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Results for “hostility”

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PubMed1989

The relation of hostile nonverbal communication styles to popularity in preadolescent children.

Some assumptions of interpersonal theory were tested among a population of preadolescent children. Children were videotaped while interacting with a same-sex peer, and their verbal and nonverbal communications were judged by other peers who were not participants in the study. Children rated as socially unattractive by their peers had communication styles characterized by nonverbal visual hostility. These results support the assumption that negative nonverbal communications are associated with relationship difficulties.

Child↗

PubMed1998

Attitudinal predictors of dissociation: hostility and powerlessness.

The relationship between dissociative tendencies and attitudes relating to aggression and powerlessness was investigated in a sample of 106 Australian psychology students. Dissociation was positively related to aspects of aggression and in particular to an attitude of hostility. Respondents' perceptions of their own powerlessness did not predict proneness to dissociative experiences. The data are consistent with the view that trauma-engendered attitudes and affects may be markers of the development of dissociative tendencies.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

The Type A belief system: relationships to hostility, social support, and life stress.

Certain core beliefs may underlie the Type A behavior pattern, predisposing individuals to health problems and impaired interpersonal relationships. Previous studies have revealed that the Type A Cognitive Questionnaire (TACQ), a self-report measure reflecting these beliefs, is indeed related to emotional distress. The current study assessed the TACQ's relationship to aspects of the interpersonal environment, including perceived social support and stressful events. It also investigated the TACQ's relationship to subtypes of hostility (ie, cynicism and paranoid alienation). Subjects were 111 college undergraduate volunteers. As hypothesized, the TACQ was significantly related to poor quality of social support and to greater perceived life stress. The TACQ appeared more strongly related to cynicism than to paranoid alienation. Findings were generally more pronounced for males. The discussion suggests that Type A beliefs may predispose individuals to health problems through impaired interactions with their interpersonal environment.

Achievement↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiac health: relationships among hostility, spirituality, and health risk.

This study examined hostility, spirituality, and indices of health risk among 100 young, primarily males of Hispanic background. Over half of the subjects were prehypertensive or hypertensive; one third had at least 2 objective risk factors for cardiac disease; and younger participants had lower spirituality scores and higher cynical distrust scores. Body mass index, spirituality, and glucose accounted for 29% of variance in systolic blood pressure; body mass index and age accounted for 39% of variance in diastolic blood pressure. The tools to assess cardiac risk (blood pressure, history, capillary blood screening, body mass index) are all "low tech" and low cost but used together are powerful in identifying risk populations.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1976

The effects of cerebral electric therapy (electrosleep) on anxiety, depression, and hostility in psychiatric patients.

The effects of cerebral electric therapy (electrosleep) and placebo on self-ratings of anxiety, depression, and hostility were compared. No difference in the amount of improvement shown by the two groups appeared on any of the five measures employed, although a major placebo effect was evident on all of the criteria. The results argue against the use of electrosleep as a treatment for these symptoms except when it may be employed for its placebo value.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Work group culture, stress, and hostility. Correlations with organizational outcomes.

Understanding your organizational culture is necessary if you are to be successful in making and surviving the necessary changes in current environments. Although organizational culture frequently has been studied in the business community, there are fewer studies of organizational or work group culture in hospital settings at the nursing unit level. The existing studies have emphasized the need to understand the individual work group culture before successfully implementing innovation and educational programs, or hiring and orienting new employees on nursing units. This descriptive, correlational study describes the relationships among work group culture, work-place stress, and hostility and nursing unit outcomes, specifically absenteeism and turnover. Implications of the findings include the idea that increasing decision latitude in workers may positively impact absenteeism.

Absenteeism↗

PubMed1983

Hostility, risk of coronary heart disease, and mortality.

Level of hostility (Ho) was assessed by a 50-item subscale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory at the initial examination of 1877 employed middle-aged men who were free of coronary heart disease (CHD). Ten-year incidence of major CHD events (myocardial infarction and CHD death) was lowest in the first quintile of the Ho scale's distribution, highest in the middle quintile, and intermediate in the other three quintiles. After adjustment for age, blood pressure, serum cholesterol level, cigarette smoking, and intake of ethanol, the relative odds of a major CHD event was 0.68 for men with Ho scores less than or equal to 10 points in comparison to men with higher scores. The Ho scale was positively associated with crude 20-year mortality from CHD, malignant neoplasms, and causes other than cardiovascular--renal diseases and malignant neoplasms. After adjustment for the risk factors listed above, the Ho scale had a statistically significant, positive, monotonic association with 20-year risk of death from all causes combined. A difference of 23 points on the Ho scale, i.e., the difference between the means of the first and the fifth quintiles, was associated with a 42% increase in the risk of death. These results support the previous findings of Williams et al. with respect to the Ho scale and coronary atherosclerosis, and also suggest that the Ho scale may be associated with factors having broad effects on survival.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hostility and cardiovascular reactivity to stress in women and men.

The relationship of Cook Medley hostility scores (Ho) to blood pressure and heart rate reactivity was examined in 56 women and 56 men. Stress was elicited by an unsolvable anagram task that was described as easily solvable. Both men and women scoring high on Ho had greater blood pressure responses to the task. Those scoring high on Ho also reported more anger in response to the tasks, but anger was not associated with blood pressure reactivity. It was concluded that situations evoking suspiciousness and mistrust rather than anger may be necessary to elicit increased blood pressure reactivity among high Ho subjects.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Situational determinants of cardiovascular and emotional reactivity in high and low hostile men.

Various epidemiologic studies have found that high scores on the Cook and Medley Hostility (Ho) scale are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), severity of atherosclerosis, and all-cause mortality. One plausible biological mechanism suspected of contributing to increased risk of CHD is sympathetic nervous system-mediated hyperresponsivity to environmental stressors. The present study evaluated cardiovascular reactivity among young men with high versus low Ho scores during performance of an anagram task with or without harassment. Compared to performing the task alone, harassment led to increased cardiovascular arousal that was more pronounced for the high Ho subjects than the low Ho subjects. Moreover, harassment produced increases in self-rated anger, irritation, and tension, but it was only among those subjects with high Ho scores that increased anger and irritation were associated with enhanced cardiovascular arousal. While suggesting a role for anger- and irritation-induced cardiovascular arousal in pathogenesis of CHD, these findings indicate that situation characteristics mediate the relationship between Ho scores and cardiovascular reactivity, and that there may be a differential biological link between anger/irritation and cardiovascular responses in men with high and low Ho scores.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Insulin and glucose: relationships with hassles, anger, and hostility in nondiabetic older adults.

Relationships of psychosocial factors (anger, hostility, hassles, and caregiving) with fasting insulin and glucose levels were examined. Samples included two groups of nondiabetic adults (mean age = 69.4 years): spouse caregivers (CG) of individuals with diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (N = 78) and spouses of nondemented controls (CO) (N = 72) matched for age and gender. The groups were assessed twice with a 15-to 18-month hiatus. To obtain more stable assessments, all biopsychosocial measures were averaged over time. Psychosocial factors were associated with insulin and glucose, even after controlling for significant health variables: obesity, lipids, and cardiovascular disease. As hypothesized, CG with high anger-out/hostility (AOHO) had significantly higher glucose levels than all other group combinations. The glucose levels for subjects with high hassles or high AOHO were significantly higher than those for subjects who were low on both of these factors. For insulin, a three-way interaction occurred among AOHO, hassles, and gender-hormone replacement therapy (HRT); in women taking HRT, no relationships occurred between insulin with AOHO and hassles. In women not taking HRT, those with high AOHO and high hassles had significantly higher insulin levels than the other three combinations, whereas in men, those with either high AOHO or high hassles had significantly higher insulin levels than men who were low on both of these factors. Given these results, future research should examine the degree to which interactions between metabolic processes with psychosocial variables, gender, and HRT have long term health consequences in nondiabetics.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Random population dispersal in a linear hostile environment.

We consider the Fisher equation and its generalization for an asocial population in a linear, hostile environment. The method of center manifold analysis is used to obtain the time-dependent solution of the former, nonlinear equation. The correct critical habitat size is obtained; in addition, the result for the steady state central density compares favorably with the exact result for relatively large population sizes (up to one half of the carrying capacity). For a model of asocial growth we obtain the expanded criteria for survival. This includes the habitat size, the population size at which positive growth begins, and also the minimum initial central density.

Environment↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Physically abused children's regulation of attention in response to hostility.

The present study examines the effects of early emotional experiences on children's regulation or strategic control of attention in the presence of interpersonal hostility. Abused children's reactions to the unfolding of a realistic interpersonal emotional situation were measured through multiple methods including autonomic nervous system changes and overt behavioral performance. Although physically abused and non-physically abused 4-year-old children did not differ in terms of their baseline levels of arousal, marked differences in physically abused children's regulatory responses to background anger emerged. These data suggest that the emergence of anger leads to increases in anticipatory monitoring of the environment among children with histories of abuse. Results are discussed in terms of risk factors in the development of psychopathology.

Attention↗

PubMed1977

A psychophysiological study of paranoid hostility and defensiveness in maximum security hospital patients.

In this study male security hospital patients are compared against male students on L scores, and on the relationship between scores on Eysenck's P scale and an index of change in muscle tension on attending to perceptual discrimination tasks. In the student sample P score gave a significant positive correlation with the EMG index, while L scores were remarkably low. Results on the hospitalized population showed that the measure of increase in muscle tension was again very significantly correlated with P, but the correlation was negative. This switch is highly significant (P less than 0.0001). Also, with patients, a significant positive correlation occurred between L and the EMG index. The results are interpreted by reference to L scores, since the deviant population had significantly higher L scores than students (P less than 0.001). It is argued that many patients detained for an undefined period are highly defensive and fake socially good. It is proposed that those faking most may be the extreme paranoid and hostile types who, if they had nothing to lose by being honest, would normally endorse a large number of items on the P scale.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

A questionnaire study of hostility in persistent auditory hallucinators.

Twenty-six psychotic patients selected for persistent auditory hallucinations were tested on the HDHQ Questionnaire. Their total hostility scores were found to be significantly higher than those of the mixed schizophrenic normative sample, suggesting a link between aggressive tendencies and auditory hallucinations. The total sample was further subdivided on the basis of duration, location and quality of voices, and subgroup comparisons undertaken. These suggested that location and quality of voices were independent of each other and differentially linked with other measures. Several hypothesis for further investigation were generated.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Alexithymia and the interpretation of hostile-provoking situations.

BACKGROUND: To examine the relationship between alexithymia and the interpretation of hostility-provoking situations. METHODS: Sixty-two college students completed the TAS-20 and the Test for the Interpretation of Provoking Situations (TIPS). The TIPS measures how accurately participants can select the most likely explanation for the occurrence of a hypothetical, potentially provoking situation; it also measures how accurately participants judge whether explanations for events are innocent or noninnocent. RESULTS: Higher levels of alexithymia were associated with greater degrees of accuracy in interpreting the innocence of interpersonal information. The facets of alexithymia that were most strongly associated with interpretation accuracy varied by gender. CONCLUSIONS: Alexithymia is not associated with a general affect recognition deficit. The results are consistent with social factors playing a central role in alexithymia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Anxiety and hostility in written verbal samples of male and female subjects. A content analytic study.

Nonclinical populations of male and female subjects of middle socioeconomic level and different age ranges were assessed by means of the content analysis method developed by Gottschalk and associates. Verbal samples consisted of written productions in response to a standard ambiguous instruction to narrate a dramatic or interesting life experience and were scored for anxiety and hostility. Results show that the method shows no influence of gender under the conditions of this study and can be employed for diagnostic purposes, assuming that personality factors and psychopathological influences might have a more pronounced impact on affect scores.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Patterns of hostility revealed in the fantasies and dreams of women with rheumatoid arthritis.

Data relevant to the feelings of hostility harbored by 25 women with rheumatoid arthritis is reported. Noteworthy points include: (1) a high incidence of early loss by death, often by suicide, of one of the parents; (2) a high incidence of involvement in incestuous relationships; (3) the occurrence in the period of onset of illness of severe provocation by an ambivalently loved person whom the patient cannot relinquish; (4) the presence of conscious fantasies of revenge toward this person which tend not to be carried over into action; (5) the presence of vicious dreams, often containing frankly oral-sadistic motifs in many of which the patient herself is portrayed in the role of victim.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Hostile personality characteristics, dysthymic states and neurotic symptoms in urticaria, psoriasis and alopecia.

Three experimental groups of patients with urticaria, psoriasis and alopecia were compared for hostile personality characteristics, states of anxiety and depression, neurotic syndromes and stress with a control group of patients with other skin diseases. The patients from each experimental group were found to be less dominant, more intropunitive, more extrapunitive and more neurotic than the control group. The following neurotic syndromes differentiated the experimental groups: non-specific anxiety states in urticaria patients; neurotic depression in the patients with alopecia, and a variety of neurotic syndromes in the psoriasis patients. All experimental groups scored significantly higher than the controls in stress experienced during the year preceding the onset or the exacerbation of the illness.

Adult↗