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PubMedDate not supplied

[Hapten selection for patch tests in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis: epidemiologic data].

Aim of the study was to verify the reliability in clinical practice of patch testing with "standard" series and additional series of haptens for the diagnosis of occupational and non-occupational allergic contact dermatitis, evaluating positive reactions and relating those reactions to professional categories. A total of 392 out of 937 patients (41.8%) showed at least one positive reaction to "standard" series testing; the hapten most frequently noted as the cause of positive reaction was nickel sulphate. Professional categories that showed positive reactions to "standard" series most frequently were clerks, hairdressers and hospital auxiliary workers. Among 897 patients tested with nonstandard allergens, only 124 (13.8%) elicited at least one positive reaction, ammonium persulphate being the most frequently positive hapten. A dominant percentage of positive results was seen in hairdressers and cleaning personnel. No positive reactions were observed in a large number of haptens, tested more than 200 times. Haptens of "standard series" elicited a higher number of positive reaction than the additional series, even though there was a high specificity of few additional series haptens in some professional categories. Data suggest some caution in systematically testing additional series, despite a higher accuracy and diagnostic efficacy in some job categories.

Dermatitis, Occupational↗
PubMed1992

[Ambulance services in Copenhagen, Odense and Ringkøbing County. Results of the spot test conducted by the Ministry of Health and the County Councils Association in 1990. 1. Epidemiological data].

In 1990, The Danish Ministry of Health and the County Council Association undertook a spot test investigation of the activities in connection with 3,182 emergency ambulance services (AU) in the Municipality of Copenhagen (a city), the Odense district (a large provincial town) and the County of Ringkøbing (a mixed rural and urban region). The investigation included data collected by the ambulance staff before hospitalization and the diagnoses on discharge from casualty and hospital departments. The frequency of AU per 1,000 population was found to be 101 annually in Copenhagen, 44 in Odense and 19 in the County of Ringkøbing. More than 10% of the services in all three regions did not result in transport of the patient to hospital treatment. The average age of the patients was 52 years in Copenhagen compared with 44 years in the other two regions. The age-specific frequency of AU for patients aged 0-4 year-old was nine times as great in Copenhagen than in Odense and the County of Ringkøbing and, where patients aged more than 80 years were concerned, the frequency was 4-10 times as great. In all three regions, the activities of ambulance services were most numerous between 6-16 hours and lowest during the period 0-6 hours. Services to patients' homes constituted 44-46% and to traffic regions 32-40%. Services on account of illness constituted 41-45% and, on account of accidents, 27-35%. In cases of rapid emergency transport (using signals), 78% of the ambulances had reached the patient within five minutes in Copenhagen as compared with 44% in Odense and the County of Ringkøbing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[The oncology patient in emergencies. Epidemiological data].

Oncology patients do not form a large proportion within the overall figures of an emergency service, but their clinical characteristics mean that attending to them is often complex. The elaboration of a complete clinical history, specifying the characteristics and stage of the tumoural disease, is a basic weapon for taking decisions when an emergency arises. According to the data from our centre, oncology patients account for 5% of the total of emergency cases. The most frequent type of tumour that we deal with is pulmonary, followed by breast and colon. It is often the case that these patients come to the emergency department several times in the same month and pain is the most frequent reason for consultation, although it is normal for them to mention several causes on each occasion. In a high percentage of cases the reason for the consultation is related to the disease itself, but on as many as 35% of occasions it is an intercurrent pathology. The index of admissions is high (around 50%), especially if the patient has come for a reason related to the disease. In global terms, they account for 14% of total admissions from emergencies.

Emergencies↗
PubMed1992

Spinal cord injury: some epidemiological data. A review of 233 cases.

Two hundred thirty-three consecutive cases of traumatic para- and tetraplegia admitted to a department of Neurosurgery in Naples within ten years were reviewed and categorized according to etiology, level of lesion and clinical features. The age of the patients at the time of injury varied from 7 to 74 years with a mean age of 37.1 +/- 17.1 (male mean age = 35.8 +/- 16.7; female mean age = 41.5 +/- 18.2). The male/female sex ratio was 4.8. Of these patients 66 were paraplegic and 167 were tetraplegic. The analysis of the various causes of the spinal cord injury showed that the occupational activities take the first place (32.2%); injuries in recreational activities and road accidents accounted for the majority of the remaining cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[What are the epidemiological data concerning parental smoking and breastfeeding?].

Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months provides important protection against respiratory infections in the newborn's first year of life. But smoking by either parent not only creates excess risk of respiratory illness for the baby, it also plays an important role both in not breastfeeding or in early weaning, thus depriving the infant of the potential protections of receiving mother's milk. Considering this information, three main recommendations can be made: promoting smoking cessation by the mother and also by the father may be a key to successful efforts to encourage breastfeeding; a smoking mother can enhance her chances of successful breastfeeding by avoiding smoking at least 2(1/2) hours prior to each feeding; a smoking father can enhance breastfeeding by avoiding exposing the mother as much as he should avoid exposing the infant to tobacco smoke.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed2005

[What are the epidemiological data on the consequences of smoking-related increased risk in pregnant women? Dermatological consequences].

Smoking has numerous effects on skin. Some of them are well established, others are more debatable. Smoking is a cofactor of skin aging after chronic sun exposure, as demonstrated by recent histological, biochemical and cutaneous relief studies. Smoking is a well established risk factor of cutaneous, mucous membrane cancers, and some gynecologic cancers as well, in some cases increased by pregnancy. However, published studies have included small numbers of subjects. Some skin affections are worsened by smoking, and others might be improved. However scientific data on smoking and skin or pregnancy are both scarce.

Female↗
PubMed2005

[What are the epidemiological data on maternal and paternal smoking?].

A review of the literature published over the last fifteen years shows that active smoking (1.54 [95% CI 1.19-2.01]) and passive smoking (1.17 [95% CI1.02-1.37]) are the cause of a decline in female fertility in the general population. This lower fertility is particularly evident for in vitro fecundation where the relative risk of infertility measured in one study was 2.41 (95% CI 1.07-5.45) and even 4.27 (95% CI 1.53-11.97) if the couple has smoked for five years. Paternal smoking at the time of IVF decreases the number of ovocytes by 46% due to maternal passive smoking. The risk of not having a live infant is high: 3.76 (95% CI 1.40-10.03, p < 0.01). In the general population, active smoking increases the risk of spontaneous abortion by 60-100%, depending on the intensity of smoking. The latest report published in France shows that 37% of women declare they smoked before pregnancy. This rate decreased to 17% during the first trimester, 15% during the second and 14% during the third then rose again to 20.5% two years after delivery. About half of the women who stopped smoking during pregnancy start again after delivery. The desire to breastfeed is lower among smokers, and fewer start breastfeeding which is continued for a shorter time. The effect of paternal smoking has not been described for this factor in France.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiologic data on meningiomas in East Germany 1961-1986: incidence, localization, age and sex distribution.

From 1961 to 1986, 8119 new cases of meningioma were reported to the National Cancer Register of East Germany (former German Democratic Republic) with an average population of 16.9 million. The crude annual incidence was 1.85 per 100,000 population. The crude rates were 1.16 for males, and 2.44 per 100,000 for women; after age adjustment ("world" population) these rates were 0.90 and 1.92 per 100,000, respectively. Thus meningioma occurred 2.1 times more frequently in women than men. Independent of sex, the incidence rose continuously with increasing age. At the same time, there appeared to be an increase in meningioma frequency in the course of the 26-year reporting period. The overwhelming majority of cases, 7375, (90.8%) were intracranial in location but 711 (8.8%) were intraspinal. Some 50% of all cases were first discovered at autopsy, with the proportion of such cases being markedly higher in the older age groups.

Adolescent↗