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Results for “Cephalometry”

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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

[Cephalometric comparison of hard-tissue morphology between extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatment in borderline cases].

OBJECTIVE: To compare hard-tissue morphology by cephalometric measurements between extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatment in borderline cases. METHODS: The samples consisted of 33 cases selected as borderline cases by 5 orthodontic specialists. They were divided into 21 extraction cases (including 13 four first premolar extraction cases and 8 second premolar extraction cases) and 12 nonextraction cases by checking patients' treatment records. Conventional cephalometric analysis was made to compare hard tissue structures before and after orthodontic treatment and the same comparison was made between two different extraction patterns. RESULTS: No statistical difference was found on pretreatment hard-tissue morphology between extraction and non-extraction groups divided from borderline cases. The SNB angle of the four first premolars extraction group was smaller than that of the four second premolars extraction group by (4.0+/-1.3) degrees P<0.01 . The statistical significant differences of the post-treatment hard-tissue cephalometry between extraction and nonextraction and between two different extraction patterns were found to be limited to the items related to the tooth position. CONCLUSION: Conventional cephalometric analysis cannot differentiate extraction or non-extraction treatment selection from borderline cases. The differences between extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatments were limited to tooth positions but had no skeletal relation. Extraction of the four second premolars could prevent upper incisors from uprighting as it often follows the four first premolar extraction treatment. Extraction of the four first premolars could change the incisor position much more than extraction of the four second premolars. The changes of four second premolar extraction treatment were much similar to non-extraction treatment.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed2004

[A cephalometric study of the craniofacial morphology in adult patients with unoperated cleft palate.].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of cleft palate on the craniofacial morphology in adult patients with unoperated cleft palate by cephalometric analysis. METHODS: X-ray cephalometry was used for the study of craniofacial morphology carried out in 7 male and 8 female patients with unoperated cleft palate. Pointing measurements were done with the methods of Downs and Steiner. The data of the cephalometric measurements were compared with that of Guangxi native normal adults by t test. RESULTS: The unoperated cleft palate patient,s SNA,ANS-Ptm(FH) and L1-MP were smaller or shorter than those of normal group while Po-NB was longer. There was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05 or 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The deformities of adult patients with unoperated cleft palate were mainly considered to be that the anterior and posterior length of maxilla show hypoplastic while the vertical height of the maxilla the length of anterior cranial fossa and mandible was normal. But the retrusion of alveolar mandible led to chin protrusion.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Nasal cavity perforation by palatal implants: false-positive records on the lateral cephalogram.

PURPOSE: Lateral cephalometric films were examined for their validity as a tool for the postoperative evaluation of palatal implant placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cephalometric and histometric data of 20 partially edentulous human cadaveric maxillae were compared. Lateral cephalograms of the specimens were made, and the palatal complex was pencil traced. In addition, low-dose dental computerized tomography (CT) scans were obtained from every specimen. Based on the CT data, palatal implants (Orthosystem; Institut Straumann, Waldenburg, Switzerland) were placed. Postimplantation, another lateral cephalometric film was recorded. The specimens were prepared for histologic examination. The preoperative tracings were superimposed on the postoperative cephalometric films. RESULTS: Of 20 implants placed, 12 were 4 mm long and 8 were 6 mm long. The distance between the cranial end of the implants and the nasal floor on microscopy ranged from 0.3 to 9.3 mm. Perforation of the nasal floor was absent throughout on intraoperative probing, while 2 implants projected beyond the nasal floor on histologic analysis of the specimens. An analysis of the superimposed pre- and postoperative cephalograms showed 5 implants projecting beyond the nasal floor. Histologically, only 1 of these projecting implants had actually caused perforation of the palatal complex. A comparison between the histometric and the cephalometric data showed that cephalometry, on average, imaged the palatal complex 0.8 mm below the actual anatomic site. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Twenty percent of palatal implants projecting beyond the nasal floor were false-positive records on the postoperative lateral cephalograms. Despite CT scans, 10% of the implants placed caused fenestration of the nasal cavity by histologic evidence. If the palatal complex was perforated, intraoperative probing with a periodontal probe did not confirm the perforation. Bone perforations up to 1.3 mm did not necessarily result in frank perforation of the nasal mucosa. Two-dimensional images could not be related to actual penetrations into the nasal cavity.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Craniofacial characteristics of the Class II division 1 malocclusion patients with mouth-breating: a posteroanterior].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the craniofacial characteristics of the Class II malocclusion patients with mouth-breating by posteroanterior cephalometry. METHODS: To measure craniofacial width of the 12 Class II malocclusion patients with mouth-breathing, and to compared these measures with corresponding measures in a group of normal children. RESULTS: The width of the maxillary base bone (J-J) was less than that in normal children significantly (P < 0.01). The mouth-breathing children's upper and lower arch width (at first molar and cuspid) were comparatively narrower, and lateronasal width (Lap-Lap) was narrower too. CONCLUSION: Mouth breathing may lead to craniofacial morphological abnormal development in craniofacial transverse structures.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

A cephalometric comparison of patients with the sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome and their siblings.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To define differences in the skeletal components of facial structure predisposing to the obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) by a comparison of the craniofacial complex between people with OSAHS and their siblings without OSAHS. DESIGN: Case-control study using sibling pairs. SETTING: Scottish Sleep Centre. PARTICIPANTS: 104 patients with OSAHS living in Scotland and 107 of their siblings. INTERVENTIONS: All subjects had sleep studies, clinical review, and cephalometry performed. All measurements were scored blind to index or control status. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: 207 cephalograms were available for analysis, of which 145 were for dentate subjects (90 with definite OSAHS; 55 without). In the dentate subjects, regression analysis (correcting for body mass index and age) showed OSAHS was associated with a significantly longer distance from the hyoid bone to the mandibular plane in men (P = .02) and in women (P = .036). Regression analysis in 22 pairs of dentate brothers, discordant for the diagnosis of OSAHS (controlling for age and body mass index), showed a shorter mandibular corpus (P = .013) and lower hyoid in relation to the mandibular plane (P = .006) to be significantly associated with a diagnosis of OSAHS. CONCLUSIONS: Men and women with OSAHS have a lower-set hyoid bone than do those without OSAHS. This occurs independently of obesity and remains even when intersubject variance is minimized by performing pairwise comparison of the craniofacial complex between siblings with and without OSAHS.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[K-mean cluster analysis for incisal jaw morphology of normal occlusion subjects among different vertical facial skeletal types].

OBJECTIVE: To study the incisal jaw morphology of subjects with normal occlusion and to discuss the relationship between different vertical facial skeletal types and different incisal jaw cluster types. METHODS: After studied by radiographic cephalometry, the incisal jaw morphology of 169 subjects with normal occlusion in early permanent dentition were analyzed by K-mean cluster analysis. RESULTS: Morphology of maxillary or mandibular incisal jaws could be divided into four types separately, including division I, division II, division III and division N. In maxilla or in mandible, the incisal jaw morphology of division I was characterized by wideness and shortness. In contrast, division II was characterized by thinness and length. As for division III and division IV, both of two were intermediate types between division I and division II . In maxilla, it was found that division II was the majority (86.49%) in the high-angle subjects, division III was the majority (47.67%) in the average-angle subjects, and division I and III were the majority (82.61%) in the low-angle subjects. In mandible, it was found that division II was the majority (51.35%) in the high-angle subjects, division IV was the majority (48.84%) in the average-angle subjects, and division III and IV were the majority (69.57%) in the low-angle subjects. CONCLUSION: Owing to the obvious characteristics of morphology in each cluster types and in each vertical facial skeletal types, different clinic considerations must be put forward when we want to move the incisor.

Cephalometry↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the upper airway cross-sectional area changes in different degrees of severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: cephalometric and dynamic CT study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The upper airway lumen is narrower in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) than normal subjects. In this study, we examined changes of the upper airway cross-sectional area in each phase of respiration in different degrees of severity of OSAS with dynamic CT and investigated whether these changes have any correlation with sleep apnea severity parameters, including polysomnography (PSG) and cephalometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May and November 2004, 47 patients who had at least 2 of 3 major symptoms of snoring, daytime somnolence, and apnea with witness were included in this prospective study. As control group, 24 habitual snorers were studied. All patients underwent PSG and upper airway CT. The average number of episodes of apnea and hypopnea per hour of sleep (the apnea-hypopnea index, AHI) was calculated. An AHI of 5 -29 represented mild/moderate OSAS and an AHI > or = 30 represented severe OSAS. Cross-sectional area of the airway at the level of oropharynx and hypopharynx were obtained in each phase of quiet tidal breathing and at the end of both the forced inspiration and expiration. Six standard cephalometric measurements were made on the lateral scout view. All parameters were compared between controls and mild/moderate and severe OSAS groups. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients had mild/moderate OSAS, and 20 patients had severe OSAS. Patients with severe OSAS had significantly narrower cross-sectional area at the level of uvula in expiration, more inferiorly positioned hyoid bone, and thicker soft palate compared with patients with mild/moderate OSAS (P < .05) and the control group (P < .05). In addition, severe OSAS patients had bigger neck circumference than those in the control group (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Patients with severe OSAS had significant differences in the parameters. Measurement of the cross-sectional area of oropharynx in expiration can especially be useful for diagnosis of severe OSAS as a new key point.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Study of the dento-facial features in children of Han nationality with normal occlusion in Shandong district].

PURPOSE: To establish the standard values of roentgengraphic cephalometry in children with normal occlusion in Shandong district and to make the facial model. METHODS: 156 children were selected to take lateral cephalograph, and were divided into two groups: mixed dentition and early permanent dentition. Cephalograms were analyzed for all subjects with WinCeph7.0. Data were obtained for student's t test between the two groups and between males and females. RESULTS: The norms with derivation for all measurement of X ray cephalometrical analysis on hard tissues were established. Meanwhile, the difference between males and females was compared and the facial model of children with normal occlusion was made. CONCLUSION: Gender difference was shown in linear measurements, with greater growth in males in general. The growing tendency of children from mixed dentition to early permanent dentition was that the maxilla of the male grows faster while the mandible of the female grows faster.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed2006

[Correlation analysis on the malocclusion and articulation of skeletal angle III malocclusion in mixed dentition].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of skeletal Class III malocclusion in mixed dentition on speech articulation and to look for which factors lead to the speech errors. METHODS: Thirty-eight children with skeletal Angle Ill malocclusion in mixed dentition were selected as a sample group and 40 children with normal occlusion in mixed dentition as a control group. Two phoneticians evaluated their articulations and wrote down error phonemes respectively. The correlation analysis was undertaken between the number of errors and the measurements of patients' cephalometry. RESULTS: The number of errors were correlated significantly with overbite, UI-LI, OBJ (OB+OJ) and TD-PW. CONCLUSION: There is articulatory malfunction in the majority of skeletal Angle III malocclusion patients in mixed dentition. Articulatory malfunction is related to the position of incisors and the tongue.

Cephalometry↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Hemifacial microsomia: cephalometric evaluation].

Among the facial deformities one of the most frequent is the hemifacial microsomia. The Authors after a revision of the literature refer about their study. They utilize lateral, antero-posterior cephalometry and orthopantomogram to exactly identify the deformities. The Authors report the results of the analysis and emphasize that the functional alterations of the stomatologic system are of basical importance in the genesis of the syndrome.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed1991

[The morphology of the base of the cranium in prognathism. A cephalometric study of adult patients].

The cranial base of 60 adults affected by mandibular prognathism was studied with the aid of a computerized cephalometric analysis. The means and standard deviations of the values measured on the sample where compared with the cephalometric standards of the University of Michigan. The studied sample showed a significant reduction in length of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa, the cranial base angle showed no deviation from the control but the whole cranial base was backward and upward rotated in relation to the Frankfurt plane. The cranial base morphology was similar in patients with or without maxillary retrusion. The data in our possession may indicate that mid-facial sagittal growth in patients affected by mandibular prognathism is somehow impaired by altered cranial base growth. In any case the sagittal projection of the frontal and nasal bones appears to be reduced in our patients and this data must be kept in mind when studying these patients with the aid of cephalometry.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Craniofacial suture stenosis: morphologic effects.

Craniofacial anomalies, such as Apert's and Crouzon's syndromes, are presumed to be related to premature growth arrest of cranial base growth sites. However, premature growth arrest at cranial vault sutures in animals appears to play a causative role in the development of cranial deformities characteristic of single-suture, or simple, craniosynostosis in humans. To study the possible causative role of cranial vault and other (interface) suture stenoses on the development of craniofacial deformity, a vault suture and an interface suture between the cranial vault and facial skeleton were simultaneously immobilized. Thirty-one New Zealand White rabbits at 9 days of age underwent implantation of dental amalgam growth markers adjacent to cranial vault and facial sutures. In the experimental group (n = 15), methylcyanoacrylate adhesive was applied over the coronal (vault) and frontonasal (interface suture between vault and facial skeleton) sutures to immobilize them. The remaining 16 animals served as sham-treated controls. All animals underwent serial radiographic cephalometry to document growth effects in the cranial vault, cranial base, and facial skeleton. Application of adhesive resulted in statistically significant (p less than 0.05) reduction in growth at the coronal and frontonasal sutures. This was accompanied by an overall significant reduction in neurocranial vault length during the first 30 days of development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Postural changes of the tongue and hyoid bone following orthognathodontic surgical interventions].

The study was carried out on 28 dysgnathic patients submitted to surgical correction of malocclusion with the use of latero-lateral X-rays pre- and postoperatively. Cephalometry included a tongue and hyoid bone profiles and changes were assessed and quantified. It was interesting to note that aspecific evaluation of progenia patients confirmed the raising of the tongue and the lowering of the hyoid bone. Evaluation of the type of operation carried out led to further considerations. In patients undergoing combined operation there was a prevalence of a raising of the two components; mandible operation alone influences the downward shift of the tongue and hyoid bone. The advance of the upper maxillary, on the other hand, particularly when associated with segmentary osteotomy, is accompanied by a combined shift upwards of both tongue and hyoid bone.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical and anthropologic aspects of form and size of the child's head].

The author recommends the classic direct cephalometry for measurements in clinical anthropology during childhood. It is referred a trend of debrachycephalization in the Czech child population. The presented results prove a decreasing cephalic index from birth up to 3 years of life and a relationship between positioning of the child and the shape and size of the child's neurocranium.

Anthropology, Physical↗

PubMed1989

[Dismorphism. Long face syndrome. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations].

The Authors consider the main clinical aspects that characterize the Long Face Syndrome. In the more serious cases, where it is the global presence of the several elements which concur to the increase of the vertical facial dimension, it is suitable a precise diagnostic checking to the three-dimensional surgical correction to realize in one time. The Authors, in the treated cases, emphasize, on the one hand, besides the traditional cephalometry, the importance of the counter-party analysis of Enlow and, on the other, they emphasize the use of the present imaging means like CT and MR to the structural evaluation of the dysmorphism in the muscular and skeletal components. From the surgical aspect the Authors emphasize the favourable results obtained associating the surgical expansion of the upper maxilla with autogenous osseous graft to the traditional maxillary osteotomies, that favours: 1) the increase of the transverse diameter, to the orthognatodontic correction of the crossbite; 2) the correction of the nasal respiratory insufficiency; 3) the precise definition and the correction of the vertical dimension of the upper maxilla.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Technology and progress in orthodontics].

As in other areas of dentistry, too, technological progress has resulted in new developments for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in orthodontics. The use of new technologies is focussed on two main areas: the use of new materials and methods in the treatment with fixed appliances, and the use of electronic data processing in diagnosis, particularly in cephalometry.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed1977

Anthropometry of the face in lateral facial dysplasia: the bilateral form.

The morphology of the head, face, and ears was studied in 26 patients with bilateral lateral facial dysplasia in The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, using anthropometric and cephalometric methods. The anthropometric data of the maxilla and mandible were compared to the cephalometric findings. The study showed that, in the majority of the patients, one side of the face was more damaged than the other was was associated with a high frequency of defects in all areas of the face. The microtic ear was not necessarily part of this syndrome. The anthropometry proved to be a valuable supplement to the x-ray cephalometry assessment of the malformed face.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Facial changes in children treated with the Activator appliance: a lateral cephalometric study.

Using lateral cephalometry, facial profile changes in 32 children treated with the Activator appliance were assessed and compared to profile changes in 12 untreated children of same age and with similar malocclusions. The results of this study indicated that the maxillary region of the facial profile underwent similar changes in both groups. In contrast, the mandibular changes were different, with the treated group showing more mandibular advancement than the untreated group during the period examined.

Activator Appliances↗