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PubMed1979

[Reaction performance, motor coordination performance and findings in hypertensive patients under diisopropylamine and reserpine therapy].

In 64 male hypertonics the reaction and coordination functions and the condition were standardized and compared before and after a four weeks ambulatory treatment with diisopropylamine (3 times 200 mg a day) and reserpine (3 times 0.25 mg a day). The two medicaments achieved good blood pressure reducing effects. Since in reserpine the therapeutic effect later appeared, fatigue and need for sleep were more frequent and continuous, in older patients still after a treatment of four weeks right and temporary reactions decreased, wrong reaction increased and the aim accelerated, is concluded that here in particular in the behaviour of older people more frequently a longer lasting disturbance is probable.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Studies on the performance of the dental air turbine handpieces. (Part 2) Classification and rotational performance of the dental air turbine handpieces (author's transl)].

For the purpose of the clinical and technical uses, air turbine handpieces are widely used for the high speed cutting instruments. And then, there are the many kinds of air turbine handpieces which are classified with the standard, minutia and torque types etc. So, in this paper, we examined the rotational properties of air turbine handpieces in the consideration of these classifications. And the relations between the reduction of the rotational speed and the rotational loads on the handpieces are fundamentally investigated. As the results of these investigations, it was revealed that rotational forces of the toque type air turbine are very excellent and the rotational speed of the air bearing type air turbine is higher than that of other type handpieces. And we obtained the practical properties of the rotational ability of air hand pieces.

Air↗
PubMed1994

[Is reading and writing performance of boys more dependent on quality of education than the performance of girls?].

In a longitudinal study of the reading and spelling development stable differences between classes were observed. These differences could be explained only in part by differences in the mean of intelligence. In reading and spelling skills the girls were about the same level in all classes, whereas the boys in the low-achievement classes were much poorer readers and spellers than those in the high-achievement classes. The question whether the differences between classes in achievement level could be explained as the consequences of differences in the quality of reading instruction is discussed as well as the additional question whether the larger differences between boys in different classes than between girls might be due to an interaction of factors at school and outside of school.

Austria↗
PubMed1994

Willingness of male homosexuals to perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

BACKGROUND: Providing mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (MMR) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a proven effective lifesaving procedure. However, the perceived risk to the rescuer of contracting infectious diseases, especially acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), by performing MMR on a possibly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive individual is probably affecting the number of people willing to perform MMR. Physicians and nurses constitute a major part of citizen cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) responders and serve as CPR educators and resource personnel. Currently, the fear of physicians and nurses of contracting infectious disease has dampened their willingness to perform MMR, and thus has reduced the number of strangers who will receive MMR. Homosexual males, like the medical community, have an increased perceived risk of acquiring infectious diseases, especially AIDS, and have been the target of intense educational efforts concerning the transmission of HIV. By (a) determining the willingness of various groups to perform MMR, (b) elucidating the factors which affect their willingness to perform MMR, and (c) comparing this willingness to the actual, not perceived, risk of acquiring HIV by performing MMR, either appropriate changes can be made to educate people in the performance of MMR, by informing them of the actual risks of contracting infectious diseases, or alternative methods of resuscitation, involving 'lay-on' masks, can be recommended. Thus the willingness of homosexual males to perform MMR was determined and compared to the previously determined actual reluctance of the medical community to perform MMR in similar hypothetical scenarios. METHODS: During interviews, 200 male homosexuals in Los Angeles were asked to assume that they knew how to perform CPR and MMR and to indicate how they would respond to four hypothetical cardiac arrest scenarios. These scenarios included cardiac arrests of a child, a trauma victim, a young man in a gay neighbourhood, and a victim of unknown history. Demographical data concerning the respondents was also obtained. RESULTS: Of the homosexual men surveyed, 93 and 85% stated they would perform MMR on a stranger of unknown history, if they, the rescuer, were HIV negative or positive, respectively, (P < 0.001). Similarly, a high percentage of the presumed HIV negative and HIV positive respondents stated a high willingness to perform MMR in response to hypothetical cardiac arrest scenarios involving a trauma victim, a child, and a young man in a gay neighbourhood. CONCLUSIONS: The willingness of male homosexuals to perform MMR is high, in contrast to the general reluctance of internists and medical nurses to perform MMR in the same outpatient scenarios. The different perceived risks of male homosexuals and physicians acquiring infectious diseases by performing MMR is probably responsible for the difference in willingness of these two groups to perform MMR. The high perceived risk of acquiring infectious diseases due to performance of MMR currently held by physicians in general may be lowered by increasing educational efforts. CPR courses should (a) discuss actual and perceived risks of acquiring infectious diseases by MMR, (b) discuss and weigh a small, and possibly not valid, risk of contracting an infectious disease while performing MMR on a victim, and (c) emphasize techniques involving 'lay-on' barrier masks. The availability of effective 'lay-on' barrier masks' should also be increased.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2006

Syneture stainless STEEL suture. A collective review of its performance in surgical wound closure.

Syneture (division of U.S. Surgical, division of Tyco Healthcare, Norwalk, Connecticut, USA) STEEL sutures are monofilament stainless steel sutures composed of 316L stainless steel conforming to ASTM Standard F138 grade 2 (" Stainless steel bar and wire for surgical implant"). STEEL sutures meet all requirements established by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) for nonabsorbable surgical sutures. Steel sutures are for use in abdominal wound closure, intestinal anastomosis, hernia repair, sternal closure, and skin closure. They are attached to the following types of surgical needles: Roto-Grip Needles and SCC Needle. The sutures and needles are packaged in a Mylar/Tyvek outer envelope. The purposes of this clinical review are two fold. First, we will report the performance of the Syneture STEEL suture product in the largest studies of suture performance ever reported in the literature. In addition, we will provide comprehensive information from the surgical literature that highlights the unique benefits of stainless steel sutures for the following wound closure techniques: sternal fixation, abdominal wound repair, inguinal hernia repair, and skin wound closure. Consorta Inc. (Rolling Meadows, Illinois), a leading healthcare resource management group purchasing organization, and Syneture, jointly with a clinician task force, designed a reproducible surgical evaluation program for needles and sutures in a large cooperative of healthcare systems. Because of the subjective nature of the more commonly used suture selection techniques, a nonexperimental observational study approach was designed to replace perception of performance characteristics with actual clinical experience. In a report involving 19 Consorta shareholder hospitals, they discussed the preliminary part (Phase I) of a large nonexperimental observational study of the clinical performance of surgical needles and sutures. Performance characteristics of the sutures and needles produced by Syneture that were evaluated in 3407 surgical procedures included packaging/ease of opening, needle strength and sharpness, tissue drag, knot security, tensile strength, clinically acceptable determinations, and clinically unacceptable determinations. In this preliminary study, the surgeons concluded that the needles and sutures were clinically acceptable in 98.1% of the evaluations. Armed with this favorable experience, we wanted to expand this observational study to an entirely new group of shareholder hospitals that had a larger number of participating hospitals (Phase I, 19 hospitals; Phase II, 42 hospitals). This more than doubling of hospital observational base dramatically increased the number of patients and performance evaluations. In the Phase II expanded program involving 42 hospitals, the number of patients (8939) and the number of evaluations (25,545) were more than twofold the preliminary study. In the phase I multicentric evaluation of Syneture surgical sutures, the performance of 9266 sutures was evaluated. Of these performance evaluations, 130 evaluations focused on Syneture STEEL sutures. The surgeons were especially pleased by the performance of this suture product, with 129 Syneture STEEL products being judged as clinically acceptable in their performance. Only one Syneture STEEL suture was judged to be unacceptable in its performance, resulting in a 99.2% acceptability rating. In the expanded phase II evaluation of Syneture suture products, the performance evaluation involved 25,545 surgical suture evaluations. The performance of Syneture STEEL sutures was judged in 215 cases. Of these product performance evaluations, 207 were judged to be clinically acceptable in their performance (96.3%). It is important to emphasize that the phase I and phase II observational studies evaluated the performance of other sutures besides monofilament steel sutures. These comprehensive suture and needle performance evaluations included the following additional sutures: Plain Gut, Mild Chromic Gut, Chromic Gut, DEXON II, DEXON S, MAXON, BIOSYN, SOFSILK, SURGILON, BRALON, MONOSOF, DERMALON, SURGIDAC, POLY-SORB, TI.CRON, SURGIPRO, SURGIPRO II, NOVAFIL, VASCUFIL, and FLEXON. Finally, we provide a collective review of the literature that shows the reliable performance of monofilament stainless steel sutures in the following wound closure techniques: sternal fixation, abdominal wound closure, inguinal hernia repair, and skin wound closure.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Consistency of within-day and across-day performance after mild brain injury.

The objective of this study was to determine whether inconsistent and erratic within-day and across-day performance is a symptom of mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to determine whether impaired consistency of performance can coexist, in the same patient, with intact or "normal" performance on single administrations of neuropsychological and other cognitive tests. The design was a matched-pair study in which a computerized cognitive test battery was administered 30 times over 4 days to all subjects. Performance patterns between TBI and control subjects were compared. Subjects also received traditional neuropsychological testing. The setting was a rehabilitation hospital outpatient department. The subjects were 12 adult volunteers, six with documented TBI and six with no history of TBI, neurologic illness, or injury. Control subjects showed consistent improvement of performance over days 1 to 4, whereas subjects with TBI showed erratic and inconsistent performance across days. In addition to inconsistent performance, some subjects with TBI showed worsening performance across days. The main outcome measures were performance on the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) battery and performance on traditional neuropsychological tests. Some patients with TBI in the study who have normal initial performance on traditional clinical neuropsychological tests and newly developed computerized cognitive tests show abnormalities of sustained performance. Such abnormalities are most apparent when performance is observed over multiple days, and are characterized by erratic and inconsistent across-day performance. Inconsistent performance was observed even in those subjects with TBI whose initial performance was equal to or better than that of the control subjects. Deficits in dynamic performance may explain why some patients with TBI who have excellent neuropsychological test performance nonetheless complain of functional decrement from premorbid ability.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Moderate-domain pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics and endurance running performance.

The aims of this study were to determine if the primary time constant (tau) for oxygen uptake (VO2) at the onset of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise is related to endurance running performance, and to establish if tau could be considered a determinant of endurance running performance. Thirty-six endurance trained male runners performed a series of laboratory tests, on separate days, to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), the ventilatory threshold (VT) and running economy. In addition, runners completed six transitions from walking (4 km x h-1) to moderate-intensity running (80% VT) for the determination of the VO2 primary time constant and mean response time. During all tests, pulmonary gas-exchange was measured breath-by-breath. Endurance running performance was determined using a treadmill 5-km time-trial, after which runners were considered as combined performers (n=36) and, using a ranking system, high performers (n=10) and low performers (n=10). Relationships between tau and endurance running performance were quantified using correlation coefficients (r). Stepwise multiple regression was used to determine the primary predictor variables of endurance running performance in combined performers. Moderate correlations were observed between tau, mean response time and endurance running performance, but only for the combined performers (r=-0.55, P=0.001 and r=-0.50, P=0.002, respectively). The regression model for predicting 5-km performance did not include tau or mean response time. The velocity at VO2max was strongly correlated to endurance running performance in all groups (r=0.72 - 0.84, P < 0.01) and contributed substantially to the prediction of performance. In conclusion, the results suggest that despite their role in determining the oxygen deficit and having a moderate relationship with endurance running performance, neither tau nor mean response time is a primary determinant of endurance running performance.

Adult↗