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Results for “Spinal Neoplasms”

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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

A novel human osteoblast-derived severe combined immunodeficiency mouse model of bone metastasis.

OBJECT: One of the major difficulties of conducting bone metastasis research is the lack of adequate models for studying the bone-tumor microenvironment. The limitations of current in vivo models include the following: non-human tumor or bone, variable reproducibility, limited supply, and an inability to be easily manipulated. The objective of the present study was to develop a uniform and reproducible model of bone/spine metastasis by utilizing bone derived from human osteoblasts grown subcutaneously in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice with subsequent introduction of human carcinoma cell lines. METHODS: Human osteoblasts were serially passed in culture and induced to differentiate into mature osteoblasts. They were subsequently loaded on hydroxyapatite-coated collagen sponges and implanted subcutaneously into the SCID mice. After allowing the bone to mature for 8 weeks, tumor cell suspensions were implanted percutaneously into the bone. The bone-tumor complexes were subsequently harvested, decalcified, and prepared for histological examination. CONCLUSIONS: The authors have developed a novel, reproducible SCID mouse model of bone/spine metastasis by using bone derived from human osteoblasts and subsequently introduced human tumor lines. They believe this model will be useful for studying the basic biology of bone metastases.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Metastatic carcinoma of the prostate with hypercalcemia.

A patient presented with advanced cancer of the prostate and underwent bilateral orchiectomy. After 2 years, hypercalcemia developed and was managed successfully with saline diuresis, furosemide, and oral glucocorticoid therapy. It is believed that the patient's hypercalcemia was caused by a metabolic complication of progressive, advanced disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

Diagnostic evaluation of low back pain with emphasis on imaging.

PURPOSE: To review evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of clinical information and imaging for patients with low back pain in primary care settings. DATA SOURCE: MEDLINE search (January 1966 to September 2001) for articles and reviews relevant to the accuracy of the clinical and radiographic examination of patients with low back pain. STUDY SELECTION: The authors reviewed abstracts and selected articles for review on the basis of a combined judgment. Data on the clinical examination were based primarily on recent systematic reviews; data on imaging tests were based primarily on original articles. DATA EXTRACTION: Diagnostic results were extracted by one or the other author. Quality of methods was evaluated informally. Major potential biases were identified, but neither quantitative data extraction nor scoring was done. DATA SYNTHESIS: Formal meta-analysis was not used because the diagnostic hardware and software, gold standards, and patient selection methods were heterogeneous and the number of studies was small. Sensitivity for cancer was highest for magnetic resonance imaging (0.83 to 0.93) and radionuclide scanning (0.74 to 0.98); specificity was highest for magnetic resonance imaging (0.9 to 0.97) and radiography (0.95 to 0.99). Magnetic resonance imaging was the most sensitive (0.96) and specific (0.92) test for infection. The sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance imaging for herniated discs were slightly higher than those for computed tomography but very similar for the diagnosis of spinal stenosis. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest a diagnostic strategy similar to the 1994 Agency for Health Care Policy and Research guidelines. For adults younger than 50 years of age with no signs or symptoms of systemic disease, symptomatic therapy without imaging is appropriate. For patients 50 years of age and older or those whose findings suggest systemic disease, plain radiography and simple laboratory tests can almost completely rule out underlying systemic diseases. Advanced imaging should be reserved for patients who are considering surgery or those in whom systemic disease is strongly suspected.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Right lumbo-crural sciatica due to a vertebral osteochondroma].

The above case-report is about unilateral lumbar-crural-sciatalgie which has led to the finding of a spinal tumour situated within the articular block on the right side of the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae. The clinical picture produced by this slowly growing tumour was that of spinal root compression which has called for its surgical removal. Histological examination of the tumour revealed an osteochondroma, the original aspects of which lie in its localization, the presenting symptoms, the age of the patients an in its course.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Cystic lymphangioma in the head and neck region].

Cystic lymphangioma or hygroma (CL) is a rare benign pathology of the lymphatic system characterized by multiple cystic, often non-communicating concamerations. Such lesions are most often seen in infancy and in 80% of the cases they appear within the first two years of life. They arise most commonly in the neck. CL usually tends to grow slowly and rarely regresses spontaneously. Infection and/or hemorrhage can lead to a rapid increase in size, possibly obstructing the initial portion of the upper aero-digestive tract. In the present study four patients (age range 12 months to 21 years) with head and neck CL, two with parotid primary site, were observed and treated by surgery. The lesions were studied using such imaging techniques as the color Doppler, CT and NMR. The latter permitted accurate pre-operative staging which is essential to defining and "mapping" the individual cystic concamerations. Surgery gave good results in 3 cases while in one case of multiple recurrences repeated post-operative sclerotherapy proved necessary leading to a partial reduction in the lesion. Despite the fact that numerous therapeutic options have been presented over the years, most authors today agree that the treatment of choice in cases of CL is surgery. Preparation for surgery must include accurate study with NMR, an indispensable technique for such pathologies as the T2 weighted sequences give very precise mapping. Surgical exeresis should be selective for the lesion while preserving the adjacent vascular-nervous structures.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A migrated lumbar disc herniation simulating a dumbbell tumor.

We report a case of a migrated lumbar disc hemiation, which on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) simulated a dumbbell tumor in a 44-year-old woman who had severe pain in her right buttock and leg. A large epidural mass mimicking a dumbbell tumor was detected at the L5 vertebral level by MRI and computed tomography over myelography. Surgical fenestration of the L4/L5 interlaminar space revealed a dorsolateral epidural mass connected to the L5/S1 intervertebral disc extending laterally through the right L5/S1 intervertebral foramen. Histologically, it was degenerative disc material without active inflammation. Reevaluation of the MRI suggested some clues that might be useful in differentiating such a herniated disc from an epidural tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Use of contrast in MR imaging of the lumbar spine.

Gadolinium chelates are often useful in sorting out different causes of lower back pain and lumbar radiculopathy. Gadolinium is particularly useful, for example, in distinguishing recurrent disc herniation from epidural scarring in the postoperative spine. Enhancement can demonstrate nerve roots in viral or inflammatory conditions (e.g., cytomegalovirus or Guillain-Barré syndrome), and define compression resulting from herniated discs or spiral stenoses. Gadolinium enhancement also is useful in diagnosing tumors in the intramedullary space (e.g., conus ependymoma), in the extramedullary space (e.g., drop metastases, meningioma, schwannoma), and extradural space (e.g., extraosseus extension of osseus metastases or infections).

Cicatrix↗
PubMed1999

Giant cell tumor of the thoracic spine simulating mediastinal neoplasm.

A case of giant cell tumor of the thoracic spine simulating mediastinal neoplasm was identified on plain films, CT scans, MR images, and with scintigraphy. CT showed a hypervascular soft-tissue mass with shell-like calcification in the right upper mediastinum. MR imaging showed a collapse of the T1 vertebral body and a mass extending to the mediastinum. The mass had a low signal on T1-weighted MR images and a predominantly high signal on T2-weighted images with heterogeneity. Technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy showed intense uptake in both the T1 and marginal parts of the mediastinal mass. There was no accumulation of gallium-67 citrate, but 18-fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed marked uptake. The variation in these imaging findings played an important role in the differential diagnosis of this uncommon mediastinal mass.

Adult↗