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PubMed1987

[Early combined carcinoma and malignant lymphoma in the stomach associated with tonsillar malignant lymphoma--report of a case].

This report deals with a histologic demonstration of a combined tumor of early signet ring cell carcinoma and lymphoma of the stomach in a 52-year-old Japanese man. The Gastric carcinoma was found by a systemic work up for a tonsillar lymphoma. The relationship between the malignant lymphomas of the stomach and of the tonsil is not clear in this case. The carcinoma and lymphoma of the stomach were both small, and the depth of invasion was localized to the mucosa and submucosa, respectively. The lymphoma was observed just beneath the cancer and was a diffuse, large cell type, and of the same histologic typing as the tonsillar lymphoma. Based on the broader size of the carcinoma, it is considered that the carcinoma probably induced the lymphoma in the stomach. This of an early combined tumor of carcinoma and lymphoma of the stomach is, to our knowledge, the first to be reported in the literature.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMed1988

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the stomach. A report and review of malignant fibrohistiocytic tumors of the alimentary tract.

An example of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the stomach, manifesting initially as a pulmonary metastasis, is described. A review of the world medical literature yielded ten other examples of MFH of the alimentary tract--four in the large intestine, two each in the small intestine and rectum, and one each in the esophagus and stomach. Patients ranged in age from 17 to 74 years, and all but one were males. Histologically, 91% of the tumors were of the pleomorphic type, with or without an associated storiform pattern. Six of the 11 patients died, two postoperatively and four with tumor, while the others were alive from 14 months to eight years after therapy. The distinction between gastric MFH and leiomyosarcoma is discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Malignant clonal expansion of large granular lymphocytes with a Leu-11+, Leu-7- surface phenotype: in vitro responsiveness of malignant cells to recombinant human interleukin 2.

A 14-year-old Japanese female with neutropenia showed malignant proliferation of the large granular lymphocytes (LGLs). These LGLs were E rosette+ and Fc(IgG) receptor+ and therefore are referred to as T gamma lymphocytes. They were also Leu-11+ and OKT11+; however, they were clearly negative for Leu-7, OKT3, OKT8, OKM1, and HNK-1 antigens as well as for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity. Karyotype analysis revealed 47, XXX. The LGLs showed no rearrangement of T cell receptor C beta genes. The natural killer (NK) cell activity against K562 target cells was low, but was significantly augmented after stimulation by recombinant human interleukin 2 (IL 2) in contrast to minimal NK boosting by recombinant human gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN). Such a unique responsive ability to lymphokines was quite similar to that noted in fetal and cord blood cells. These LGLs also demonstrated a considerable increase in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity after a short incubation with IL 2. Although in a resting stage they showed no IL 2 receptor expression as examined by anti-Tac antibody, Tac antigen appeared after IL 2 treatment followed by a marked increase in 3H-thymidine incorporation and a remarkable production of gamma-IFN. To investigate the mechanism of neutropenia, in vitro IL 2-stimulated coculture studies of these cells with normal bone marrow cells were performed. Colony formation of myeloid progenitors (CFU-C) was significantly suppressed. In addition, the conditioned medium from IL 2-stimulated LGLs indicated a remarkable suppression of CFU-C. These results suggest that these LGLs with a Leu-11+, Leu-7- surface phenotype might belong to a unique subset of pre-NK cells that are functionally and phenotypically similar to those represented at any early stage of human ontogeny and that they strongly express Tac antigen under the influence of IL 2 administration, followed by remarkable cell proliferation and gamma-IFN production.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

[The determination of thymidylate synthetase inhibition for testing fluoropyrimidines--pharmacokinetics and metabolism of carmofur (HCFU) in patients with gynecologic malignancies--Tokai HCFU Study Group for Gynecologic Malignancies].

The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of carmofur (HCFU) were studied. Sixty-six patients were administered 100 mg of HCFU orally, and the plasma levels of the HCFU fraction (HCFUf) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FUra) were determined at 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours. The average half-life of HCFUf and 5-FUra were 1.05 and 1.31 hours, and the average areas under the curves (AUC) of the plasma concentration were 6.51 hr X mcg/ml and 0.46 hr X mcg/ml, respectively. Surgical specimens of the tumors were obtained about three hours after the administration and assayed for HCFUf. 5-FUra fluorodeoxyuridine-monophosphate (FdUMP), deoxyuridine-monophosphate (dUMP), total thymidylate synthetase (TS total), and non-FdUMP-bound free enzyme (TS free). The TS inhibition rate (IR) was calculated by the follow method: IR = (TS total-TS free)/TS total X 100 levels of the TS total varied from not-detected (less than 0.10 pmol/g) to 20.5 pmol/g. The average FdUMP: dUMP ratio was 3.44 X 10(3), However, more than 80% inhibitions of TS were observed in nine cases (21.4%). The correlation indicates between TS IR and tissue FdUMP level or FdUMP: dUMP ratio were 0.57 and 0.62 in ovarian malignancies respectively. No significant correlations were observed between TS inhibition and levels of tissue 5-FUra or AUC of 5-FUra.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed1986

[Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the perirenal tissue: report of a case--a statistical study of 58 cases of urological malignant fibrous histiocytoma in Japanese literature].

A 78-year-old man was admitted in June 18, 1982 with a two-year history of general fatigue and loss of appetite. Physical examination revealed a child's head sized, firm, not tender, right upper quadrant mass which had an almost smooth surface and had respiratory displacement. Preoperative diagnosis was a hypovascular renal tumor presenting at the lower part of the right kidney. Right nephrectomy was performed on July 6, which displayed a specimen 1,300 g and 17 X 12 X 10 cm. The light yellow tumor appeared between the renal parenchyma and large fatty masses. The tumor was histologically diagnosed as storiform-pleomorphic malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and disclosed infiltration of both the fibrous renal capsule and adjacent perirenal fatty tissue. There was no invasion of the tumor into the renal parenchyma and the case was considered to arise from the fibrous renal capsule or the perirenal tissue. Although he had been treated with ifosfamide and adriamycin three times after operation and with immunotherapy of 3 g of PSK per day for about five months, he died three years and one month after operation. We reviewed 58 cases of MFH arising from the retroperitoneum and genitourinary tract (urological MFH) in the Japanese literature.

Aged↗

PubMed1987

[Malignant melanoma in German-speaking countries in the 80's. Initial results of the central registry for malignant melanoma of the Germany Society of Dermatology in cooperation with the federal health office].

From July 1983 to April 1987, 2834 reports of malignant melanoma (MM) were received by the Central Registry of the German Dermatological Society in Berlin from 22 departments of dermatology in the German-speaking countries. Of these, 2277 reports were documented in a data bank and evaluated. Compared to earlier reports from the 1960s and 1970s the percentage of male patients with MM was found to be increased: 41% males, 59% females. Also, the tumor occurs today at a slightly younger age: 63% of all males and 56% of all females with MM were adults 30-60 years of age. In 10% of all MM patients, MM metastases were found during their first visit (stages II-IV). In addition, 37% of all patients in stage I without metastasis had MMs that were thicker than 1.5 mm. This indicates that there is a necessity for further information and early recognition of the MM in German-speaking countries. Regarding the therapeutic approach, considerable differences were noted among the various departments. Half of the primary MM excisions were conducted under local anesthesia, the rest with general anesthesia. In about 40% of all cases, a second surgical procedure was performed for larger excisions: half of the patients were operated on with safety margins of less than 3 cm. Twenty-seven percent of the patients in stage I MM received some type of adjuvant therapy, including chemo- and/or immunotherapy. However, postsurgical management varied greatly among the different departments. The additional results regarding possible risk factors, such as sun exposure and preexisting pigmented moles, are remarkable.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Notifiable malignant lesions in the RSA, 1979-1983--trends and mortality. I. Malignant neoplasms of the bronchus and lung.

Primary malignant tumours of the bronchus, lung and pleura were introduced as notifiable medical conditions in August 1979. The western Cape, Natal and eastern Cape have been the regions with the highest notification rates. Small numbers of cases and deaths were notified from other areas (Orange Free State, southern Transvaal, northern Transvaal and northern Cape). During the period 1979-1983 one-fifth of deaths registered at Central Statistical Services were notified to the Department of National Health and Population Development. Mortality due to lung cancer, as registered, increased by 39.3% in coloured females; from 24.2/100,000 to 33.7/100,000.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

[Malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Analysis of 216 cases of malignant neoplasms of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses].

This study is a retrospective analysis of 216 cases of malignant tumours of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, treated from 1965 to 1980. The mean age at diagnosis was 59 years, 70 per cent were men and 30 per cent women. There were 121 (56%) epidermoid carcinomas, and 31 (14%) adenocarcinomas. Three-year and five-year actuarial survival rate was 40 and 33 per cent respectively for epidermoid carcinomas, 72 and 50 per cent respectively for adenocarcinomas. Recurrences occurred in 46 per cent of epidermoid carcinomas and 42 per cent of adenocarcinomas. Early diagnosis is important to improve the survival rate, and radical primary treatment should be carried out to reduce the rate of recurrence.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Malignant tumor embolism: a rare presentation of malignant disease.

Tumor emboli to peripheral vessels usually arise from atrial myxomas. A new case of non-myxomatous embolization is presented, as well as a review of the literature regarding embolization from previously unrecognized malignancies. Sites of origin of peripheral tumor emboli are discussed, as are possible pathological mechanisms.

Aorta, Abdominal↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chromosomal characterization and isoenzyme pattern of non-malignant and malignant human urothelial cell lines.

The karyotypes and selected isoenzymes of five cell lines, HU 961b, HU 1922, HU 609, HCV-29 and HU 1703 He, were characterized. These cell lines were derived either from histologically normal human urothelial cells or from transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. They displayed different life span in vitro and transplantability in nude mice, as well as a unique isoenzyme and chromosomal pattern. In addition, various chromosomes were involved in the formation of marker chromosomes in these cell lines. Since there was a lack of consistency in chromosomal changes in the cell lines with TCC origin, the cause of malignancy could not be attributed to the abnormality of specific chromosomes.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗

PubMed1985

Precursors of malignant melanoma. Problems in computing the risk of malignant melanoma arising in dysplastic and congenital nevocytic nevi.

It has recently been shown that both dysplastic and congenital nevi are precursors to malignant melanoma. These findings are based upon mathematical models that show an increased risk of the nevi evolving into melanoma over random choice. However, problems exist with these models that may invalidate their results. The recommendation to remove dysplastic and congenital nevi prophylactically based upon models such as these is premature.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

[Immunological properties of malignant and nonmalignant L-cell sublines. I. Obtaining a malignant L-cell subline and its immunological cross reactivity with nonmalignant cells].

LS cells, the malignant subline of benign L cells, were obtained from L cells by selection carried out by means of their cultivation in the abdominal cavity of allogenic mice. When inoculated subcutaneously in a dose of 1 x 10(6) into the back, LS cells took and progressively grew in 70% of syngeneic animals. The preliminary immunization with L cells protected 30% of mice inoculated subsequently with L cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Common epithelial tumors of borderline malignancy (carcinomas of low malignant potential).

The creation of the category of ovarian borderline tumors has been a step forward in classification because it has segregated from the general group of common epithelial cancers a subgroup with an unusually good prognosis. Of all borderline tumors, the serous variety is the least difficult for the pathologist to diagnose. The mucinous borderline tumor is not as easy to recognize when an absence of invasion is used as the sole diagnostic criterion, but evaluation of other architectural as well as cytological features is helpful in making the diagnosis. Although the treatment of the majority of serous and mucinous borderline tumors is well standardized, therapy of residual serous borderline tumor is highly controversial and the treatment for pseudomyxoma peritonei, unsatisfactory. Borderline tumors exist in the endometrioid, clear cell, Brenner, and mixed common epithelial categories, but these tumors have been too rare to date in order to clearly characterize their clinical and pathological features. It is hoped that more can be learned about this general group of tumors by a more widespread recognition of their distinctive clinico-pathologic features and by their acceptance as a special subgroup of ovarian cancer. Their behavior differs strikingly from that of other types of malignant ovarian tumors and it is clear that their management should differ accordingly.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1983

Experimental studies on malignant fibrous histiocytomas. II. Ultrastructure of malignant fibrous histiocytomas induced by 4-(hydroxyamino)-quinoline 1-oxide in rats.

The ultrastructures of six subcutaneous and six bone malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) induced in rats by local application of the carcinogen, 4-(hydroxyamino)-quinoline 1-oxide (4-HAQO) were studied. The MFHs could be classified histologically into three subtypes: of the six subcutaneous MFHs, four were fibrous, one was giant cell, and one was myxoid; of the osseous MFHs, three were fibrous, one was giant cell, and two were myxoid. Five different types of cells were found in the MFHs: fibroblast-like cells, histiocyte-like cells, undifferentiated cells, xanthomatous cells, and multinucleated giant cells; the xanthomatous cells and multinucleated giant cells, however, were probably derived from histiocyte-like cells. Fibroblast-like cells predominated in storiform areas of the fibrous subtype; histiocyte-like cells and undifferentiated cells predominated in the giant cell subtype; intermediate cells predominated in the myxoid subtype. Acid phosphatase activity was found in lysosomes and myelin figures of the histiocyte-like cells in fibrous type MFH. The giant cell subtype of bone MFH has been transplanted serially into syngeneic rats and is now at the 17th generation. Transplantability exceeded 80%; doubling time was 3.8 to 6.1 days. Until the 3rd generation, the histology of the original tumor was retained; from the 4th generation, however, giant cells and xanthoma cells were no longer observed, and the tumor was composed mainly of undifferentiated cells. These results indicate that (a) MFH induced in the rat by 4-HAQO have an ultrastructure similar to human MFH and (b) the giant cell subtype transplanted serially is gradually transformed with a probable selection of stem cells and undifferentiated cells.

4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide↗

PubMed1984

Surface antigens of immunoprotective leukaemia x fibroblast hybrid cells which have lost malignant properties in histocompatible mice differ from the malignant parental cells.

Somatic hybrids of ASL-1 leukaemia cells and LM(TK-) fibroblast cells, established mouse cell lines, are rejected by immunocompetent histocompatible mice; however, they grow progressively in nude mice and proliferate indefinitely in vitro. Mice rejecting such hybrid cells exhibit immunity toward ASL-1 leukaemia cells, used as one of the parents in forming the hybrid. In histocompatible recipients, ASL-1 cells are highly malignant, but LM(TK-) cells are rejected. Several distinguishing characteristics in the properties of the surface antigens of the three cell types are described. ASL-1 cells and hybrid cells but not LM(TK-) cells form an antigenically cross-reactive leukaemia-associated antigen; however, it is not detected on the surface membranes of ASL-1 cells taken directly from leukaemic mice. The antigen becomes apparent after short-term culture of the cells. Serum from leukaemic animals, unlike specific antibodies, has no effect upon the expression of the leukaemia-associated antigen of either hybrid or ASL-1 cells. Hybrid cells form a 'second' antigen, foreign to F1 mice, which can be distinguished from the leukaemia-associated antigen of ASL-1 cells. It is not detected on either parental cell. The leukaemia-associated antigen of ASL-1 cells is more readily digested by each of three proteases used than the analogous antigen of hybrid cells. The heightened immunogenic properties of hybrid cells is reflected by the observation that spleen cells from mice injected with hybrid cells undergo extensive proliferation in short-term in vitro culture, with or without an added specific stimulus.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

[Current status of the problem of malignant lymphoma (on the centenary of the theory of malignant lymphoma)].

Malignant lymphomas (ML) differ from other neoplasms by an extreme variety of the morphological terms used for designation of different variants of these tumours and different terms are used to describe the same neoplasm. This resulted in the simultaneous use in different countries of not less than 6 ML classifications including the WHO histocytological classification (1976), which is not universally accepted. Kiel's classification of non-Hodgkin's ML (1974) is the most popular in the majority of the West and East European countries, in USA there is a similar classification by Lukes and Collins (1975). The "Working formulation of ML for the use in clinics" (USA, 1982) starts to be used, although it is simply a terminological compromise also containing certain faults. The historical review of the evolution of the ML concept is given starting from Th. Billroth' works (1883); the concrete examples are given illustrating the dynamics of the ML terms and evaluation of their nature. The singularity of the developmental steps of this concept is noted, in particular the "reticulosis era" (1923-1973). The dependence of ML estimate upon the existing, in a given period, schemes of hemopoiesis is pointed out. The data on the state of this problem in different countries are presented and the necessity of its joint discussion by pathologists and clinicians in order to work out the identical nomenclature for the designation of the same type of ML is outlined.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Synchronous double primary malignant lymphoma of low grade malignancy and early cancer (collision tumor) of the stomach.

Collision tumors of the stomach are rare tumors, with about 32 cases reported in the English and German literature. In this report the case of a 65-year-old male with a synchronous primary malignant lymphoma (immunocytoma) and an early cancer of the stomach is presented. A total gastrectomy with esophago-jejunostomy was performed. Postoperatively the affected region was irradiated. 30 months later a re-evaluation did not reveal any recurrence of the disease. The diagnostic and therapeutic problems of collision tumors of the stomach and a possible relationship between the two tumors are discussed against the background of the literature.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1980

Incidence of malignant thyroid tumors in humans after exposure to diagnostic doses of iodine-131. II. Estimation of thyroid gland size, thyroid radiation dose, and predicted versus observed number of malignant thyroid tumors.

The size of the thyroid glands was analyzed for 10% of the patients in a selected group that had been exposed to diagnostic doses of 131I. The mean thyroid gland weight +/- SD was 50 +/- 33 g for patients 20 or more years of age and 10 +/- 5 g for patients less than 20 years of age. With the present follow-up, diagnostic doses of 131I appeared not to be associated with an increased risk for later development of malignant thyroid tumors. Possible reasons for the difference between the observed number of such tumors and the number expected (47-124) on the basis of risk estimates of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation are discussed.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗