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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Perception of diagnosis and openness of patients about infertility.

The perception of the diagnosis of infertility and the openness of patients about infertility was investigated among 108 infertile couples. Husbands and wives answered a structured questionnaire. The perception of diagnosis was in 38% of the cases different from the medical diagnosis. Patients perceived the diagnosis of male infertility more frequently, and the diagnosis of female infertility less frequently, than these diagnoses were made. Also there are significant differences in the perception of diagnosis between husbands and wives. Among the respondents there is a tendency to ascribe the diagnosis of infertility to themselves. It is important that physicians make sure that the patients have understood the received information. Family and friends are in almost all cases informed about the infertility problem, colleagues and acquaintances in about 60% of the cases, neighbors in about 40% of the cases. The reaction to openness is positive. Husbands are less open about male infertility than about female infertility. A selective choice of confidants and a subtle way of conveying the information generally lead to a positive reaction to the disclosure of infertility.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1998

Do authorship policies impact students' judgments of perceived wrongdoing?

Although authorship policies exist, researchers understand little about their impact on perceptions of authorship scenarios. Graduate students (N=277) at a large university read 1 of 3 vignettes about a graduate student-faculty collaboration. One half of the surveys included the American Psychological Association's statement on authorship. Participants rated (a) the ethics of the professor as first author and (b) the likelihood of a dissatisfied student reporting the authorship result, as well as the effectiveness and negative consequences of reporting. Work arrangements on the project had a consistent main effect. Also, an authorship policy impacted women's ratings of first authorship when the student contributed the idea for a project. For men, a policy impacted only ratings of the likelihood of reporting when a professor was first author on a student's dissertation. Apart from sex, no other demographic variables on participants were predictive. Discussion focuses on the policy's potential for making only some specific issues salient.

Authorship↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The legal and ethical implications of consent to nursing procedures.

Nurses are increasingly expanding their practice to include many more invasive procedures. Consequently, there is a need to re-examine nurses' responsibilities in relation to obtaining consent for nursing as opposed to medical procedures. Fully informed consent is not a legal requirement in England, for either medical or nursing procedures. However, this article argues that to comply with the standard set by the Code of Professional Conduct nurses should obtain informed consent for any proposed procedure they undertake. The concept of informed consent is examined and applied to practice. Ultimately, nurses are charged with four key tasks in relation to securing consent for nursing procedures: educating themselves about the risks and benefits of the procedures they propose to undertake; conveying this information to patients; assessing their understanding of the information given; and endeavouring to support the patient in his/her decision.

Disclosure↗
PubMed1991

The right to know. Ethical issues related to mandatory testing of healthcare workers for HIV.

To prevent transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from patient to healthcare professional, in 1987 the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) put forth guidelines requiring the use of gloves and sometimes masks when treating all patients in exposure-prone situations. Recently, however, the spotlight has shifted as a result of tragic events in Florida when patients of a dentist who died of AIDS were found to be infected with the virus. The question now is whether patients have a need and right to know if a health-care professional is HIV positive. In July 1991 the CDC called for voluntary testing of dentists and physicians who perform "exposure-prone procedures." Also in that month, a proposal in the Senate called for testing all healthcare professionals who perform infection-prone procedures and incarceration of HIV-positive professionals who do not reveal their condition. Later, a similar bill was introduced in the House. Neither of these bills passed, but a joint action by the Senate and House did result in legislation that suggests, but does not require, testing of care givers, following the CDC guidelines or a substitute measure. Professional societies have opposed the CDC guidelines because making a list of exposure-prone procedures would heighten fears, when the risk of transmission is actually small. Also, the guidelines might drive HIV-positive professionals to hide their conditions. Finally, the testing would not be totally effective because of the time lapse between infection and the ability to detect it.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1992

Arato v. Avedon.

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California↗