PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “LIGAMENTS, ARTICULAR”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Slice-selective proton double quantum filtered MRI of joint connective tissues.

1H double quantum filtered (DQF) imaging has been shown to highlight tendons. In this work the DQF magnetic resonance imaging pulse sequence is extended to include slice selection. The short transverse relaxation time of the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance in connective tissues, presents a stringent demand on the application of gradients and soft radiofrequency pulse lengths needed for slice selection. In the present work a slice selection pulse sequence is implemented by postponing the application of the slice refocusing gradient to the period after the last pulse just before the acquisition. Slice-selective DQF images of rat lower leg and knee are given to demonstrate the efficacy of the technique.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The role of hip arthroscopy in the athletic hip.

Hip joint problems in the athlete can be disabling, yet remain elusive to investigation. The arthroscope has proved essential in both the detection and treatment of many of these disorders. Less invasive methods with quicker return to safe competition has been a sine qua non of sports medicine. The incentive to return motivated athletes to a sport has proven fertile ground for advancement of arthroscopic techniques. This has been especially exemplified in the rapidly evolving field of hip arthroscopy, and has allowed these methodologies to find application in the management of patients of all levels of activity. As has been stated, the athletic field of competition represents one of the most fertile clinical laboratories in the world.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Dorsally displaced epiphyseal fracture of the phalangeal base.

A dorsally displaced epiphyseal fracture of the middle phalanx (Salter-Harris Type I) is described. The epiphyseal fragments were attached to the central slip of the extensor tendon and collateral ligaments. The articular surface of the PIP joint was intact and smooth. The epiphysis was reduced and fixed without cutting the central slip or the collateral ligaments 8 months after injury. This kind of fracture can occur in the PIP and DIP joints, and presents special diagnostic difficulties. Open reduction is evidently necessary to correct the displacement.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Osteoarthritis-like disorder in rats with vascular deprivation-induced necrosis of the femoral head.

The reparative processes following vascular deprivation-induced necrosis of the femoral head were studied histologically in rats sacrificed 2, 7, 14, 21, 42 and 92 days postoperatively. The blood supply was severed by incision of the periosteum at the neck of the femoral head and transection of the ligamentum teres. Granulation tissue and a well-vascularized fibrous tissue originating from the joint capsule invaded the necrotic marrow spaces. With progressive resorption of the necrotic tissues and osteoneogenesis, both appositional and intramembranous, within the fibrotic intertrabecular spaces, the remodeling process led to a shift of the normal spongy architecture of the femoral head to a compacta-like one. In a few cases, osseous bridges bisected a necrotic physeal cartilage at the latest time intervals. The remodeling was associated with flattening of the femoral heads as well as with degenerative, regenerative and reparative alterations of the articular cartilage. In one of the two femoral heads obtained three months postoperatively, cystic spaces developed in the fibrous subchondral zone. Our findings are consistent with the view that ineffective attempts at restoring the prenecrotic state of the femoral head by replacing the necrotic with viable tissue triggers the collapse of the femoral head. Thickening and condensation of the subchondral bone, leading to increased stiffness of the subchondral zone, result in the osteoarthritis-like disorder. Mimicking the well-known phases of human osteonecrosis, the model readily allows for preclinical studies of therapeutic regimens.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Experimental acetabular dysplasia associated with a lesion of iliopubic limb of the triradiate cartilage.

An experimental lesion was created in the iliopubic limb of the triradiate cartilage in young Wistar rats with the object of studying the role of this structure in the development of hip joint disorders. Roentgenographic, functional, morphologic, and morphometric results were evaluated during the following 12 weeks. Acetabular dysplasia, dislocation, or subluxation of the hip, deformities of the acetabulum and the femoral head, and bending and hypoplasia of the innominate bone were the most significant findings. It is concluded that a lesion of the iliopubic limb of the triradiate cartilage may be a cause of severe hip joint disorders such as acetabular dysplasia, subluxation, and dislocation.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1982

Impact of diagnostic arthroscopy on the clinical judgement of an experienced arthroscopist.

This study explores the impact of a careful analysis of 1000 consecutive cases of diagnostic arthroscopy conducted by the author. The cases are evaluated to determine whether there is a tendency to clinically misdiagnose certain lesions. The findings furthered knowledge in regards to other possible diagnoses for specific symptom complexes. Diagnostic arthroscopy has allowed surgeons to " fine tune" their preoperative diagnostic ability and can be a very useful enhancement to the armamentarium of clinical evaluations, laboratory tests, plain radiographs, and double contrast arthrograms as diagnostic tools for knee problems. An "audit" procedure is outlined that could benefit any surgeon who is concerned about increasing their diagnostic ability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Extrusion of the medial meniscus.

Disruption of the anchoring points of the menisci of the knee has been hypothesized to result in subluxation of the affected meniscus from the articular surface. A case report of such an extrusion of the medial meniscus is presented. Medial subluxation of the meniscus from the tibiofemoral articulation occurred as a result of avulsion of the posterior horn with concomitant medial collateral and posterior cruciate ligament injuries.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed2006

Arthroscopic management of traumatic anterior shoulder instability in collision athletes: analysis of 204 cases with a 4- to 9-year follow-up and results with the suture anchor technique.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of arthroscopy in the selection of surgical procedure and treatment of both acute and recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder instability in rugby players by use of pre-established selection criteria. We describe the injury mechanisms, analyze the pathologic lesions and treatment indications based on surgical findings, and assess the results in patients treated with the arthroscopic suture anchor technique. METHODS: From November 1996 to November 2001, 204 rugby players with acute or recurrent traumatic anterior instability underwent an initial arthroscopic examination. Criteria such as type of Bankart lesion, tissue quality, and presence of bony defects were evaluated and used to determine the method of stabilization: arthroscopy or open stabilization. Open surgery was indicated in patients with bone humeral deficiencies greater than one fourth of the articular humeral head, bone glenoid deficiencies greater than 25% of the glenoid extension, capsular laxity with poor tissue quality, and humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament; all other patients underwent arthroscopic reconstruction via the bone suture anchor technique. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 5.9 years (range, 3.9 to 8.9 years). We performed arthroscopic stabilization in 39 cases of acute instability; only 1 case (2.5%) required the mini-open technique for reinsertion of humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament. Of 158 cases of recurrent instability, 121 underwent arthroscopic stabilization, and 37 (23.4%) required reconstruction with open surgery. The main cause was bony deficiency (treated with the Latarjet procedure). The results of the arthroscopic reconstructions were evaluated by use of the Rowe scale and analyzed according to stability and range of motion. Good or excellent results were found in 94.9% of cases in the acute instability group and in 91.8% in the recurrent instability group, the poor results were due to instability recurrence. In the acute instability group there were 2 cases of recurrence (5.1%) while playing rugby. In the recurrent instability group there were 10 recurrences (8.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic stabilization was possible in 97.5% of our patients with acute instability and 76.6% of patients with recurrent instability based on the selection criteria for this population. We were able to obtain excellent results in 90% of cases using the suture anchor technique in rugby players with our selection criteria. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nuclear spin tomography studies (MRI) of joints in juvenile chronic arthritis].

MRT (magnetic resonance imaging) is a new method of producing pictures of internal organs; the main advantage compared to radiography is the ability to subtly differentiate soft tissues. 14 children suffering from juvenile chronic arthritis of different subgroups are described. MRT pictures of knee joints show clearly the structure and form of the articular cartilage, ligaments as well as the nature, density and thickness of the inflammatory tissue. MRT permits a very early diagnosis of a progression in the inflammatory articular process without accompanying ionising radiation, an advantage in childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Ultrastructural changes in articular cartilage after experimental section of the anterior cruciate ligament of the dog knee.

Ultrastructural changes in articular cartilage were studied in joint laxity induced by severing the anterior cruciate ligament of the right knee in sixteen mature dogs. The left knees provided controls; sham operations on six other dogs consisted of stab incision only, leaving the ligament intact. Cartilage from the medial tibial condyles was examined at intervals from two days to eighteen months later. In the superficial zone of the cartilage, collagen fibrils became abnormally widely spaced at four days, and narrower fibrils appeared from seven days after operation. Chondrocytes, particularly in the middle zone, became more active, with hypertrophy of cytoplasmic organelles detectable from four days. Superficial cells were initially healthy and became more numerous while their lipid content increased. The articular surface was fissured from two months and cell degeneration was rarely seen until several months after operation. These findings correlate with previous biochemical studies and are similar to early changes noted in degeneration of human articular cartilage.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathomorphologic development of the dysplastic hip joint].

On the basis of findings published in the literature, morphologic changes seen among the author's patients were classified as anthropologic and teratologic dislocations. The anthropologic dislocations were sub-classified into four groups, identified as dysplasia, subluxation, severe subluxation and luxation. Their anatomic peculiarities were described and illustrated. One observation which appears important, and which has already been reported by other authors, is that the limbus is not an infolded free joint border; also, that even in cases of severe luxation the femoral head often does not go beyond the acetabular labrum, which is displaced far upward. A number of special features appear to be of major importance for therapy. Mechanically, a severe subluxation behaves in the same manner as a subluxation. No reduction maneuver is needed to reposition the joint. On plain radiographs, subluxation are often mistaken for luxations. In dislocated hips the tendon of the iliopsoas muscle lies between the anterior portion of the acetabulum and the femoral head. When the extremity is extended, the psoas tendon is an obstacle to reduction. The real articular obstacle to reduction is not the limbus (primary limbus) but the primary joint cavity, which is too narrow. The limbus is only an obstacle on the way to the primary acetabulum.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1986

Facet joint changes after chemonucleolysis-induced disc space narrowing.

Changes on facet joint articular cartilage biology after chymopapain-induced disc height loss were determined in adult mongrel dogs. Disc height decreased to 50% at 2 weeks and returned to 80% at 6 months. The biochemistry and histology of the involved-level facet joints were followed at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after the injection. X-ray study showed a narrowing of the joint space and overlap of the facet joints at 6 weeks and at 3 months. Some return toward normal appearance was noted at 6 months. There was a loss of Safranin-O stain at 6 weeks, which persisted at 3 months, although some cells showed increased Safranin-O staining in the surrounding matrix. This was further improved at 6 months. The water content was unchanged early, but had decreased significantly at 6 weeks. The hexuronic acid content, already dropping at 2 weeks, was significantly lower at 6 weeks, at 3 months, and at 6 months. However, by 6 months, it had increased, compared with the 3-month value. Synthesis of proteoglycan was depressed only at 6 weeks. Similar changes were found in the facet cartilage in the joints above and below the last injected disc level. Results of this study would suggest that there is a cause-and-effect relationship between disc pathology and facet pathology and this can affect adjacent disc facet-joint biology. The initial facet lesion described appears to be potentially reversible, but a long-term disc height decrease might be expected to cause irreversible osteoarthritic-like changes in the adjacent facet joint.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

From the RSNA Refresher Courses. Radiological Society of North America. Chronic adult hip pain: MR arthrography of the hip.

This article describes the technique for performance and interpretation of magnetic resonance arthrography of the hip. A description of normal anatomy of the hip is presented, and the appearance of the abnormal labrum is discussed. Labral detachments and tears are the most common clinically significant abnormalities to be identified. These abnormalities are recognized on the basis of the presence of contrast material at the acetabular-labral interface or within the substance of the labrum. Many varied appearances of the labrum have been identified within the asymptomatic population, and the correlation of these appearances is contrasted with those of the abnormal labrum in symptomatic patients. To date, it is difficult to draw conclusions regarding the significance of an absent labrum or of a sulcus at the acetabular-labral junction. Experience suggests that an absent labrum in a symptomatic individual is pathologic and that a sulcus at the anterosuperior acetabular-labral junction may be a normal variant.

Acetabulum↗