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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

An essay on dreaming, psychical working out and working through.

In this paper the author attempts to expand the idea put forward by Freud who considered dreams as a special form of unconscious thinking. It is the author's contention that the psychical working-out function performed by dreams is a form of unconscious thinking, which transforms affects into memories and mental structures. He also attempts to clarify the way in which meaning is built and transformed in mental life. In that respect the unconscious internal world is seen as a form of unconscious thinking, a private theatre where meaning is generated and transformed. He focuses on what happens to feelings in dreams in connection with the meanings as a result of and an expression of the several stages of working through. The dream world is described as the setting where the mind gives expressive pictorial representation to the emotions involved in a conflict: a first step towards thinkability. The dreamwork also constitutes a process through which meaning is apprehended, built on and transformed at an expressive non-discursive level, based on representation through figurative/pictorial images. The author draws on Meltzer's formulation to conjecture that the working-through function of dreams, mainly in response to interpretations, is performed by a process of progression in formal qualities of the representations made available by dreaming in the form he has called affective pictograms. It is through progression in formal qualities of the representation that the thinking capabilities of the affective life develop and become part of the process of what is called metaphorically the metabolisation of emotional life. This process takes place through migration of meaning across various levels of mental process. In this perspective the analyst's interpretations of dreams effect what linguists call transmutation of the symbolic basis, a process that is necessary to help the mind to improve its capacity to think. Something expressed on the evocative plane and condensed into a pictographic image is then transformed into verbal language that expresses meaning. These conceptions are illustrated by a detailed clinical case.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Prevalence of physical activity among the working population and correlation with work-related factors: results from the first German National Health Survey.

This paper investigates levels of engagement in physical activity (PA) among the total German working population and for specific subgroups. The first national health survey for the Federal Republic of Germany was conducted from October 1997 to March 1999. The following study is based on a representative net sample of 3,323 employed persons aged 18 to 69. Bivariate methods and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between PA and workplace and occupational factors in addition to social and lifestyle-specific correlates. Four out of 10 gainfully employed persons (39.2%) do not engage in sport. Those with physically strenuous jobs and frequent overtime work are significantly less likely to engage in leisure-time PA. Non-manual workers, and younger, unmarried workers are particularly likely to have an active lifestyle. Our study population did not correspond to the popular image of the recreational athlete as an abstinent, "ascetic" individual: The subgroups of non-smokers and teetotalers contained significantly fewer athletes than the corresponding reference groups. The present paper is the first to publish representative data on PA in the working population since German reunification in 1990. The data show that workers with a high risk of morbidity are those least likely to engage in leisure-time PA (manual workers with below-average educational qualifications from lower socioeconomic groups). The significant accumulation of socially depriving living conditions and lifestyle deficits among inactive subjects shows that one-off preventive measures intended to motivate sporting activity are likely to be ineffective in these subgroups of the population. We therefore advocate continuous exercise programs near the workplace involving exercise training suited to the particular occupation, dietary advice, relaxation techniques and occupational medical care.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Work conditions as risk factors for varicose veins of the lower extremities in certain professions of the working population of Rijeka.

This research aims to establish the effect of working conditions on the appearance of varicose veins. The epidemiological study was carried out on 1,324 examinees, 530 males and 794 females, employed in 5 highly represented groups of professional activities in Rijeka (catering, trade, light industry, heavy industry and finances). The data were collected by survey and clinical examination. Varicose veins were more prevalent in the trade than in the office workers (odds ratio (OR) = 2.08; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.31-3.31), and more prevalent in catering industries than in the office workers (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.001-2.43). chi 2-testing suggested that standing in the workplace (OR = 1.35; 95% CI = 0.95-1.92), weight handling while working (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.01-1.64) and working indoors (OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.02-2.53) were risk factors for varicose veins. By multiple logistic regression, the following risk factors were isolated in the total population: female sex (OR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.37-2.67), workplace (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.78-0.99), age (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.03-1.07), body mass index (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01-1.07) and family history of the disease (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.55-2.57).

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Job strain, work place social support, and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study of a random sample of the Swedish working population.

This cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between the psychosocial work environment and cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence in a randomly selected, representative sample of 13,779 Swedish male and female workers. It was found that self-reported psychological job demands, work control, and co-worker social support combined greater then multiplicatively in relation to CVD prevalence. An age-adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) of 2.17 (95% CI-1.32, 3.56) was observed among workers with high demands, low control, and low social support compared to a low demand, high control, and high social support reference group. PRs of approximately 2.00 were observed in this group after consecutively controlling for the effects of age together with 11 other potential confounding factors. The magnitude of the age-adjusted PRs was greatest for blue collar males. Due to the cross-sectional nature of the study design, causal inferences cannot be made. The limitations of design and measurement are discussed in the context of the methodological weaknesses of the work stress field.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

The Generic Work Behavior Questionnaire (GWBQ): assessment of core dimensions of generic work behavior of people with severe mental illnesses in vocational rehabilitation.

The purpose of this study was the development of a short self-reporting and supervisor-reporting questionnaire to assess generic work behavior of people with severe mental illnesses participating in psychiatric vocational rehabilitation. An 18-item generic work behavior questionnaire (GWBQ) was developed, which contains core dimensions derived from both supervisor scores and self-report scores. The factor structure of the GWBQ was replicated for both versions (supervisor and self reports). The GWBQ was very reliable for supervisor reports and moderately so for self-reports. Although self-report scores and supervisor scores correlated significantly, participants rated their own work behavior consistently higher than supervisors did.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Effects on fetal breathing movements of maternal challenges. Cross-over study on dynamic work, static work, passive movements, hyperventilation and hyperoxygenation.

Ten women in the last trimester of a normal pregnancy were subjected to five different loads in a cross-over study. Fetal breathing movements (FBM), fetal heart rate (FHR), maternal heart rate (MHR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP), maternal transcutaneously measured pO2 (Tc-pO2), and the energy supply to the Tc-pO2 electrode were recorded continuously before, during, and after the load. Maternal capillary pH and pCO2 were measured at three representative time points. The immediate responses of the incidence of FBM to the different challenges were: increase after dynamic work (bicycle test); no change after static work (isometric muscle contraction) and passive movements; decrease after hyperventilation and hyperoxygenation. FHR was unaffected by all challenges. The FBM incidence varied in parallel with pCO2 after dynamic work and hyperventilation and inversely with the Tc-pO2 rise caused by hyperoxygenation. Maternal pH was increased after passive movements (no change in FBM) and after hyperventilation (decreased incidence of FBM), FBM seem to be more sensitive to environmental changes than is the FHR. Mechanical stimuli to the uterus were not responsible for the augmentation of FMB seen after the bicycle test. The present observations reveal the multifactorial nature of the regulation of FBM, and support the role of CO2 as a major stimulator of breathing movements also in prenatal life.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

[Work capacity of skeletal muscles and energetics of muscular work during adaptation to cold].

After the cold adaptation muscle contraction and the working capacity decreased. However, the muscles of the adapted to cold rats are able to save the initial power for a longer time. The muscular work of adapted to cold rats involves a greater expenditure of energy as compared with the control rats. Changes of the working capacity of skeletal muscles in control rats after noradrenalin administration are similar to those occurring in adapted to cold rats.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1999

[Pediatric medical emergencies: clinical classification on basis of severity of illness, distribution between work days and non-working days].

OBJECTIVES: Assess one year of activity in a pediatric medical emergency unit of a non-university hospital to detail the degree of gravity of patients admitted to pediatric wards and the distribution of non-programmed activity between and work days and non-work days. METHODS: Prospective classification into 5 degrees of emergency of all admitted children and count of non-programmed medical and surgical activity. RESULTS: A significantly growing number of consultations for minor problems was observed during non-work days. Most hospitalizations were for problems of a rather relative emergency nature. CONCLUSION: The creation of a "day-hospital" would allow evaluation and/or treatment of a large number of pediatric patients without requiring hospitalization. The problem of controlling the flow of consultations to the hospital remains a difficult problem. The many reasons leading to hospital consultation are poorly assessed. It appears indispensable to promote population "education" and development of closer physician's office-hospital collaboration.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Improved work organization can reduce health hazards. The psychosocial work environment is of great significance for both the body and the soul].

It is possible to improve the health of employees by changing the organization of work towards a situation with reasonable psychological work demands, improved skill discretion and improved decision latitude. Improvements should also be directed towards increased social support to colleagues and superiors. Improvements in work organization can reduce not only musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and sleep problems, but also sick leave and staff turnover. Occupational health physicians should have a crucial role in the implementation of these findings.

Burnout, Professional↗

PubMed2006

Rules for the issuance of work report receipts, payment of benefits for trial work period service months after a fraud conviction, changes to the student earned income exclusion, and expansion of the reentitlement period for childhood disability benefits. Final rules.

We are revising our rules to reflect and implement sections 202, 208, 420A, and 432 of the Social Security Protection Act of 2004 (the SSPA). Section 202 of the SSPA requires us to issue a receipt each time you or your representative report a change in your work activity or give us documentation of a change in your earnings if you receive benefits based on disability under title II or title XVI of the Social Security Act (the Act). Section 208 changes the way we pay benefits during the trial work period if you are convicted by a Federal court of fraudulently concealing your work activity. Section 420A changed the law to allow you to become reentitled to childhood disability benefits under title II at any time if your previous entitlement to childhood disability benefits was terminated because of the performance of substantial gainful activity. Section 432 changes the way we decide if you are eligible for the student earned income exclusion. We will also apply the student earned income exclusion when determining the countable income of an ineligible spouse or ineligible parent. We are also changing the SSI student policy to include home schooling as a form of regular school attendance.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Dependence of the levels of morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity on the body functional state of those working in hypokinesia].

The study was designed to analyze the relation of body functioning and temporary disability rates in order to identify physiologic indices characterizing health status and its possible variations. As illustrated by the data on health status of female workers engaged in precision assembly work and exposed to hypokinesia it was established that the indices of general physical work capacity could be used for predicting possible changes in workers' health state. The workers with high levels of physical capacity for work had lower morbidity rates, that tendency being especially revealed in workers of older age groups.

Absenteeism↗

PubMed1979

[Application of scientific work organization to the design of the clinical stomatology work area].

The authors emphasize the necessity for the application of scientific work organization also in the stomatological-clinical working area. Apart from the treatment of aspects of the layout of the surgery, a survey of relevant items of equipment is given. The connexion of this equipment with an appropriate work organization is decisive to an advantageous sequence of operations.

Dental Equipment↗

PubMed1993

Being off work, preparing to return to work: how client-nurse interactions can affect employee well being.

1. Three central themes emerged through exploration of the meaning of being off work, preparing to return to work: changing expectations, obstacles being overcome, and gaining control of one's life. 2. Preparing to return to work is a positive shift in expectations as the inabilities and obstacles are overcome in the process of regaining self. 3. The occupational health nurse should focus attention on understanding the perceived need for control and the perceived need for being productive. 4. The occupational health nurse can provide information, serve as a resource, act as a liaison among members of the health care team, and explore alternate duty options for the recovering employee.

Absenteeism↗

PubMed1993

Work-sampling: a statistical approach to evaluation of the effect of computers on work patterns in healthcare.

An increasing number of health-care institutions are in the process of implementing clinical computing systems. The need for an accurate assessment of the clinical, administrative, social, and financial effects of such systems has been recognized. Techniques have been developed to evaluate these effects on the work patterns of health-care workers including: time-motion analysis, subjective evaluations, review of departmental statistics, personal activity records, and work-sampling. This study reviews these techniques, discusses both positive and negative aspects, and presents a step-by-step description of work-sampling.

Humans↗

PubMed1996

1995 update of the working group reports on chronic renal failure and renovascular hypertension. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group.

To update 2 National High Blood Pressure Education Program working group reports on hypertension and chronic renal failure and renovascular hypertension, a working group was appointed by the director of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Literature was searched through MEDLINE and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute information center library. Scientific evidence was given precedence over clinical anecdotal experience. The working group members produced initial draft documents that were circulated to additional experts on hypertension and renal disease. This reiterative process occurred for 18 draft documents. The final report was sent to the representatives of the 44 organizations on the Coordinating Committee for vote and unanimously approved September 1, 1995. The report recommended treatment of hypertension to the goal of 130/85 mm Hg with whatever therapy is necessary to prevent the development of hypertensive nephrosclerosis or the progression of established renal disease of diverse causes. It seems reasonable to recommend angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors as initial therapy for patients with diabetes and microalbuminuria or overt diabetic nephropathy with and without hypertension. Renovascular disease has emerged as a major cause of end-stage renal disease, especially in the elderly. Newer screening procedures for the noninvasive screening of renovascular disease include the captopril test, renal scintigraphy following captopril administration, duplex scanning, and magnetic resonance angiography.

Antihypertensive Agents↗

PubMed1996

Update on the 1987 Task Force Report on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: a working group report from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on Hypertension Control in Children and Adolescents.

BACKGROUND: The "Report of the Second Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children-1987" developed normative blood pressure (BP) data for children and adolescents. These normative data are used to classify BP levels. Since 1987, additional BP data in children and adolescents, the use of newer classes of drugs, and the role of primary prevention of hypertension have expanded the body of knowledge regarding the classification and treatment of hypertension in the young. OBJECTIVE: To report new normative BP data in children and adolescents and to provide additional information regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hypertension in children. METHODS: A working group was appointed by the director of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute as chair of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP) Coordinating Committee. Data on children from the 1988 through 1991 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III and nine additional national data sets were combined to develop normative BP tables. The working group members produced initial draft documents that were reviewed by NHBPEP Coordinating Committee representatives as well as experts in pediatrics, cardiology, and hypertension. This reiterative process occurred for 12 draft documents. The NHBPEP Coordinating Committee discussed the report, and additional comments were received. Differences of opinion were adjudicated by the chair of the working group. The final report was sent to representatives of the 44 organizations on the NHBPEP Coordinating Committee for vote. It was approved unanimously by the NHBPEP Coordinating Committee on October 2, 1995. CONCLUSIONS: This report provides new normative BP tables for children and adolescents, which now include height percentiles, age, and gender. The fifth Korotkoff sound is now used to define diastolic BP in children and adolescents. New charts have been developed to guide practicing clinicians in antihypertensive drug therapy selection. The primary prevention of hypertension in these age groups is discussed. A statement on public health considerations in the treatment of children and adolescents is provided.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Work and welfare: job histories, barriers to employment, and predictors of work among low-income single mothers.

The work histories of 436 sheltered homeless and low-income women were analyzed to develop a predictive model of factors that facilitate employment possibilities for some low-income women and deter others from obtaining work. Findings suggest the need for programs of education, early intervention, and job training. However, the availability of adequate jobs and affordable child care are prerequisites for poor, single mothers to become self-supporting.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Cardiovascular pre-participation screening of young competitive athletes for prevention of sudden death: proposal for a common European protocol. Consensus Statement of the Study Group of Sport Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology.

The 1996 American Heart Association consensus panel recommendations stated that pre-participation cardiovascular screening for young competitive athletes is justifiable and compelling on ethical, legal, and medical grounds. The present article represents the consensus statement of the Study Group on Sports Cardiology of the Working Group on Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial diseases of the European Society of Cardiology, which comprises cardiovascular specialists and other physicians from different European countries with extensive clinical experience with young competitive athletes, as well as with pathological substrates of sudden death. The document takes note of the 25-year Italian experience on systematic pre-participation screening of competitive athletes and focuses on relevant issues, mostly regarding the relative risk, causes, and prevalence of sudden death in athletes; the efficacy, feasibility, and cost-effectiveness of population-based pre-participation cardiovascular screening; the key role of 12-lead ECG for identification of cardiovascular diseases such as cardiomyopathies and channelopathies at risk of sudden death during sports; and the potential of preventing fatal events. The main purpose of the consensus document is to reinforce the principle of the need for pre-participation medical clearance of all young athletes involved in organized sports programmes, on the basis of (i) the proven efficacy of systematic screening by 12-lead ECG (in addition to history and physical examination) to identify hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-the leading cause of sports-related sudden death-and to prevent athletic field fatalities; (ii) the potential screening ability in detecting other lethal cardiovascular diseases presenting with ECG abnormalities. The consensus document recommends the implementation of a common European screening protocol essentially based on 12-lead ECG.

Adolescent↗