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Results for “PSYCHOSOMATIC DISEASES”

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PubMed1987

[Success of inpatient psychotherapy].

21 unselected patients suffering from different psychoneurotic and psychosomatic diseases were examined before and after analytic psychotherapy lasting about three months in a hospital. The results were compared with the symptoms of a control group of 12 patients waiting for the therapy. In contrast to this group the treated patients showed an significant diminuation of troubles, accompanied by a clear increasing of self-assertion, social abilities, and confidence in the future. The clinical results were confirmed by psychological tests (Giessen test and MMPI).

Adult↗

PubMed1985

[Computer-assisted static and light-evoked dynamic pupillometry in psychosomatic patients].

Microprocessor-assisted pupillometry was used in this psychophysiological study to investigate the pupillary diameter (static pupillometry) and visual-evoked pupillary reactions (dynamic pupillometry) in psychosomatic patients (duodenal ulcers, ulcerative colitis, cardiac phobia, anorexia nervosa, bronchial asthma) as compared with age-and sex-matched normal controls. Statistical analyses including multivariate methods demonstrated interesting differences between psychosomatic patients and normal controls, as well as between various subtypes of psychosomatic disorders and elucidated also the influence of a 6 weeks' course of psychotherapy. The data give valuable clues to symptom/syndrome-specific psychophysiological reaction types, which may be of considerable relevance for the characterization of psychosomatic diseases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

[Experience using the Catathymic Picture Perception in group therapy of adolescents].

The Guidelt Affective Imagery (Katathymes Bilderleben (KB) by abundant trials of identification and identity within an imagination in groups of youth to be taken ill with psychogenic and psychosomatic diseases is used prevalent for the treatment of the disturbance of ego. Psychodynamic individualities during the process of imagination in groups follows from the dialectic proportion between the individual and the collective psychodynamic of the whole group.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

[Psychocomatic aspects in colectomized patients].

Patients who have undergone colectomy can be divided into two groups: 1. patients with mainly psychosomatic diseases (ulcerative colitis, ileitis terminalis Crohn) and 2. patients with mainly neoplastic diseases of the colon or rectum. The patients of the first group suffer from their symptoms for a longer time and often want to undergo an operation. Although they have considerable personality changes in a neurotic sense they tolerate the operation better than the patients of the second group. These are suddenly confronted with the fact that an operation is necessary. The physician is confronted with depressive reactions of the patients. A satisfying relationship between the patient and his doctor has to be regarded as the basis of the treatment. Additional psychopharmacotherapy, special psychotherapeutic training or/and self-help-groups, e.g. the International Ostomy Association (IOA), can then be considered.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

[Psychosomatic studies of chronic prostatitis].

The psychosomatic aspects of chronic prostatitis, especially the differentiation of the so-called vegetative urogenital syndrome from chronic state of infection isn't sufficiently clarified. That's why a study of 34 non-selected adult males with symptoms of chronic prostatitis has been undertaken to establish the incidence of infective urological and psychological factors. With urological, bacteriological and radiological examinations we found 44% of the patients with infective-prostatitis, 18% with subvesical disorders and 38% without any pathological findings. Comparing the group of patients with and without pathological urological findings in psychodynamic and testpsychological (Giessen-Test) examinations we couldn't see any significant difference. On the other hand they showed a significant difference compared with a control group of patients suffering from neurotic and/or psychosomatic diseases. Nearly all of our 34 patients showed neurotic disorders irrespective of the urological findings. A special characteristic of their pathogene psychodynamic seems to be the problems in male identity according to internalized disturbed father image. We discussed these results according to psychodynamic and interactional factors of origin and maintenance on chronic prostatitis.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Life frustration in cardiovascular patients.

A different structure of values and life frustrations was observed in subjects with psychosomatic disease than in healthy subjects. The subjects with ischemic disease were affected mostly in the sphere of working and existential needs, whereas their family and social relations were not disturbed, and they were not frustrated in the sphere of material needs, either. On the other hand subjects with ulcer disease felt much more affected in social relations and in primary material needs.

Coronary Disease↗

PubMed1981

[Psychosomatic treatment of recurrent herpes simplex].

Psychological causes are often found to be responsible for the recurrence of herpes in clinical practice. This, and the fact that certain factors concerning recurrence itself are not clear, has led Terni to suggest that psychogenic factors are essential in determining the frequency and extent of such recurrences, and that without prejudice to its undoubtedly viral nature, recurrent herpes simplex may be regarded as a psychosomatic disease. The underlying criteria, practice, clinical progression and positive results obtained with psychotherapy and hypnosis in the treatment of 24 cases of recurrent herpes simplex are described in support of this view. The effectiveness of the method employed indicates that the hypothesis put forward is correct.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

[Hysterical psychoneurosis and its psychopathological and clinical limits].

The author's purpose in this paper is to delimit the clinical and psychopathological features of the hysterical psychoneurosis, correlating its symptoms (as characteristic of this neurosis) with the psychodynamic speculations of psychoanalysis. To achieve, this, the author starts by placing this disorder among the psychoneurosis as opposed to the actual neurosis and, within that group, among the transference neurosis, separating it, in that way, from the narcissistic and impulsive neurosis. The hysterical psychoneurosis is also distinguished from the fobic and the obsessive neurosis. The clinical picture of the hysterical psychoneurosis is then defined taking into account personality on one side and symptoms on the other. Dependence, sexual behavior disturbances, agressivity, effects of identification and repression are considered characteristics of this personality. Paroxistic symptoms, corporal and lasting symptoms and psychic syndromes are part of the hysterical symptoms. The author makes a clinical characterization of these phenomena as they are actually found. On this basis the author intends to distinguish hysteria from normality, from fobic and obsessive neurosis, from schizophrenic, manic-depressive and paranoic psychosis; from traumatic and actual neurosis and from psychosomatic diseases and epilepsy. He critically examines the validity of diagnostic-differential criteria and points to the overlapping with other pathologies, discussing in brief the theoretical and practical problems that those questions pose.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1980

[Psychoneurosis and drug abuse].

In a short communication addressed particularly to medical doctors, the Authors make a statement about the concepts of psychoneurosis and psychosomatic disease, taking into consideration the hypothesis of a psychopharmacological treatment. The Authors consider the drug as a complementary tool in the relationship between the doctor and the patient, useful in making easier the overcoming of the conflicts and as a coadjuvant in a strategy of both psychopharmacology and psychotherapy.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Parental overstimulation in asthma.

A discussion of "The Role of Primal Scene and Masochism in Asthma," by Cecilia Karol, M.D. The author presents case material corroborating Dr. Karol's hypotheses about the role of primal scene exposure and sadomasochistic fantasies in asthma and which documents the thesis that primal scene is a part of a global pattern of parental overstimulation which in the pregenital maturational phases establishes the predisposition to develop asthma. He further confirms Melitta Sperling's hypothesis that unconscious conflicts of the mother or father predispose a child to the development of psychosomatic disease and that specific parental habits and fantasies involving the lungs determine the choice of the respiratory system for symptom formation.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Documentation of psychosomatic and neurotic disorders (experience with the Heidelburg Symptom Diagnosis Register PSM-HD)].

A coding system for symptoms and diagnosis based on the ICD-Code is presented which is extended under psychological and psychosomatic veiwpoints and which comprises almost 200 codes of psychic (affective) and somatic complaints, psychic conflicts and types of personality. It is organised in two parts in that way, that the diagnosis of the symptoms and the diagnosis of the personality are recorded seperately. Counts on the different types of symptoms found in a sample of 1000 patients which came to a psychosomatic out-patient department in 1979 are represented. The anti-nosological attitude of the psychoanalysis is discussed and is seen as an impediment in the development of clinical practice with neurosis and psychosomatic diseases. The actually often contended symptom shifts, the increase of narcissistic disturbances, and borderlines can not be clarified without description of symptoms and terms, as well as many other questions without clarification of units of diseases. The anti-nosological attitude does not only hinder contacts with other medical subjects but also the further handling of the patient's body language, and that he can feel himself accepted and understood with his somatic symptoms. A descriptive approach to the complaints and symptoms of the patient is necessary as a first before a psychodynamic and development psychological deepening.

Humans↗

PubMed1995

[Psychotherapy in psychiatry (and in medicine in general)].

The author subscribes to the view that psychotherapy has an inalienable place in the bio-psycho-social model in psychiatry, and in medicine in general; psychotherapy makes up part of the plurality of therapeutic methods which is adequate to the stratification of being. The plurality of psychotherapeutic methods is, in turn, adequate to the diversity of problems encountered in mental and psychosomatic disease. Emphasis is laid of the psychotherapeutic aspects of psychiatric examination and on the importance of very short interviews in clinical practice. Future developments as regards the integration of psychotherapy into medicine, and professionalism in the field of psychotherapy remain to be open questions.

Humans↗

PubMed1995

[Recent progress in development of psychotropic drugs (1)--Anti-anxiety drugs].

Anti-anxiety drugs are widely used for patients with neurosis or psychosomatic diseases due to the stress of contemporary society. The high efficacy of benzodiazepine (BZD) or its analog, which contains diazepam, is well-known. While these compounds have strong anti-anxiety effects, it has recently been pointed out that they have some side effects when used as daytime tranquilizers and induce drug dependence. The cause of these side effects is thought to be that typical BZD is a full agonist of BZD receptors. For this reason, partial agonists, inverse agonists and antagonists of BZD receptors are being developed. Furthermore, some non-BZD anti-anxiety drugs are also being developed to avoid the side effects of BZD. One of these is a 5-HT1A agonist, which has a high affinity for 5-HT receptors, because it is reported that 5-HT is related to anxiety in the septum-hippocampus system. In addition, the anti-anxiety effect of 5-HT3 agonist is being investigated, while the anti-anxiety effect of cholecystokinin agonists is also attracting attention. Because these new anti-anxiety drugs are more potent and have fewer side effects than BZD, they may achieve widespread clinical use.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Results of training in communication skills at the First Medical School of Charles University in Prague].

Consistent with new trends in medical training the First Medical Faculty, Charles University Prague included in its curriculum of general medicine a mandatory programme devoted to communication skills. The main objective is to teach students to establish valuable contact with the patient and elucidate the problem presented by the patient. Another objective is to show the therapeutic potential of a well conducted interview. All hitherto trained students who attended the classes on communication skills acquired within the repertoire of skills used in discussions with patients the skill of a non-directive interview focused on elucidation of the problem on which the patient saw his doctor. It proved possible to demonstrate that integration of theoretical knowledge into practical procedures used in diagnosis, treatment and supportive psychotherapy of somatic and psychosomatic diseases and reactive conditions is a relatively demanding and long-term process which can be mastered during training which uses acting (simulated doctor, simulated patient) and feedback by videorecording.

Communication↗

PubMed1994

A Hebrew version of the Millon Behavioral Health Inventory: preliminary results--brief report. Rakenatti School of Nursing Students.

This study presents a personality questionnaire which was planned to be used with general hospital as well as with psychiatric patients. This questionnaire, the Millon Behavioral Health Inventory (MBHI), is aimed at characterizing the patient's coping style, as well as attitudinal and behavioral correlates with some frequent psychosomatic diseases and prognostic indices. A Hebrew version of the questionnaire was administered to 103 subjects, of whom 64 were medical (non-psychiatric) patients and 39 were healthy controls. The Israeli scores were fairly similar to the American norms presented by Millon and his collaborators. The reliability coefficients seem to be sufficient. The healthy subjects were distinguishable from the patients on the majority of the questionnaire's subscales. However, correlation with an external measure of stress failed to show the expected value. Overall, this study is preliminary. However, the results seem to support the need and usefulness of further research with this instrument.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗

PubMed1994

[Coping with depression: how do depressed patients manage their illness? Review of the literature].

In this review first of all and relating to the paradigm of salutogenesis some principles of coping research and some different aspects of the relation between depression and coping are discussed. A survey of studies on coping with depression is following. In this context conceptual and methodical issues are especially considered, which are in our opinion responsible for the fact, that psychic, particularly depressive disorders are--in comparison with somatic and psychosomatic diseases--so seldom object of empirical coping research. Finally some therapeutic conclusions are deducted from the presented data.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1994

[Techno-Stress; techno-centered and techno-phobia].

The "Techno-Stress" is a sociological new concept, hypothesized by Craig Brod and it includes clinically "Techno-Centered" and "Techno-Phobia". Based on 34 cases with mental disorders or psychosomatic diseases, we evaluated symptomatically these categories from standpoint of computer operating works. Fourteen cases represented severe problems in human relationship and they adapted excessively to computer operation. This group was thought as "Techno-Centered" and 50% of them were diagnosed as narcissistic, obsessive and schizophreniform personality. Twenty cases with maladaptation to computer operation were characterized as strict or avoidant personality and this group was evaluated as "Techno-Phobia". The "Techno-Phobia" was thought as simple adjustment disorder caused by new technology, on the other hand, the cases of "Techno-Centered" were seemed to be well-adapted to social skill only superficially, but psychological disturbance should be severer than "Techno-Phobia".

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Psychosomatic conditions of anorexia nervosa based on personal examinations].

Anorexia nervosa is a psychosomatic disease appearing with the eagerness of being attractive, the lack of one's own figure or fashion acceptation or the lack of the acceptation of the environment in which a person lives and learns. 6 12-18 year-old girls with anorexia nervosa have undergone a detailed analysis in our study. The disease has been diagnosed according American Psychiatric Association criteria. We has taken into consideration in our analysis: the place of living, if the girl is from full or broken family, school, education, activity in organizations and self estimation of our's own figure.

Adolescent↗