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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Effect of several factors on the liver extract mediated mutagenicity of acrylonitrile and identification of four new in vitro metabolites.

The mutagenicity of acrylonitrile (ACN) was tested with Salmonella typhimurium TA1530 after a preincubation period of the chemical with a rat liver post-mitochondrial fraction in liquid medium. Several pretreatments were applied to the animals before the preparation of the liver fractions and different compounds added to the incubation mixture, which were shown to modify the liver mediated mutagenic activity of ACN. Four metabolites: cyanoacetic acid, cyanoethanol, acetic acid and glycolaldehyde were identified after incubation of ACN with the rat liver homogenate. From both sets of results, an in vitro metabolic scheme is proposed to ACN, which postulates the intermediate formation of a radical species and an epoxide.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1977

Effect of serum and liver extracts from hypercholesterolemic rats on the synthesis of collagen by isolated aortas and cultured aortic smooth muscle cells.

Rats were made hypercholesterolemic by feeding them a high-cholesterol, olive oil diet for one week. The effect of sera and 35,000 X g supernatants of liver homogenates on collagen synthesis was studied in isolated aortas, cultured arterial smooth muscle cells and the same cells in suspension. Compared to the preparations from normal rats, the liver preparations from hyperlipidemic rats stimulated collagen synthesis in both isolated aortas and cultured smooth muscle cells by about 25%. In these test systems hyperlipidemic serum was without effect but when added to smooth muscle cells incubated in suspension, produced a significant increase in the amount of collagen secreted. Hyperlipidemic serum caused an increase of about 50% in the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine by cultured smooth muscle cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Hyperinsulinemia in cirrhosis--increased secretion or impaired liver extraction?].

The authors applied the oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) in 21 patients with bioptically confirmed cirrhosis without clinical or laboratory signs of manifest diabetes. At the same time they used the oGTT in 11 healthy controls. During the test they assessed the venous glycaemia, insulin and C-peptide and from these values they calculated relative indexes. In cirrhotic patients they recorded during the oGTT higher blood sugar levels, and higher insulin and C-peptide in the majority of time intervals [blood sugar during the 90th minute p greater than 0.01 and 120th minute p greater than 0.05; immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in the 90th minute p greater than 0.05 and in the 120th minute p greater than 0.01), i.e. typical hyperinsulinaemia with a retarded secretory maximum during the 90th minute. The calculation of the molar ratio C-peptide: IRI is considered useful by the authors. In cirrhotic patients it was markedly reduced on fasting, during the 60th, 90th and 120th minute (p greater than 0.01). In the discussion the authors analyze the problem of enhanced insular secretion, impaired hepatic extraction and insulin resistance in relation to disorders of glucose tolerance in cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Age-dependent increase of 8-oxoguanine-, hypoxanthine-, and uracil- DNA glycosylase activities in liver extracts from OXYS rats with inherited overgeneration of free radicals and Wistar rats.

BACKGROUND: Oxygen free radicals have been hypothesized to play an important role in the process of aging. MATERIAL/METHODS: To investigate the correlation between oxidative stress and accumulation of DNA damage we determined age-dependent levels of activities eliminating 8-oxoguanine, hypoxanthine and uracil from DNA in liver cells from OXYS rats, which are characterized by inherited overgeneration of free radicals, in comparison with those of control Wistar rats. RESULTS: A pronounced difference in the specificity of mitochondrial and nuclear 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase/AP lyase activities were revealed in both cases. Our results suggest the induction of an 8-oxoG-, uracil- and hypoxanthine-specific repair pathway with age in both types of rats. The levels of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase/AP lyase activities in nuclear extracts from both strains of rats are comparable and approximately tenfold higher than in mitochondrial extracts. On the contrary, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase/AP lyase activity in OXYS mitochondrial extracts was remarkably higher than that from old Wistar rats, and a significant increase of this activity occurs earlier in OXYS than in Wistar rats. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with the shorter life-span of OXYS rats, and with the mitochondrial theory of aging, which postulates that the accumulation of DNA damage in mitochondrial genomes leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerates the process of aging.

Aging↗