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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of severe adnexal disease in tubal reconstructive surgery.

Fifty two consecutive women underwent microsurgical reconstruction of the tubes. Thirty one percent conceived and 19% delivered live infants. Medical history suggestive of pelvic infection was obtained in 44% of the women. Fifty four percent had extensive, coarse and fibrous adhesions. Tubal reconstruction in these patients did not yield any pregnancies. Severity of the adnexal disease should be evaluated before attempted tubal reconstructive surgery. Women with severe adnexal damage should be referred to in vitro fertilization.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1983

Diagnosis and treatment of salpingitis.

The diagnosis of acute salpingitis no longer requires the patient to have fever, bilateral adnexal tenderness and/or swelling, leukocytosis and an elevated sedimentation rate. New criteria have been formulated. There is increasing awareness of the potential role of Chlamydia and increasing use of antibiotics effective against that organism.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Surgical treatment for salpingo-oophoritis patients.

In the past, the established methods of surgical treatment for salpingo-oophoritis were extraperitoneal drainage of a pelvic abscess or total abdominal and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Increasing awareness of the role of anaerobic bacteria and changes in antibiotic-prescription patterns have modified the clinical response of some patients. In patients with a unilateral tuboovarian abscess, unilateral removal of the adnexa suffices.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Pelvic actinomycosis associated with use of intrauterine device: a new challenge for the surgeon.

Pelvic actinomycosis associated with the use of an intrauterine device (IUD) is a recently recognized combination. The usual manifestation of the disease are those of mild pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in a woman who uses an IUD. The disease is easily recognized on Papanicolaou-stained cervicovaginal smears. Early treatment involves removal of the IUD and administration of penicillin. Rarely, the disease may be serious and may require drainage of intra-abdominal abscesses, hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy, or both. The second known death from pelvic actinomycosis associated with use of an IUD is reported.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pelvic actinomycosis and usage of intrauterine contraceptive devices.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is one of the most commonly encountered serious infectious disease entities in gynecology. The past decade has witnessed many advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of PID. It is now evident that such pelvic infections are largely polymicrobial in origin, with major involvement by anaerobic organisms. Salpingo-oophoritis is a part of the spectrum of PID. Included among this group of infections are tubo-ovarian abscesses, traditionally referred to as either gonococcal or non-gonococcal in origin. Within the latter group of infections the importance of anaerobic organisms has also been elucidated. Of particular interest is the reported observation of an increased frequency of salpingo-oophoritis among users of intrauterine devices (IUDs). These reports have noted the specific occurrence of serious pelvic infections due to Actinomyces species, and this will be the topic of the infectious disease conference. Our patient presented with a chronic illness characterized by lethargy, back pain, fever, and anemia; subsequently evaluation disclosed the presence of a large pelvic mass which was confirmed as a tubo-ovarian abscess at surgery. Histological evaluation demonstrated involvement by Actinomyces species. This patient's illness is discussed as a complication of chronic IUD usage with reference to specific management for this emerging problem.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology and control of sexually transmitted diseases in developing countries.

The knowledge of the epidemiology of STD in the developing world had increased considerably during the last decade. This better understanding combined with the emergence of the epidemic of a new fatal STD (HIV) encouraged health planners to define appropriate effective and feasible STD control strategies. Major progress has been made with regard to the primary prevention and optimal case management of STD, both in terms of strategies and feasibility of implementation in field conditions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rapid sexually transmitted disease assessment in two developing countries.

Two rapid assessment studies of the magnitude of sexually transmitted disease (STD) were performed in Senegal and Uganda in 1989 and 1990. The study objectives were: to develop and validate STD indicators for the "rapid" assessment of the frequency of STD in populations; and to develop a standardized survey methodology to assess STD prevalence using these indicators. The World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO), and Senegal and Ugandan government officials desired a product similar to the WHO/UNICEF immunization coverage survey instrument, which is an accepted and proven methodology, implemented by national programs and donors worldwide. Three indicators were used: 1) past or present signs of selected STD; 2) symptoms as noted by a clinician; and 3) simple laboratory tests performed and results obtained at examination. Each indicator was validated against a confirmatory laboratory test considered the gold standard in indicating the presence or absence of an STD. Male military members, women seeking prenatal care, and female prostitutes were the three population groups chosen. With the exception of the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test for syphilis, symptoms, signs, and simple laboratory tests failed to accurately predict STD in individuals in all three of these population groups. Indicators for the major STD other than syphilis among populations not seeking STD care will have to be the "gold standard laboratory tests" until easy-to-perform and low-cost alternatives are found.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1993

Sexually transmitted diseases in the age of AIDS.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are common illnesses in the world. There is at least one new sexually transmitted disease consultation for every 100 persons a year in industrialised countries. Today the World Health Organisation estimates that there are 250 million new cases of STD every year world-wide, and over 20 distinct pathogens are currently recognised. While the overall incidence of STD have remained high in industrialised countries, the rates of increase of many bacterial STD such as syphilis and gonorrhoea were beginning to stabilise; but currently there is again a trend for these bacterial STD to rise in urban populations.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1998

STD and HIV screening in general practice: a survey related to termination of pregnancy in south Thames.

It has been recommended that screening for sexually transmitted disease (STDs) be carried out at the time of termination of pregnancy to allow prevention of post-abortion infection. Screening offers the opportunity to treat an infected woman and prevent serious complications following the termination procedure. Our findings indicate that general practitioners (GPs) in South Thames did not routinely carry out screening and few realized it took place at referral centres.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1998

Cost of providing sexually transmitted disease services in Bangkok.

OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this study was to assess the economic costs of sexually transmitted disease (STD) treatment and to identify opportunities for sustaining Bangkok's STD clinics. DESIGN: A cost analysis was used to assess the resources required to provide (i) STD services, (ii) additional services at STD clinics during the evening, and (iii) outreach activities with commercial sex workers. The cost analysis included a review of opportunities to increase sustainability through cost recovery and institutional restructuring. RESULTS: The study revealed that the cost of providing services does differ significantly across the five clinics analysed, with recurrent costs of day-clinic STD care varying from US$13-37 per patient reached. An analysis of expanded evening hours at STD clinics suggested that an investment of US$62 000 per year allowed an additional 2000 patients to receive STD treatment and that evening hours appear to offer greater convenience to patients. It was also found that outreach activities initiated by the STD clinics and carried out in brothels have been used inexpensively (US$0.20 per woman reached) to reach commercial sex workers with critical information on STDs, including HIV. An analysis of opportunities for cost recovery at public STD clinics indicated that although some resources can be recovered, government support will continue to be required. The cost recovery option believed to be most feasible for promoting sustainability was a proposed charge of US$2-4 for STD clinic attenders. This charge was projected to allow each clinic to recover between 11% and 22% of their recurrent costs. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that there are numerous opportunities for promoting the financial sustainability of STD services at public clinics. It was also concluded that the existing outreach program is extremely inexpensive and is reaching people who are in need of the services that are being offered. However, this study was not able to determine if it would be worthwhile to reopen public STD clinics during evening hours.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1998

Bacterial infection and endotoxin in female reproductive tract in rats: correlation with the developmental status of preimplantation embryos.

During mammalian preimplantation development, a substantial numbers of embryos are believed to be lost for reasons that are unclear. Using female rats, we investigated whether the developmental status of embryos is influenced by bacterial infection and endotoxin in the reproductive tract. From the vagina of cycling rats (n = 11), 21 bacterial isolates were identified; they were Streptococcus faecalis (S. faecalis; 38%), Escherichia coli (E. coli; 19%), Acinetobactor calcoaceticus (A. calcoaceticus; 14%), and coagulase negative staphylococcus (14%), Micrococcus sp. (5%), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis; 5%) and Proteus vulgaris (P. vulgaris; 5%). From the vagina of day 4 pregnant rats (n = 12), 26 isolates were identified; they were S. faecalis (23%), A. calcoaceticus (23%), E. coli (15%), Micrococcus sp. (15%), B. subtilis (8%), P. vulgaris (4%), Staphylococcus aureus (4%), beta-hemolytic streptococcus (4%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%). Gram negative bacteria found in the vagina of cycling and day 4 pregnant rats were 38% and 46%, respectively. In both, bacterial load was 10(3)-10(5) colony forming units and there was no association with the abnormality of the recovered embryos. However, in two day 4 pregnant animals, pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and beta-hemolytic streptococcus) were isolated and embryos recovered from them were degenerated and deformed. The vagina of day 9 pregnant animals (n = 7) were, however, sterile. Consistently, in all animals, the upper reproductive tract (uterus and oviduct) was devoid of any bacteria and no anaerobic bacteria were isolated from any part of the tract. The levels of endotoxin in the vagina of cycling and day 4 pregnant rats were 1.35 +/- 0.1 and 1.17 +/- 0.1 endotoxin units (EU), respectively. It was undetectable in the oviduct and uterus of all animals (n = 5) except one which showed high levels of endotoxin in uterus (4.5 EU) and oviduct (2.2 EU) and the animal also produced degenerated and deformed embryos. These results indicate that common bacterial flora of vagina may not affect embryo development and the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the vagina and/or endotoxin in reproductive tract could be detrimental to viability of gametes and preimplantation embryos in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

First coitus before menarche and risk of sexually transmitted disease.

The prevalence of sexually transmitted disease (STD), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and cervical cancer, and the relation between these conditions were studied in 2111 Ethiopian women. Early sexual activity was associated with an increase in prevalence rates of STD and PID; possible aetiological factors include physical and immunological immaturity of the female genital tract and the number of sexual partners.

Adolescent↗