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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effect of locally applied epinephrine and norepinephrine on blood flow and diameter in capillaries of rat mesentery.

Epinephrine (5.5 mM; quantity: 0.01-87 pmole) and norepinephrine (5.9 mM; quantity: 0.01-88 pmole) were applied to 144 and 26 mesenteric capillaries, respectively, in 39 rats. Neither of these agents had a significant effect on the mean capillary diameter (control diameter before epinephrine application: 9.6 +/- 3.6 microns SD; before norepinephrine application: 11.4 +/- 6.6 microns SD). Unexpectedly, in 36% of the epinephrine applications and 49% of the norepinephrine applications, capillary blood flow was either reduced (epinephrine: within 6-61 sec; norepinephrine: within 3-36 sec) or stopped completely (epinephrine: within 8-124 sec; norepinephrine: 11-124 sec). These reductions (duration: 12 sec-32 min for epinephrine; 21 sec-12 min for norepinephrine) were associated with flow reductions in all neighboring capillaries fed by a common supplying arteriole. In order to check the possible direct effect of drug diffusion norepinephrine was applied at increasing distances up to 400 microns from the arteriole. For all such distances arterioles constricted much quicker than predicted by diffusion. Fluorescent staining using glyoxylic acid showed the presence of adrenergic nerves around arterioles, along capillaries as well as in the avascular tissue. It is concluded that conduction along nerves, or possibly via endothelial cell-to-cell communication, could explain the intriguing retrograde effect of locally applied drugs on the supplying arteriole.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A mathematical model of interstitial transport. II. Microvascular exchange in mesentery.

A simplified version of the model of interstitial transport developed earlier (D. G. Taylor, J. L. Bert, and B. D. Bowen, 1990, Microvasc. Res. 39, 253-278) is used to investigate microvascular exchange of fluid and a single "aggregate" plasma protein species in mesenteric tissue. The interstitium is approximated by a rigid, rectangular, porous slab displaying two fluid pathways, only one of which is available to plasma proteins. The model is used to explore the effects of the interstitial plasma protein diffusivity, the tissue hydraulic conductivity, the restricted convection of plasma proteins, and the mesothelial transport characteristics on the steady-state distribution and transport of plasma proteins and flow of fluid in the tissue. The simulations predict significant convective plasma protein transport and complex fluid flow patterns within the interstitium. These flow patterns can produce local regions of high fluid and plasma protein exchange along the mesothelium which might be erroneously identified as "leaky sites."

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Modeling transient exchange in mesentery.

In this paper, a mathematical model of interstitial transport and microvascular exchange within a rigid mesenteric tissue segment is employed to simulate the transient exchange of fluid and plasma proteins following two systemic disturbances: hypoproteinemia and venous congestion. In each case, the model system behavior is studied as a function of interstitial plasma protein transport mechanisms and mesothelial transport properties. Plasma protein washout was generally predicted in cases of hypoproteinemia. However, following venous congestion, the transient change in interstitial plasma protein content also depended on the relative sieving properties of the filtering and draining boundaries. When these boundaries display similar sieving characteristics, the interstitial plasma protein content increases following the disturbance. Such behavior may have some bearing on transient exchange in the hepatic microcirculation during venous congestion.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed2006

MRI evaluation of bulky tumor masses in the mesentery and bladder involvement in peritoneal carcinomatosis.

AIM: Peritonectomy procedures with intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia are an effective but costly treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). Consequently a proper selection of patients is necessary. We evaluated the benefit of MRI prior to surgery, in the detection of two of the main surgery contraindications: bulky mesenteric tumors and bladder implants. METHODS: Three experts retrospectively reviewed abdominal and pelvic MRI from 19 cases of surgically proved PC (ovary: 7; colorectal: 7; gastric: 2; pseudomyxoma peritonei: 2; appendix: 1). RESULTS: Mesenteric tumors were always identified as hypersignal masses on axial and coronal fat suppression gadolinium-enhanced T1 images (n=3). Three out of five bladder implants were detected. The two cases of bladder implants that were not detected on MRI were missed because the bladder was not filled. The best sequence for the detection of bladder involvement was axial T2-weighted images with bladder filling. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluating the preoperative resectability of PC is crucial for patient management. MRI seems to reliably detect bulky mesenteric tumors and bladder implants on condition the bladder is filled and appropriate sequences are used.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed2006

Duodenojejunal atresia with absent dorsal mesentery, choledochal cyst, and malrotation in a premature newborn--a case report.

We present the case of a premature baby who was born with the following conditions: an extensive atresia from the first part of the duodenum to the mid small bowel; malrotation of the distal part, in volvulus and in an "apple peel" configuration; no connection of the bile ducts to the bowel; and presence of a type II choledochal cyst. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which a combination of these anomalies is reported. A brief review of the relevant literature is also presented.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2004

Arterionecrosis of the equine mesentery in naturally occurring endotoxaemia.

This report describes the mesenteric arteriolar lesions in a Thoroughbred racehorse with endotoxaemia due to colic. The vascular lesions consisted of a striking loss of medial smooth muscle cells, associated with granular cell debris derived from necrosed muscle cells, plasma insudation, erythrocyte infiltration and the deposition of a fibrinoid substance (fibrinoid degeneration) in the entire arterial wall, possibly produced by the infiltration of blood components through endothelial cell junctions into the arterial wall. The morphology of the mesenteric arteriolar necrosis closely resembled that seen in experimental equine endotoxaemia and in horses that died from colic; it also resembled that of Shiga toxin-induced arteriolar lesions in oedema disease of swine and of the arterionecrosis in human cerebral arteries that may lead to hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Polyarteritis nodosa-like inflammatory vascular changes in the pancreas and mesentery of rats treated with streptozotocin and nicotinamide.

Pancreatic endocrine tumours and inflammatory vascular changes resembling those of human polyarteritis nodosa occurred simultaneously in male Holtzman rats after a single injection of streptozotocin and two injections of nicotinamide. The histomorphological appearance of the arterioles resembled that seen in vascular diseases of immunopathogenetic origin. The proximity of the vascular lesions to the hormone-producing tumour suggested that the tumour-related hormone production induced the development of the panarteritis. Streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced vasculitis in rats was histologically similar to human polyarteritis nodosa. It may therefore provide a good animal model for the human disease.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1997

Neurofibromatosis of the small intestine mesentery in a child with neurofibromatosis type 1.

The authors present a case of mesenteric neurofibromatosis in a child, which is a rare complication of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). This case is presented to illustrate the clinical features and the radiological appearance of mesenteric neurofibromatosis, which, in the appropriate clinical setting of NF1, are diagnostic. The authors also discuss the long-term complications of this condition, which includes the potential risk of malignant degeneration.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Blunt injury to mesentery and small bowel: CT evaluation.

Helical CT now allows rapid acquisition of sections through the abdomen and pelvis with optimal vascular opacification and minimal motion artifact. Oral contrast may aid in the identification of subtle bowel and mesenteric injuries and does not have any significant deleterious effects. CT findings of extraluminal enteric contrast, active hemorrhage, or free intraperitoneal-retroperitoneal air allow accurate diagnosis of SBMI in the setting of blunt abdominal trauma. Mesenteric hematoma in association with bowel wall thickening or the presence of significant amounts of free fluid without solid organ injury is highly suspicious for SBMI requiring laparotomy. CT alone or in concert with DPL and physical examination is a valuable tool in the timely diagnosis and treatment of bowel and mesenteric injury caused by blunt trauma.

Diagnosis, Differential↗