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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[An experimental study on demineralization of several beverages on bovine enamel].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the demineralization effects of several beverages on bovine enamel. METHODS: The concentration of calcium and phosphate in these beverages were measured by using EL 312e Micro-Plate after the bovine enamel was exposed to beverages for a period of 7 days. RESULTS: The data indicated that almost all of these beverages could cause demineralization of bovine enamel, except mineral water, and the concentration of calcium and phosphate in these beverages changed after the bovine enamel was exposed to beverages. There were great significant differences in demineralization abilities among different beverages (P < 0.01). The concentration of calcium and phosphate in beverages also changed with time (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: All these beverages, except mineral water have erosive effects on bovine enamel. Demineralization degree varied with kinds of beverages. The fruit juice has the highest erosive effect on the enamel, and the calcium milk has the lowest erosive effect on the bovine enamel, when comparing with other beverages.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Effect of fluoridated dentifrice and acidulated phosphate fluoride application on early artificial carious lesions.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of a combination of fluoride dentifrice and acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) on enamel with incipient caries lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bovine dental enamel blocks with artificial caries lesions were divided into four treatment groups and submitted to a pH-cycling model: (1) Placebo non-fluoridated dentifrice (PD); (2) Fluoridated dentifrice (FD), 1,100 ppm F; (3) APF (12,300 ppm F, pH 3.5) + PD; 4) APF+FD. APF was applied to enamel blocks of groups APF+PD and APF+FD before the pH-cycling regimen and all of them were exposed to dentifrice during the cycling. RESULTS: The results showed that 61-81% of the fluoride previously deposited in enamel by APF was released to the media during the pH-cycling. The final concentration of fluoride in enamel in the group APF+PD was lower than that before the cycling (P < 0.05), but in the group APF+FD the reduction was not significant (P> 0.05). FD treatment was significantly more efficient than PD in rehardening the enamel surface and increasing the hardness of the caries lesions. APF+PD treatment was not more efficient than PD in increasing enamel hardness and an additive effect of APF+FD was not observed.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A chewing gum with mineral additives].

Finely dispersed hen egg shell was added to a new chewing gum as a mineral component. The studies carried out in 28 schoolchildren have shown that 15 min chewing of this gum results in a marked elevation of salivary Ca levels and in improvement of the hygienic status of the oral cavity. This fact recommends this chewing gum as an additional means for care of the oral cavity for both hygienic purposes and for improving the mineralizing potential of the saliva.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Treatment of intrabony pockets with Emdogain: results at 36 months.

This study reports the results obtained 36 months after treating deep periodontal defects with amelogenins. Results at 12 months have already been published. Sixteen of 21 patients completed the 3-year recall program. This study confirms after 3 years the results obtained at 1 year: Probing pocket depth decreased from 7.87 +/- 2.03 mm to 2.93 +/- 2.19 mm; recession increased from 2.20 +/- 1.42 mm to 2.93 +/- 1.87 mm; and attachment level decreased from 10.07 +/- 2.28 to 5.87 +/- 2.59 mm. No statistically significant difference was found between the data collected at 12 and 36 months. The standardized radiographs, digitized and analyzed with purpose-developed software, did not show any appreciable increase in bone volume, but only improved mineralization of the preexisting bone after 3 years using Emdogain without grafts.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The diagnosis and control of extrinsic acid erosion of tooth substance.

As modern societies increase their acidic food and beverage consumption, erosive tooth wear is an increasing cause of tooth destruction among young people. The primary causes can be exacerbated by xerostomia, which can be induced by dehydration, several systemic diseases, or any of a number of drugs. Initial preventive treatments are directed at eliminating extrinsic acids, reducing xerostomia and other co-factors, and increasing teeth's resistance to acid. Initial restorative treatments should be conservative, using adhesive materials. Treatment of advanced tooth tissue loss is difficult; preventive management is emphasized.

Beverages↗
PubMed2004

Effect of fluoride/essential oils-containing mouthrinse on the microhardness of demineralized bovine enamel.

PURPOSE: To assess the ability of a fluoride mouthrinse containing a fixed combination of essential oils (thymol, menthol, eucalyptol, and methyl salicylate) to inhibit demineralization as compared with that of a clinically established NaF rinse. METHODS: Inhibition in sound bovine enamel to demineralization was assessed utilizing a cyclic T/R/D (treatment/remineralization/demineralization) in vitro model where Knoop microhardness was monitored over 6, 12, and 18 T/R/D cycles. RESULTS: Both fluoride-containing mouthrinses resulted in statistically significant increase in microhardness when compared to the non-fluoride control mouthrinse, possibly demonstrating and validating the in vitro model's ability to parallel the clinically established benefit of a 0.022% NaF rinse to inhibit demineralization. In addition, the test formulation was shown to be "at least as good as" the NaF positive control in increasing enamel microhardness following each of the 6, 12, and 18 T/R/D cycles.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

Dental erosion: part 2. The management of dental erosion.

Dental erosion is an important cause of tooth tissue loss in both children and adults. An earlier article (Mahoney and Kilpatrick, 2003) discussed the prevalence and causes of dental erosion. This second article will discuss the management of this condition which is often complicated by the multifactorial nature of tooth wear. Management of dental erosion can be considered in three phases: immediate, interim and long-term. Immediate management includes the early diagnosis of dental erosion, recording the status of the disorder at baseline and implementing appropriate preventive strategies including those aimed at reducing the acidic exposure as well as those that attempt to increase an individual's resistance to erosive tooth tissue loss. Interim and long-term treatment includes the provision of temporary diagnostic restorations, ongoing monitoring of disease progression, definitive restorative work where appropriate, and modification and reinforcement of preventive advice. Each phase will be discussed in light of current evidence.

Beverages↗
PubMed2004

Amorphous calcium phosphates for tooth mineralization.

The destruction of tooth structure through caries and erosive processes is due to two types of acidic challenges that affect the tooth in different ways. Acidic attack by cariogenic bacteria initially produces subsurface lesions that weaken the enamel and, if left unchecked, can progress through the enamel and dentin and eventually into the pulpal cavity. Erosive attack by acidic foods and beverages removes mineral from the surface of enamel and initially causes dulling and loss of tooth luster; if left unchecked, it can progress to a more severe loss of enamel thickness and contour. This article focuses on the potential means of improving the cosmetic appearance of teeth by depositing mineral into surface defects. Several approaches use the unique properties of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) compounds, which have the highest rates of formation and dissolution among all the calcium phosphates. ACP has been shown to rapidly hydrolyze to form apatite, similar to carbonated apatite, the tooth mineral. Products containing ACP or ingredients that form ACP can include toothpastes, mouth rinses, artificial saliva, chewing gums, topically applied coatings, and other vehicles for topical use. When applied, they readily precipitate ACPs on and into tooth-surface defects. These products hopefully will provide users with new tools to restore and enhance the smoothness and luster of their teeth.

Calcium Phosphates↗
PubMed2004

Enamel mineralization by calcium-containing-bicarbonate toothpastes: assessment by various techniques.

Surface defects such as scratching, acidic erosion, and natural dimpling of the tooth enamel can significantly affect its cosmetic appearance. There are many analytical techniques that can be used to view the surface of enamel and to assess the effect of surface treatments. Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), profilometry, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) can usefully be applied to viewing mineral surfaces and obtaining information about surface morphology and smoothness. Energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence and other surface-ionizing techniques can give information about surface chemistry. Microhardness instrumentation can be used to determine surface hardness, while gloss meters and reflectometry can provide measurements of gloss and whiteness. In this study, four sets of in vitro experiments were performed, which illustrate the value of three of these techniques. Specially formulated calcium-containing toothpastes, designed to fill in surface defects in tooth enamel, were evaluated in four experiments for their ability to effect cosmetic improvements in etched tooth enamel: (1) two calcium-containing, sodium-bicarbonate-based toothpaste formulations were shown by SEM to smooth tooth enamel without introducing new scratches. In contrast, a commercial whitening toothpaste removed similar scratches but also created new ones; (2) calcium-containing dentifrices were shown by SEM and hardness measurements to put mineral onto the surface of enamel and to harden it. The effects of uneven dispensing of the two-phase, bicarbonate-based, calcium-containing formulation were shown to be small; (3) a number of different calcium-containing toothpastes were shown by SEM to deliver mineral onto the etched enamel surfaces, whereas a conventional fluoride toothpaste did not; and (4) AFM was used to follow the smoothing of an etched enamel surface after serial treatments with a calcium-containing, bicarbonate-based toothpaste. After 15 in vitro cycles, surface roughness was reduced by more than 50% and peak height was reduced by about two thirds. The results illustrate the effectiveness of the three analytical techniques and show that the calcium-containing toothpastes can deposit mineral into enamel surface deformities under a wide variety of conditions and from a wide variety of formulas.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed2004

Intraoral evaluation of mineralization of cosmetic defects by a toothpaste containing calcium, fluoride, and sodium bicarbonate.

New dual-phase fluoride toothpastes that contain soluble calcium, phosphate, and baking soda have recently been introduced into the market. These toothpastes are designed to fill in small surface defects in tooth enamel and thereby enhance tooth esthetics such as gloss. This two-part study was designed to assess these superficial mineralizing effects from using one of these products compared with an experimental calcium-containing, bicarbonate-free formulation and a conventional fluoride toothpaste using an intraoral model. Enamel specimens with 4 types of defects were mounted into an intraoral appliance and placed in the mouths of volunteers for 1 month. The four types of defects were whitening toothpaste abrasion, coarse abrasion, natural dimpling, and acid etching. Before and after intraoral exposure, scanning electron microscope photographs of the specimens were made. The surface microhardness of the acid-etched specimens also was determined. The volunteers brushed their specimens twice daily with one of three randomly assigned toothpastes. The toothpastes were a two-phase, calcium-containing, bicarbonate-based toothpaste; an experimental, two-phase, calcium-containing, bicarbonate-free toothpaste; and a conventional toothpaste. Only the calcium-containing toothpastes showed unequivocal signs of mineral deposition into surface defects, leading to smoothing of the enamel. All three products significantly increased the hardness of the etched enamel, presumably because of fluoride. However, only the two calcium-containing toothpastes gave significantly greater hardness increases than the conventional toothpaste; the specimens treated with a conventional toothpaste were indistinguishable from those treated with saliva.

Calcium↗
PubMed2004

Clinical efficacy evaluation of calcium, phosphate, and sodium bicarbonate on surface-enamel smoothness and gloss.

This clinical study evaluated the effectiveness of a fluoride dentifrice containing calcium, phosphate, and sodium bicarbonate for improving surface-enamel smoothness and gloss relative to a commercially available fluoride and silica-containing dentifrice. Balancing for baseline surface-enamel roughness and gloss, 113 healthy adult volunteers who met the inclusion criterion for daily acidic drink consumption were randomized to receive 1 of the 2 products. Subjects brushed their teeth using the assigned dentifrice and a soft-bristled adult toothbrush for 1 minute twice daily for 3 months. Surface-enamel roughness and gloss were evaluated at baseline and after 1 and 3 months of brushing twice daily. Within-treatment comparisons showed longitudinal improvement by the test dentifrice in tooth-surface roughness and gloss at the 1-month and 3-month examinations. After 3 months of use, the test dentifrice exhibited a highly significant improvement in gloss (23.4%, P < .0001) and surface roughness (13.7%, P < .0001) over baseline. The control dentifrice showed no significant improvement longitudinally in either parameter. Between-group comparisons adjusted for baseline demonstrated a significantly (P < .0001) greater improvement in tooth-surface roughness and gloss for the test dentifrice. The results indicate that the fluoride dentifrice containing calcium, phosphate, and sodium bicarbonate is effective in improving tooth-surface smoothness and gloss with regular use.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Root caries.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dental Caries Susceptibility↗
PubMed2005

Cytotoxicity of a new toothpaste based on an ion exchange resin mixture.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects for cytotoxicity of two dentifrices: a toothpaste commercially available (Crest Extra-Whitening toothpaste) and a new experimental toothpaste based on a mixture of ion-exchange resins (named NMTD) that supplies calcium, fluoride, phosphate and zinc ions. METHODS: Cultures of mouse fibroblasts cells L929 were used in a MTT assay for in vitro cytotoxicity of the dentifrices. Cells were cultured in Eagle's minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Cultures were incubated at 37 degrees C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 and collected by tripsinization (0.05% trypsin/0.5mM EDTA). A 96-well microplate method was employed for the MTT colorimetric assay. Positive control consisted of 10 microl of phenol in 5 ml of 6% media, a dose that produces zero percent cell survival. Negative control was prepared by adding 0.5 ml of HBSS to 4.5 ml of 6% media. The plates were incubated for 24 and 48 hours at 37 degrees C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. RESULTS: Means and standard deviations of absorbance values for each group and percentage inhibitory dosage (%ID) for each test material were calculated. None of the dentifrices resulted in a percentage of inhibition higher than 50% and did not observe marked increases in cytotoxicity with time of incubation. The positive control gave almost zero percent cell survival, whereas the negative control gave a hundred percent cell survival. Analysis of the results indicated that test dentifrice dose had no significant effect towards the cell viability (P<0.05).

Animals↗
PubMed2006

New directions in dentistry.

What an exciting time to be in dentistry! The ongoing changes are enormous in quantity. The variety of procedures is overwhelming! The continuing entry of new technology into the profession is stimulating, if not daunting. The public need and demand for dental services is at an all-time high! However-keep in mind that as a profession, we have a service responsibility, and that means we should strive for an altruistic, honest orientation to serve the public and yet make a reasonable and respectable income for ourselves and our families.

Composite Resins↗