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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Dimension of schizophrenia--reliability and construct validity.

This study has focussed on a 10-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) subscale for the quantification of schizophrenic states. Seven psychiatrists interviewed jointly patients who all fulfilled the DSM-III criteria of schizophrenia, and in a subsequent pencil-and-paper procedure a judgment analysis was performed. The reliability analysis showed that less experienced BPRS raters made less consistent judgments implying the cautionary statement that the proper use of a scale for schizophrenia requires specialized training with the scale. The validity analysis showed that the BPRS items had an additive relationship implying that the sum of these items is a sufficient statistic for the measurement of severity of schizophrenic states. Finally, the results seem to indicate, that the underlying dimension defined by the 10-items BPRS subscale includes hierarchically the negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The construct validity and clinical utility of the Frank Jones story as a brief screening measure of cognitive dysfunction.

The use of quick and easily administered screening measures of cognitive functioning has become increasingly important in clinical settings. A number of brief screening instruments are available, but few have been thoroughly examined for their validity and clinical utility. The Frank Jones Story is a 2-minute screening procedure proposed to measure problem solving by asking patients to explain an absurd proposition. The authors used this screen to help them classify 155 patients as cognitively impaired or unimpaired based on a full neuropsychological evaluation. Overall, the total score on the Frank Jones Story was a good predictor of intact functioning for patients that were unimpaired but was poor at predicting cognitive dysfunction. However, various subscores of the test reflected differing patterns of sensitivity and specificity for cognitive impairment. These data suggest that the Frank Jones Story might have some utility for initial screening for cognitive dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The construct validity of the ischemic score of Hachinski for the detection of dementias.

Two hundred forty-one nursing home patients from the National Nursing Home Survey Pretest were assessed using the Ischemic Score of Hachinski. Medical chart diagnoses were used to classify those with and without dementia. The Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess the accuracy of the medical-chart diagnoses of dementia. The Ischemic Score failed to differentiate multi-infarct dementia from other types of dementias. Instead, the difference between the two dementia groups was in the direction opposite that predicted by Hachinski.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

A longitudinal study of psychosis due to a general medical (neurological) condition: establishing predictive and construct validity.

A sample of 44 patients with a neurological disorder and a DSM-IV diagnosis of Psychosis due to a General Medical Condition were followed on average for 4 years and their response to treatment and clinical course noted. Outcome was more benign than in schizophrenia, with most patients having a brief duration of psychosis and good response to small doses of neuroleptics. One-fourth of patients suffered a single, brief psychotic episode with return to full premorbid function. None required maintenance neuroleptic treatment. The outcome and descriptive profile of the disorder also differed from late-onset schizophrenia. Thus, Psychosis due to a General Medical (Neurological) Condition does appear to have predictive validity. However, no temporal association was found between the neurological illness and psychosis. Possible reasons for this are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Construct validity and frequency of euphoria sclerotica in multiple sclerosis.

Using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), we studied euphoria and other behavioral changes in 75 consecutive, unselected multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 25 healthy controls. We also assessed disease duration, clinical course, physical disability, personality, depression, insight, cognition, and caregiver distress. Factor analysis identified a cluster of symptoms--labeled euphoria/disinhibition--similar to the euphoria sclerotica syndrome originally described by Charcot and others. The euphoria/disinhibition factor score was elevated in 9% of patients and associated with secondary-progressive course, low agreeableness, poor insight, impaired cognition, and high caregiver distress. Thus, we used the NPI to validate the euphoria syndrome in multiple sclerosis (MS) and determined its frequency, and its neurological and psychological correlates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS): construction, validity, and reliability.

Psychometric properties of mathematics anxiety measures have not adequately been studied. Using a large sample size (N = 1,239), the authors developed an abbreviated math anxiety measure, examined its psychometric properties, and assessed the generalizability of the model across samples. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a nine-item measure and strong internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and good convergent/divergent validity was demonstrated with an independent sample. When administered to a replication sample, indexes suggested an excellent model fit. TheAbbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS) may represent a more parsimonious and valid approach to assess mathematics anxiety.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Assessing dimensions of competency to stand trial: construct validation of the ECST-R.

Four decades of forensic research have left unanswered a fundamental issue regarding the best conceptualization of competency to stand trial vis-à-vis the Dusky standard. The current study investigated three competing models (discrete abilities, domains, and cognitive complexity) on combined data (N = 411) from six forensic and correctional samples. Using the Evaluation of Competency to Stand Trial-Revised (ECST-R), items representative of the Dusky prongs were used to test the three models via maximum-likelihood confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Of the three, only the discrete abilities model evidenced a good fit, indicating that competency to stand trial should consider separately each defendant's factual understanding of the proceedings, rational understanding of the proceedings, and ability to consult with counsel. ECST-R competency scales, based on the current CFA, have excellent alphas (.83 to .89) and interrater reliabilities (.97 to .98).

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Adolescent personality: a five-factor model construct validation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate convergent and discriminant validity of the five-factor model of adolescent personality in a school setting using three different raters (methods): self-ratings, peer ratings, and teacher ratings. The authors investigated validity through a multitrait-multimethod matrix and a confirmatory factor analysis correlated trait, uncorrelated method model. With the exception of Emotional Stability, each analysis demonstrated similar patterns and together provided support for the convergent and discriminant validity of the five-factor model structure of adolescent personality. However, among the three raters, self-ratings of personality provided a comparatively weaker method for assessing adolescent personality. The influences of agreement between self and other raters are discussed in relation to contrast, perceiver, and target effects; expert observer effects; the degree of acquaintanceship; and the effect of the social context.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The construct validity of the stanford-binet 5 measures of working memory.

This study examines the validity of the measures of verbal and nonverbal working memory on the Stanford-Binet Fifth Edition (SB5). The validity evidence included Rasch-based, criterion-referenced item mapping, correlations with other clinical measures of memory, and prediction of reading and mathematics scores. The item mapping clearly demonstrates a parallel between increasing item difficulty and a progression of item characteristics that placed increasing demands on verbal and nonverbal working memory. The higher correlations of the SB5 verbal and nonverbal working memory subtests with other measures of verbal and nonverbal memory, respectively, and lower correlations with nonverbal and verbal memory measures, respectively, clearly show convergent and divergent validity. The higher correlations between SB5 verbal working memory and reading skills and between SB5 nonverbal memory and mathematics skills are consistent with past research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The WAIS-R factors: usefulness and construct validity in neuropsychological assessments.

One-hundred and twelve patients were administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R), an abbreviated Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, and the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery. In order to replicate an earlier study (Sherman, Strauss, Spellacy, & Hunter, 1995), correlations were generated between the WAIS-R factor scores and neuropsychological and memory tests. The Verbal Comprehension factor (Factor 1) correlated with Speech Sounds Perception Test (SSPT), the Seashore Rhythm Test (SSRT), the Category Test, and memory indices. The Perceptual Organizational factor (Factor 2) correlated with the time, memory, and location scores of the Tactual Performance Test, the SSPT, SSRT, the Category Test, Trails A, Trails B, memory indices, and finger tapping. The Freedom From Distractibility factor (Factor 3) was correlated with the Category Test, the SSPT, the SSRT, Trails A, Trails B, immediate Logical Memory, and Visual Reproduction. Modest correlations suggest that the WAIS-R factors may be useful for understanding underlying cognitive performance and can be functional for generating hypotheses, but should not be utilized exclusively to make clinical inferences.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1976

Construct validity of the Holtzman Inkblot Anxiety and Hostility scores.

The group version of the Holtzman Inkblot Technique (HIT), the IPAT Anxiety Scale Questionnaire (ASQ), the Manifest Hostility Scale (MHS), and the Hand Test (HT) were administered to 72 college subjects in an attempt to clarify the nature of the HIT Anxiety (Ax) and Hostility (Hs) scores. The Ax score was found to correlate significantly with the ASQ total score which represents both overt and covert anxiety. The Hs score was found to correlate significantly with the MHS, which is sensitive to moderate levels of verbal hostility, but not with the HT Acting Out Ratio (AOR), which is strictly a measure of overt aggressiveness. The HIT Ax and Hs scores were concluded to relate most closely with measures that encompass a wide spectrum of the variable in question.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

Ego development and conformity: a construct validity study of the Washington University Sentence Completion Test.

Loevinger's conception of ego development predicts a curvilinear relation between it and conformity. Using 107 private-school boys in grades 8, 9, and 11, self-report, peer-nomination, and experimental (Willis) measures of conformity were given. An archival measure, number of demerits, was also obtained. As predicted, the self-report and archival measures show maximum conformity between the Self-Protective and Conscientious Stages as measured by the sentence completion test. These results are not artifacts of age or IQ. The Willis test does not correlates significantly any other variable, and the peer ratings were methodologically suspect. Thus one aspect of the conception of ego development is partially confirmed. Conformity. as measured by these typical tests, is shown not to be a unitary variable.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Construct validity of the Life Orientation Test.

The Life Orientation Test (LOT; Scheier & Carver, 1985) is a common measure of optimism. Previous studies of the convergent and discriminant (vis-à-vis neuroticism) validity of the LOT have relied solely on questionnaires. Our Study 1 was a multitrait, multimethod investigation of the LOT incorporating Gottschalk and Gleser's (1969) method of content analysis of speech samples as a nonquestionnaire assessment method. The LOT did not correlate significantly with the Gottschalk Hope Scale (Gottschalk, 1974) derived from speech samples. Study 2 was an initial attempt to determine the nature of the differences between these alternate measures of optimism. In particular, it was hypothesized and found that the LOT was more fakable than the Hope Scale. Participants who received special instructions to "fake good" scored significantly higher on the LOT than did control participants who received no special instructions. Faking instructions did not significantly affect scores on the Hope Scale.

Adolescent↗