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PubMedDate not supplied

Communicating AIDS information to Hispanics: the importance of language and media preference.

Though Hispanics are the fastest-growing minority group in the United States and have a high cumulative incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), very little data are available concerning attitudes and beliefs concerning AIDS in this population. In January 1988, 216 Hispanics from three clinics in Oregon participated in a survey regarding AIDS information acquisition and knowledge. Overall, respondents reported receiving more information about AIDS from broadcast media such as television (42.6%) and radio (19.9%) and less from print media such as newspapers (18.5%) and pamphlets (17.6%). Respondents whose primary language was Spanish tended to have fewer information sources and relied relatively more on broadcast media than on print media. Though over 90% of the sample believed AIDS could be transmitted sexually, only 50% thought condoms could prevent transmission. Compared to primarily English speakers, respondents whose primary language was Spanish were more likely to believe that AIDS could be casually transmitted and less likely to believe that condoms could prevent transmission. This study suggests that more information delivered in an effective manner, both culturally and linguistically, is needed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Condom ads slated for TV.

3 CBS-owned television stations and NBC's New York television station announced yesterday that they would begin accepting condom advertising. In addition, the ABC network announced it will begin running a 30-second public service message with Dr. C. Everett Koop, the US surgeon general, saying that condoms are the best protection against sexual transmission of AIDS. CBS said it will allow the 4 television stations and 18 radio stations it owns to accept condom advertising based on the attitudes of the local viewing or listening community. WCBS-TV in New York, WCAU-TV in Philadelphia and KCBS-TV in Los Angeles said they would accept such ads. CBS also owns a television station in Chicago. WCAU will air condom ads after 11 p.m. only, beginning probably next week, said Paul Webb, a station spokesman. "We recognize the legitimate sensitivities of some members of the community in regard to this issue," said Steve Cohen, the WCAU general manager. "However, it is the judgment of this station that the importance of providing information about the AIDS epidemic and means of prevention is an overriding consideration." NBC's New York television station, WNBC, announced that it will accept condom advertising and public service announcements.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2001

Getting the message across: sun protection information in media weather reports in New Zealand.

AIMS: To assess the public reach, awareness, understanding and response to the burn time and the Ultra Violet Index (UVI) in media weather reports in New Zealand. METHODS: Data from a representative sample (n = 396), ages 16-44 years, were gathered over four consecutive summer weeks of 1999 via a random digit dialling telephone survey. Items collected included sources of weather reports and their frequency of use; knowledge, understanding, perception and use of the burn time and the UVI; sun-related beliefs, attitudes and behaviours. RESULTS: Exposure to weekend weather bulletins was sustained, and occurred mainly via television (83%) and radio (50%). There was greater awareness of the burn time than the more recent UVI (89% vs 43%). The UVI was less often used to guide sun protection actions (49% vs 63%) but better understood (94% vs 66%) and more often recalled along with sun protective messages (56% vs 32%) than the burn time. Few could describe the burn time or the UVI for the past Sunday. Self-perceived understanding of the burn time was higher than its measured, sub-optimal, comprehension (96% vs 65%). CONCLUSIONS: Further efforts are needed to promote the UVI, particularly on TV1 and on radio, and to reach younger adults and less educated groups. For a transition period, presentation of the burn time should be restricted to complementing the UVI. Thereafter, the UVI should become the standard indicator of UV level in New Zealand.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Family planning practices among currently married women in Khairpur District, Sindh, Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with family planning practices among currently married women in Khairpur District, Sindh, Pakistan. DESIGN: Cross-sectional community-based survey. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: From May to June 2000 in Khairpur District, Sindh. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to interview 300 subjects from the study area. Stratified cluster sampling was done to collect information on knowledge and use of family planning methods and other sociodemographic factors from the respondents. RESULTS: In this series 62% of the women were illiterate. Nearly 45% of the women were in the age group of 25-34 years. Exposure to family planning messages was greater by television (66%) than by radio (55%). The prevalence of family planning methods among married women was 27%. Oral contraceptive pills were the predominant method used (32%). Regarding sociodemographic factors, more than four living children, exposure to family planning messages on TV, and husband's approval were the main factors associated with the use of family planning methods. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of family planning is still low in upper Sindh area. In addition to continued use of mass media (television and radio), involvement of males should be incorporated in future family planning initiatives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The quality of media reports on discoveries related to human genetic diseases.

OBJECTIVES: To examine (1) the quality of media reports (newspapers, television and public radio) of genetic discoveries with medical relevance and (2) factors related to the completeness and balance of the stories. METHODS: Analysis of the accuracy, balance, and completeness of 228 media stories reporting 24 genetic discoveries between 1996 and 2000 using a previously validated instrument. RESULTS: Although usually accurate, the stories contained only 45.5 +/- 13.8% (mean +/- SD) of relevant items. Stories appearing on television and stories reporting discoveries of genes for rare diseases were the least complete. Stories in non-US English-speaking newspapers included more content items per word than US stories. Less balanced stories exaggerated the benefits of discoveries, ignored possible risks, and did not present a range of expert opinion. Scientists were sometimes the source of exaggeration. CONCLUSIONS: To increase the quality of media reports about genetic discoveries, stories should include more relevant items and be written by journalists skilled in science writing. Scientists will have to resist the tendency to exaggerate. These conclusions may apply to media stories of other discoveries as well.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Recruitment and baseline characteristics of participants in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial. DASH Collaborative Research Group.

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) was a randomized, multicenter feeding study designed to assess the effects of modifying dietary patterns on blood pressure. Among the most challenging aspects of conducting the DASH trial was the recruitment of participants at the 4 clinical centers. As part of the recruitment drive, 347,500 brochures were mailed, 250,500 coupons were distributed in coupon packs, 114 advertisements were published in newspapers or bulletins, 140 radio and 74 television advertisements were broadcast, and 68 screening events and presentations were conducted. These efforts yielded a total of 459 enrolled participants, ahead of schedule. The most common source of participants was mass mailing of individual brochures (n = 194, 42.3%), followed by word-of-mouth (n = 82, 17.8%), and then other types of mass mailing (n = 44, 9.6%). Recruitment of minority participants followed a similar pattern. Among the 3,192 persons attending the first in-person screening visit, the major reason for nonenrollment was low blood pressure (56%) rather than a diet-related factor. The study population was demographically heterogeneous (49% women, 60% African American, 48% married, and 77% employed full-time). On average, the diet of participants before the DASH feeding study was more similar to the trial control diet than to the combination diet, which reduced blood pressure more effectively. In summary, recruitment of a heterogeneous study population that includes a substantial number of minority participants is a feasible undertaking. However, the effort is considerable and requires a major commitment of resources.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of a mass media behavioral treatment for chronic headache: a pilot study.

This article presents the results of a pilot study evaluating the efficacy of a mass media self-help behavioral treatment program for chronic headache. The program consisted of a self-help textbook, an exercise book, 10 television programs, 11 radio programs, and 3 audiocassettes with relaxation training. Approximately 15,000 headache sufferers purchased the book and relaxation tapes. A random sample of 271 respondents participated in the effect study; the pretraining and posttraining data of 164 subjects were available for analysis. Multivariate testing of the pretraining and posttraining results showed highly significant reductions in headache activity and medication intake at 4-month follow-up. A reduction of 50% or more in headache parameters and medication intake was achieved by 40% to 60% of the patients. Work absenteeism was significantly reduced. The differences between the diagnostic groups were not significant. Mass media behavioral treatment seems to be a viable treatment alternative for chronic headache and highly promising in terms of gain in quality of life, decrease in economic loss, and cost-effectiveness in health care.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Stroke: does side matter?

Of 135 patients seen two weeks following a stroke and followed up for one year, 69 had a right hemiplegia and 66 left-sided weakness. Disturbance of the level of consciousness at the onset and confusion following the stroke were more common in those with right hemiplegia. Confusion, when present, improved more often in those with right hemiplegia. Neither severity nor functional outcome was associated with laterality. Elderly patients with right hemiplegia were more likely to be admitted to hospital, and of those admitted there were significantly more patients with a right hemiplegia admitted to general wards and of those with left hemiplegia to geriatric units. Radios, but not television, were more often used by those patients with left hemiplegia. Most bedside containers were placed on the patients right side irrespective of the side of the lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Attitudes to death: some historical notes.

Men have been talking of death from time immemorial - sometimes sublimely in prose and poetry, in painting and sculpture and in music - till silence seemed to fall in the recent past. Now men are again talking about death - interminably but colloquially. They talk on television, on the radio, in books and in pamphlets. Dr Kenneth Boyd therefore finds it entirely timely to offer this historical sketch of attitudes to death. The earlier part of his paper covers fairly familiar ground but his final and longest section on the work of a social historian, Philippe Ariès, may be new to many. Ariès is reinterpreting the long history of attitudes to death in a form which may well interest those who today are concerned with helping modern man to accept his own death - death which still, for most people, is the death of another, not of oneself.

Attitude to Death↗