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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[The surgical treatment of erythromelalgia by the destruction of the inlet areas of the posterior spinal nerve roots].

The paper presents a 13-year-old patient suffering from erythromelalgia in whom arm pain and burning ceased for 3 years after unilateral stereotactic cryodestruction of the thalamic ventrolateral nuclei. Following a relapse, reoperation on the other side turned out to be ineffective. Then the patient underwent destruction of the inlet areas of the spinal dorsal roots by breaking the cervical pain-conducting tracts. Pain and other autonomic manifestations of the disease came to an end. The authors give an anatomic and neurophysiological rationale for surgery.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Development of the spinal nerves in the lamprey: I. Rohon-Beard cells and interneurons.

Two types of large neurons are described in the caudal one-third of the spinal cord of larval lampreys (26-day, 13-mm), Lampetra japonica. Rohon-Beard cells (RB cells) are large neurons (8-14 micron in diameter) consistently positioned superficially in the dorsolateral part of the medullary wall and separated from the extramedullary space only by a basal lamina and a thin glia limitans and from the central canal lumen by the ependyma. The RB cell contains an extensive Golgi apparatus and granular endoplasmic reticulum. Its two processes arise from the basal part of the perikaryon and join the dorsolateral tract (DLT) to extend rostrally and caudally within the DLT, which is formed exclusively by contribution of RB cell processes at least in the caudal one-third of the tail spinal cord. RB cells receive no synaptic nerve endings on their surfaces. The early developing RB cells exhibits an apical process that reaches the luminal surface of the central canal. Interneurons (15-19 microns in diameter) lie in the lateral region of the cord between the DLT and ependyma and receive from the DLT many synaptic nerve endings that contain aggregates of small, clear vesicles. They contribute axonal processes to the ventrolateral tract (VLT). Some developing interneurons have an apical process that contains abundant free ribosomes and granular ER. A presumptive model of how these cell classes are interconnected within the cord is presented.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Granular cell tumor of the spinal nerve root: MR findings.

We report granular cell tumor in the right SI nerve root, a location which has not been reported previously. The tumor showed heterogeneous hypointensity on T2-weighted images and heterogeneous enhancement. MRI also demonstrated the precise relation between the tumor and the nerve root.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Treatment of cancer pain with the percutaneous electrocoagulation of spinal nerves].

To our knowledge, this is the first report of high-frequency thermocoagulation applied to the spinal root. We treated 34 patients suffering from cancer pain with this technique. Among these patients, cancer pain occurred due to intrapelvic metastasis in 11 patients, and 13 complained of chest pain due to cancer. Every patient was considered to have good or excellent response when his or her pain score was reduced to 6 points or less from the score before thermocoagulation; 10 points. Based on this criterion, 54.5% and 30.8% of the above-mentioned patients showed good and excellent responses respectively one month after treatment. This technique, therefore, was considered to be effective with less side effects compared with other nerve blocking techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects of intrathecal saline and ketamine with and without preservative on the spinal nerve roots of monkeys.

Ketamine, a cataleptic analgesic substance which theoretically may block pain receptors in the spinal cord, providing pain relief without respiratory depression, was injected intrathecally with or without benzethonium chloride 0.1 mg/ml (a preservative) into 8 monkeys under anaesthesia. Two monkeys received saline (control group). No assessment as to relief from experimental pain was possible. All Monkeys recovered normally from anaesthesia and were found moving about in their enclosures without gross evidence of neurological impairment. No adverse reactions were noted. Ten days after the subarachnoid injection the monkeys are sacrificed. Autopsy was performed within 30 minutes. No macroscopic abnormality of the cord was noticed. Microscopic examination revealed oedema of a few nerve roots in all animals, irrespective of whether ketamine or saline was injected intrathecally. Focal degeneration with loss of myelin and axoplasm was observed within a solitary nerve root in 2 monkeys that had received ketamine, 1 with and 1 without preservative. However, in these animals lumbar puncture proved difficult and bloody taps ensued. Hence trauma could have been a contributing factor in these 2 cases. None of the other monkeys showed these changes, regardless of group.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Solitary fibrous tumor of the spinal nerve rootlet: case report and literature survey.

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare tumor that arises most commonly in the pleura. Recent evidence indicated that it is a tumor that originates from mesenchymal, probably fibroblastic, cells and is not restricted to the pleura. This report presents a case of primary SFT occurring as a dumbbell-shaped tumor of the cervical spine (C4/5) in a 46-year-old Japanese female, probably originating from the spinal rootlet. The tumor was predominantly extradural, loosely attached to the dura mater, with a small intradural extramedullary part attached to the C5 anterior and posterior rootlets. Histologically, the tumor was predominantly composed of a haphazard proliferation of spindle cells separated by abundant collagen. Immunohistochemically, the cells were strongly positive for CD34, bcl-2 and vimentin, but were negative for S-100 protein, neuron specific enolase, cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen. The present case and review of the literature strongly suggest that SFT is an entity that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tumors of the cerebrospinal region.

Antigens, Nuclear↗
PubMed1991

[Avulsion injury of spinal nerve roots in part of the lumbosacral spine].

A case of 40 years old male with left sided avulsion injury of L5, S1 nerve roots due to severe trauma. Diagnosis was confirmed with CT and radiculography. The presence of prolapsed sheath of the avulsed root in radiological examination combined with clinical picture establishes correct diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Mechanical and biochemical injury of spinal nerve roots: a morphological and neurophysiological study.

Compression may induce morphological and neurophysiological changes in nerve roots. However, it has also been demonstrated experimentally that nucleus pulposus, without any compression, may induce similar changes when applied epidurally. The present study was undertaken to examine the morphological and functional effects of autologous nucleus pulposus and the combination of nucleus pulposus and compression in a pig model. Nucleus pulposus from a lumbar disc in the same animal was applied epidurally around the first sacral nerve root in the pig, with or without a specially designed constrictor. After 1 week, nerve root conduction velocity was determined in the exposed and in the contralateral control nerve root by local electrical stimulation and EMG recordings in the back muscles. Nerve root specimens were processed for blinded light-microscopic evaluation. There was a significant reduction in nerve conduction velocity for all exposed nerve roots as well as contralateral control nerve roots when nucleus pulposus had been applied. There were no statistically significant differences between the nerve conduction velocities recorded following the combined application of nucleus pulposus and compression and those recorded after application of nucleus pulposus alone. The reductions were similar to the reduction induced by the constrictor per se, as seen in a previous study. In all series there was also a decrease in conduction velocity in the control nerve roots, in contrast to previous studies. Light microscopy demonstrated axonal changes only in nerve roots exposed to the constrictor. In conclusion, both epidural nucleus pulposus and compression may induce a significant reduction in nerve conduction velocity. The combination, however, of these two agents does not increase the magnitude of such dysfunction. The potency of nucleus pulposus to induce changes in nerve roots after epidural application was further indicated by the fact that reduction in nerve conduction velocity also occurred in the contralateral control nerve roots in this series. The histological data suggest that axonal injury can not alone explain the reduction in nerve conduction velocity, and that the morphological basis for the functional changes must be sought at the subcellular level.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Caveolae localization and caveolin expressions in Schwann cells of mature rat spinal nerves.

Caveolae are a specific plasmalemmal microdomain which appear as flask-like invaginations and/or vesicles attaching just beneath the plasmalemma. Caveolae are present in many cell types and are found in the Schwann cells that ensheath myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous tissues. However, the precise distribution in the Schwann cell plasmalemma and the functional properties of these caveolae remains obscure. The present study revealed: (1) Caveolae are most commonly observed in the Schwann cell plasmalemma of myelinated nerve fibers. (2) Caveolae are principally located in the perikaryal plasmalemma of Schwann cells of the myelinated nerves. (3) Caveolin-1 is expressed strongly in Schwann cell caveolae. (4) Caveolin 2 and 3 are also immunohistochemically detected in Schwann cell caveolae, although the immunoreactivities are slight. The results suggested that caveolae of the peripheral nervous system are involved in cellular activities specific to Schwann cells in myelinated nerve fibers. These caveolae may contain receptors for signaling molecules that could affect the myelinated nerve fibers, and/or proteins related to ion transfer activity. Further studies are necessary in order to clarify the types of proteins associated with Schwann cell caveolae.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Pathomechanisms of injuries of the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots in trauma of the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spine].

Apart from clinical examination, X-ray pictures after administration of contrastive medium to the subarachnoid space and axial computerized tomography were performed in 95 patients with traumatic damage of the spinal cord and the nervous roots. It was found that spinal cord lesion in 46.3 per cent of the patients was caused by the injury acting according to the shearing mechanism with the components of the torsional forces leading to dislocation of the vertebra. As a consequence of the crushing mechanism in the injuries of all three spinal columns, the spinal cord and the nervous roots were injured in 30.5 per cent of the patients. The neurological changes were caused by injury of the anterior and the medial spinal columns in 15.8 per cent of the patients, fracture according to the extension mechanism--4.2 per cent, compression of the spinal cord by the mass of nucleus pulposus--3.2 per cent of the patients. The risk of spinal cord injury increases in the patients with accompanying degenerative changes of the spine, growth disorders, the symptoms of local stenosis of the spinal canal.

Adult↗