and limitations of proficiency testing (PT) as a mechanism for laboratory improvement, and to explore ways to improve the PT process. DATA SOURCE: All publications identified by a MEDLINE search of the literature dating back to 1987 on the subject of "proficiency testing" in laboratory medicine, as well as selected references cited in recent review articles. STUDY SELECTION: No specific selection criteria were used for inclusion of publications identified by the MEDLINE database as long as they dealt with PT as a mechanism of medical laboratory improvement or a measure of laboratory performance. DATA EXTRACTION: Abstractions of data were made depending on relevance of the data. DATA SYNTHESIS: Proficiency testing data are an indicator, but not a measure, of laboratory performance. Limitations of current PT practices are incomplete assessment of the total testing process, PT materials being treated differently than those from patients, PT performance criteria, and "matrix effect." Proficiency testing performance has been related to length of PT experience, test environment and volume, institutional size, laboratory and analyst workload, difficulty of PT materials, performing quality control, testing methodology, and degree of automation. CONCLUSIONS: Proficiency testing has a well-established role as both a laboratory improvement and an educational tool. There are, however, several practical and design limitations even for the best-administered PT programs. Suggestions to improve the PT process include increased reliance on PT results in combination with other quality indicators (such as performance in regional surveys), occasional use of "blind" PT, introduction of biological materials to PT participants, electronic grading and reporting of PT results, and introduction of challenging PT materials to fulfill the educational role of PT.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1975

Quality assurance in health care: missions, goals, activities.

The most challenging mission of medical personnel today is quality assurance in health care. To meet this challenge, the essential elements of a six-phase system for total quality control for the medical laboratory are outlined under the headings of design control, incoming material control, process control, output control, reliability control, and special verification studies. Review of existing goals and activities of programs related to this mission indicates both problems and rich opportunities for individual laboratory professionals and their organizations. For effective implementation of this mission, the laboratory professionals will have to create the atmosphere of a collegium where all interested scientists communicate across disciplines to eliminate the systematic biases and improve the accuracy, precision, and specificity of clinical laboratory measuring systems, to assure medically meaningful and useful assay results for the broad spectrum of health care that is necessary for the well, the near-well, and the sick.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1985

Determination of passing scores on certification examinations: an unresolved issue.

In the field of clinical laboratory science, certification may be obtained by passing the National Certification Agency for Medical Laboratory Personnel (NCA) examination. This multiple-choice test is competence-based and criterion-referenced, and uses a modified Angoff procedure to establish the passing score. For this study, the NCA examination scores of 1,868 certification applicants (mostly new graduates) and 111 selected laboratory practitioners were compared. Although the NCA examination is designed to define the level of minimum competence, the failure rate of practitioners identified by their supervisors as minimally competent was almost four times greater that that of the certification applicants. Even the most competent group of practitioners scored well below the applicants for certification. These findings suggest that the examination cut-off point may not really define minimal competence and that the method used to determine the passing score might not be appropriate for certification examinations.

Certification↗
PubMed2005

Survey of zoonoses recorded in Scotland between 1993 and 2002.

All the human and animal laboratory reports of zoonoses sent to Health Protection Scotland between 1993 and 2002 were identified. There were 24,946 reports from veterinary laboratories, and 94,718 (20 per cent) of the 468,214 reports from medical laboratories were considered to be zoonotic. The most common reports of zoonoses from people were Campylobacter, Salmonella, Cryptosporidium and Giardia species and Escherichia coli o157. The most common reports of zoonoses from animals were Salmonella, Cryptosporidium, Chlamydia and Campylobacter species and Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis. For all the zoonoses in people, the National Health Service Board areas Borders, Dumfries and Galloway, Forth Valley, Grampian, Lanarkshire and Lothian had a higher than expected standardised incidence rate of infection, whereas Ayrshire and Arran, Fife, Greater Glasgow, Shetland, Tayside and Western Isles had a lower than expected rate. The organisms and diseases considered to be new and emerging were Rhodococcus species, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Leishmania species, Pneumocystis carinii (jiroveci) and bovine spongiform encephalopathy/variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Animals↗