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PubMedDate not supplied

Pre-eruptive intracoronal radiolucent defect: a case of a nonprogressive lesion.

Pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption or defect is an unusual radiolucency located in the dentin, just beneath the dentin-enamel junction of unerupted teeth. The pathogenesis of the phenomenon is unclear. The present case with a radiolucency that has not changed in its dimension over a period of almost 7 years, until tooth eruption, raises a question about the progressive nature of the defect that is defined as "resorption." Resorption may not be the sole explanation for a pre-eruptive intracoronal radiolucent defect. The authors also challenge the hypothesis of "local pressure" as a prime cause for the defect. The authors conclude that, when dealing with pre-eruptive intracoronal radiolucency in permanent teeth, a conservative approach with radiographic follow-up is the recommended treatment if the lesion does not seem to endanger the pulp. Intervention can be postponed until after tooth eruption when treatment does not require surgical intervention.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Occlusal caries detection: a comparison of DIAGNOdent and two conventional diagnostic methods.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were: 1) to compare the DIAGNOdent readings for the detection of caries on three different macroscopically sound and intact occlusal surfaces for the baseline measurement; and 2) to compare this laser device with visual and radiographic inspection. METHODOLOGY: Forty-five extracted premolars and molar human teeth were cleaned with a pumice slurry. Then 74 sites were defined and radiographs were taken from each one. Three examiners performed the examinations and took the DIAGNOdent measurements. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each diagnostic system, as well as intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility using Kappa tests. The cut-off point for visual and radiographic inspection was 1-2, and for the DIAGNOdent the manufacturer's instructions were followed. RESULTS: No statistical difference was found for the three predefined sound sites used for baseline measurements with DIAGNOdent. The visual inspection showed high sensitivity; radiographic inspection and DIAGNOdent measurements showed low sensitivity and high specificity. The highest intra- and inter-reproducibility was found with the DIAGNOdent. CONCLUSION: The thickness of the enamel did not have any effect on the readings with DIAGNOdent. It was concluded that in a low prevalence sample, the visual inspection provided the highest proportion of true disease identified correctly, and DIAGNOdent provided the highest proportion of non-disease identified correctly.

Bicuspid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Approximal carious lesion depth assessment with insight and ultraspeed films.

This study evaluated the efficiency of a new E/F-speed film, Insight, at the determination of approximal carious lesion depths compared with Ultraspeed. Radiographs of 80 extracted human molars and premolars were taken with both films under standardized conditions. The presence or absence of caries and depth of lesions was determined by three observers using a predetermined scale. The actual status of each surface was determined histologically. Observer responses were assessed with the Gamma measure of association test. Differences between the observers' agreement levels were not significant. The efficiency of Insight and Ultraspeed at true depth diagnosis was found to be 54.9%; 55.8% and Gamma values were found to be 0.883 and 0.922, respectively, at p<0.001. The difference between the two films was not statistically significant (p=0.852). This study suggested that there was no statistically significant difference between the two films at detecting the depths of approximal carious lesions.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1992

Changes in comprehensive dental care of the primary dentition from 1979 to 1989. I. Caries diagnosis and prevalence in a population treated at a university dental clinic.

The aim of the study was to monitor caries diagnosis and prevalence from 3 to 8 years of age in 199 children born in 1981, Cohort '81, and to compare the results with those of a similar investigation of 194 children born in 1971, Cohort '71. Cohort '71 was called annually for dental check-ups while Cohort '81 had prolonged check-up intervals. There was a significant difference between the two cohorts in the number of bite-wing exposures; a mean of 3.1 in Cohort '71 and 1.6 in Cohort '81. No bite-wings were taken in 1.1% of the children in Cohort '71 and in 9.5% of those in Cohort '81. At the age of eight years, caries diagnosis was supported by radiography in 76% of the children in both cohorts. In Cohort '71 proximal caries was diagnosed as manifest d-s when it was deeper than two-thirds of the enamel thickness and in Cohort '81, when a lesion had penetrated the enamel or was seen in the dentin. Manifest caries was diagnosed later in Cohort '81 than in Cohort '71. Cohort '81 showed an overall decline in occlusal caries while the distal surfaces of the first primary molars continued to be as vulnerable as in Cohort '71. The structure of the population and the preventive measures did not change but the caries prevalence was halved from 6.3 d-s in 1979 to 3.0 d-s in 1989 in 8-year-old children.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Periodontal conditions in Swiss Army recruits.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the oral hygiene and periodontal conditions of a young male population representative for Switzerland. 757 Swiss Army recruits were examined for their oral health status including the assessment of Plaque Index (PlI), Retention Index (RI) and Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI) as well as Probing Depth (PD) and Loss of Probing Attachment (LA). All the teeth of the right maxillary and mandibular dental arch were evaluated on four aspects. One recruit yielded a status of juvenile periodontitis and was excluded from further analysis. 2.3% of the teeth had been lost, mainly as a result of orthodontic therapy. Mean PlI and SBI for all 756 recruits approximated 0.6, while the mean RI was around 0.1. The mean PD was 2.3 mm, and the mean LA of 0.9 mm was measured. PD and LA were slightly higher on proximal than on buccal or oral aspects. Site specific analysis for all parameters are presented. Since only 0.4% of the recruits showed probing depths of greater than or equal to 5 mm and only 1% of the subjects showed LA greater than or equal to 4 mm on any surfaces it may be concluded that severe signs of chronic adult periodontitis are absent in 99% of young male Swiss citizens.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mesiodens in the primary dentition stage: a radiographic study.

Five hundred and forty-three Chinese patients in the primary dentition stage were evaluated for mesiodens with maxillary, anterior occlusal films. Compared with other studies, a higher prevalence was found, using different age-groups and diagnostic methods. The distributions of mesiodens by sex, location, and direction were also studied. Because mesiodens could interfere with normal development of the occlusion, especially in the early mixed dentition stage, early diagnosis, using appropriate radiographs during the primary dentition stage, could lead to more comprehensive treatment planning.

Child↗
PubMed2006

A one-year clinical evaluation of a high-viscosity glass ionomer cement in primary molars.

In this study one-year clinical results of high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (GIC) (Fuji IX, A3, GC, Japan) were determined in class I and class II restorations in 68 primary molars with occlusal or approximal caries. Following caries removal and cavity preparation, the teeth were restored with Fuji IX. The restorations were evaluated according to the U.S. Public Health Service's (USPHS) criteria at the end of one year. Statistical analyses of the data obtained were analyzed using the X2 test. The evaluations showed no statistically significant difference between class I and class II restorations in terms of the color mismatch, anatomic form, marginal adaptation, and secondary caries (P>0.05), but they were statistically significant with regard to cavosurface marginal discoloration (P<0.05). At the end of one year, the success rate of the class I and class II restorations of the primary molars restored with Fuji IX was 94%.

Child↗
PubMed2006

[Risk factors of alveolar bone loss of primary teeth].

OBJECTIVE: To study the risk factors of alveolar bone loss (ABL) of primary teeth in Chinese children. METHODS: Caries, restoration, food impact, pulp pathosis, calculus, and periodontal status were examined in 106 children aged 3-10 years old. Bite-wing radiographs of posterior teeth were scanned into computer. The distance from the cemento-enamel junction to alveolar bone crest was measured from the mesial surface of the first primary molar to the distal surface of the second primary molar using Adobe Photoshop 5.0 image analyzing system. ABL was recorded if the distance was more than 2 mm and the lamina dura was absent. All patients were divided into ABL group and non-ABL group. All data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0. RESULTS: Alveolar bone loss was found in 31 children (29%). Most of the affected areas were located at the proximal surface of primary molars. The mean of dmft and proximal dmft in ABL group were higher than those in non-ABL group (P < 0.01). Logistic regression also confirmed that proximal caries was high related factor. Inadequate restoration, and pulp pathosis were also related to alveolar bone loss in primary tooth. CONCLUSION: In children, alveolar bone loss was mainly associated with local factors such as proximal caries, inadequate restoration, and pulp pathosis. Caries and pulp pathosis might be treated in time. Children with bone loss should be re-examined regularly.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Association between childhood obesity and smooth-surface caries in posterior teeth: a preliminary study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if increased body mass index (BMI) is associated with an increased risk for dental caries. METHODS: Caries severity averages were calculated for a convenience sample of 178 children, ages 8 to 11 years, who participated in the University of Louisville Dental School-based dental treatment program "Smile Kentucky." Caries severity averages were then analyzed against the children's BMI, with gender and age used as covariates. RESULTS: The mean caries average for permanent molars significantly increased with increased BMI, even after adjusting for age and gender. The mean overall caries average did not vary significantly with patient age, BMI, or gender and may be due to confounding mixed dentition events such as eruption, extraction, variable teeth exfoliation, etc. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated body mass index is associated with an increased incidence of permanent molar interproximal caries.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

[Establishment and evaluation of a computer-based software system for detection of initial approximal caries].

OBJECTIVE: To establish and evaluate a computer-based software system (caries diagnosing system, CDS): CDS for better detection of initial approximal caries based on the performance of radiography. METHODS: A total of 190 approximal surfaces from 95 extracted posterior teeth were examined by bite-wing radiography. After analysing and extracting the approximal lesion's characteristics of X-ray performance, using Matlab and VC language, the CDS was established. Then the proximal surfaces of these teeth were detected automatically by CDS, and scored by naked eyes of 8 experienced dentists for the extent of lesions. The histological appearance of sectioned teeth was used as the gold standard to assess sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and reproducibility. RESULTS: The sensitivity of CDS was 0.728, Pearson's correlation was 0.722, better than that of optic estimation. The reproducibility of CDS was good too. CONCLUSIONS: The CDS can report the lesion site and extension, its diagnostic level is better than that of optic estimation, it is an reasonably sensitive and accurate method for the detection of initial approximal caries in present clinic practice, and a tool of providing objective data.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed2006

Avoiding perforations in endodontics.

PRECIS: While it will be impossible to eliminate all iatrogenic errors in endodontics, by focusing on key areas during the endodontic process, we can reduce the potential for problems for ourselves and our patients.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1991

Influence of tube voltage on radiographic diagnosis of caries in premolars and molars.

The influence of tube voltage on radiographic diagnosis of caries in extracted premolars and molars was examined. Five combinations of dental X-ray machines and kV-settings were used (Philips Oralix 65 kV; Siemens Heliodent EC 60 kV; Siemens Heliodent 70 kV; Soredex Minray DC 60 kV and 70 kV). The diagnostic accuracy was evaluated with the ROC-technique. The results showed no significant differences in the diagnostic accuracy between premolars and molars. However, the diagnostic accuracy tended to be better with low kilovoltage for radiography of premolars and high kilovoltage for radiography of molars.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1991

[Caries prevalence and gingival inflammation in recruits in 1985: the influence of prevention].

A total of 753 conscripts (age 20) examined in 1985 showed on average 8.6 DMF teeth upon clinical examination. When subjected to a standardized examination supplemented by bite-wing radiographs of the buccal segment, 0.5 MT, 4.2 DT and 5.4 FT equivalent to a DMFT of 10.1 were found. Three per cent of the subjects were caries-free (DFT = 0). Caries experience in anterior teeth DFS greater than 0) was diagnosed in 21% of the recruits but 85% of them had suffered dentinal caries or showed fillings on the bite-wing radiographs (DFS greater than 0). Among the total of 18.8 DF sites, 5 were D sites, and 83% of the D sites were dentinal radiolucencies in molars and premolars. An annual increase of 1.55 DFS was estimated for the age interval 15-20 years. Recruits from communities with preventive programs at school had 17.0 DFS (9.1 DMFT) while those from communities lacking organized prevention at school had 21.2 (11.3 DMFT). The recruits from the Canton of Vaud, who had benefited from a program of salt fluoridation, comprising salt for domestic use and for bakeries and restaurants, from 1970 to 1985, showed only 11.6 DFS (7.1 DMFT). There was less gingival bleeding and calculus in recruits from the Canton of Zurich where supervised toothbrushing has been carried out 4 to 6 times a year since 1963/64 at least through school-grades 1-6 than in the remaining recruits.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Deviations of the central ray in standardized bite-wing radiographs].

Interpretation of serial radiographs without sufficient information of projection geometry is hardly possible. We obtained 51 pairs of bite-wing radiographs in 12 patients by use of a modified filmholder (Duckworth et al. 1983). Two orthodontic wires of different profile, placed coaxially on the perpendicular, cast shadows on the film, which were differentiated by their respective shape. By placing each wire a known distance from the film plane, the angular difference between the perpendicular to the film and the actual direction of the central ray could be calculated. In 63% of pairs the angular deviation of the central rays between the serial exposures was below 0.9 degrees. The results of the present study show that utilization of this type of device can provide radiographs of sufficient quality to allow their use in image subtraction.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Radiographic analysis of normal periodontal tissues].

The present study was designed to investigate the roentgenographic manifestations of clinically healthy periodontal tissues in two sample groups. One group consisted of dry skulls of 4 young subjects who had been reportedly healthy during lifetime. The other group included 31 healthy students aged 16-25 years. A set of 7 standardized bite-wing radiographs were taken in each mouth. 4x magnified photos were developed for measurement and assessment. The interproximal alveolar bone level (BC-CEJ distance) was determined by measuring the distance from the lowest point of alveolar bone crest to the imaginary line connecting the two CEJs of the adjacent teeth. Both the radiographic signs of lamina dura and of the PDL space were graded to compose Lamina Dura Index (LDI) and periodontal ligament space index (PDLI). It is found that the average distance of BC to CEJ in periodontally healthy subjects is from 0.62 to 1.67 mm. Radiographic signs such as disappearance of lamina dura on the alveolar bone crest, wedge-shaped widening of the periodontal ligament space at the bone crest are not uncommonly seen in clinically healthy periodontal sites. The frequency of these signs on teeth with normal periodontium and their distribution on tooth sites were also presented and discussed.

Adolescent↗