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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Proposed guidelines for screening of metabolic and endocrine diseases of dependent neonates of the U.S. Armed Forces. Derived from a survey of state guidelines for neonatal screening of metabolic diseases.

State regulations for neonatal screening for metabolic diseases do not optimally serve the needs of the dependents of the U.S. Armed Forces. Guidelines are therefore proposed for the neonatal screening for metabolic disease based both on responses received across the United States and on the unique needs of the U.S. Armed Forces. The guidelines agree with the policies outlined by various national medical and scientific organizations. It is suggested that neonates be screened for phenylketonuria (PKU), hypothyroidism, galactosemia, and maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). The screening program is cost-effective and feasible. Prior to implementing the program throughout the U.S. military, a pilot program based at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology should be started.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed2001

Incidence of endocrine disease among residents of New York areas of concern.

There are six Areas of Concern, as identified by the International Joint Commission, located in New York State. Three are contiguous in western New York and have similar contaminants (Buffalo River, Niagara River, and 18 Mile Creek). We used the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database, which records diagnoses according to the (italic)International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision(/italic) codes for all patients admitted to state-regulated hospital facilities, to compare incidence of selected diseases reported in hospitalized patients who reside in ZIP codes that are within 15 miles of any of these sites to those of residents of three different control populations: all residents of the rest of New York State (including New York City), all residents of ZIP codes outside New York City that do not contain any site identified as a federal or state Superfund site, and all residents of ZIP codes outside New York City that contain a federal or state Superfund site that does not have one or more persistent organic pollutants listed as a major contaminant. We found a significant elevation of disorders of the thyroid gland in women, but not in men, of all ages greater than 25 years on all three comparisons, as well as an increased incidence of morbidity from diseases of the female genital tract in women between age 25 to greater than 75 years for all comparison groups. There was also a significant elevation in incidence of endometriosis in women 25-44 years of age. All these elevations were significant at the 99% confidence level. Incidence of diseases of ovaries and testes and female infertility were not different from those in the rest of New York State. Although many factors influence incidence of thyroid and genital diseases, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to environmental contaminants through residence near polluted sites may be a factor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Endocrine diseases in POEMS syndrome. Apropos of 4 cases].

POEMS syndrome is a rare systemic multi-organ disease usually reported in Japanese patients. The clinical course is slow with a 5-year survival of 60%. Death is caused by polyneuropathy and or anasarka. We observed four cases in our ward (all males, aged 39, 57, 54 and 54 years) who all presented at least four characteristic clinical signs. Gynecomasty together with impotency was seen in all patients. All had hypogonadism and borderline hyperprolactinaemia. Hyperoestrogenism was seen in two. In three patients, rare endocrinopathies were part of the POEMS syndrome. One patient had diabetes mellitus. The clinical course was variable and a function of the effectiveness of plasmocyte dyscrasia therapy. Little work has been done on endocrinopathies in POEMS syndrome. In most cases, gonadotrope function is impaired with gynecomasty and impotency in men, amenorrhoea in women. Generally the hypogonadism is hypogonadotropic. Hyperoestrogenism is frequent and prolactin levels are normal or high with an exaggerated response to thyroid releasing hormone stimulation. The aetiology of POEMS syndrome is unknown. Current research is based on an immunologic theory based on the discovery of high levels of interleukin 6 in POEMS patients with or without Castleman's disease. The cytokine would affect the different organs and lead to clinical expression. Corticosteroids are usually effective in most patients, particularly in reducing the oedema and controlling the polyneuropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Twin genes and endocrine disease: CYP21 and CYP11B genes.

CYP21 and CYP11B genes have a common feature: they are "twin" genes. It seems as if doubling and subsequent drifting apart rendered these genes particularly sensitive to defect acquisition by mechanisms involving recombinatorial events. This creates specific difficulties in the molecular diagnosis of defects.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗
PubMed1981

The endocrine profile of bromocriptine: its application in endocrine diseases.

Bromocriptine, a potent agonist at Dz receptors, was developed as a therapeutic agent for inhibiting prolactin (PRL) secretion in patients with hyperprolactinemia. Besides, its PRL-suppressive effect and a short-lasting growth hormone (GH)-releasing effect in normal volunteers, bromocriptine has no other endocrine effects in healthy subjects. On the other hand, bromocriptine lowers GH secretion in acromegalic patients and ACTH secretion in some patients with Cushing's disease or Nelson's syndrome. The paper reviews the endocrine actions of bromocriptine in man, in normal and pathological conditions, the bromocriptine's mechanism of action and its clinical applications in endocrinology.

Bromocriptine↗
PubMed1975

Metabolic responses to monocomponent human insulin infusions in normal subjects and patients with liver and endocrine disease.

Hypoglycaemic and growth hormone responses were studied at different steady-state plasma insulin concentrations during a graded infusion of monocomponent human insulin. The control group consisted of ten volunteer subjects. The other groups studied included women taking oral contraceptives and patients with obesity, thyrotoxicosis, myxoedema, acromegaly, diabetes mellitus (moderate and severe) and liver disease. The hypoglycaemic response was measured in two ways: (i) the percentage reduction in plasma glucose below basal, and (ii) the rate of fall of plasma glucose (Kg-%/min). Insulin sensitivity was greatest in the normal subjects and in the other groups decreased in the order thyrotoxicosis greater than oral contraceptive greater than obesity greater than myxoedema greater than acromegaly greater than liver disease. Insulin sensitivity was difficult to assess in the diabetic patients because basal plasma glucose concentrations were elevated. At any given insulin concentration, the diabetics metabolized approximately the same amount of glucose as the normal subjects but the fact that this rate of glucose turnover occurred at higher plasma glucose concentrations probably indicated insulin resistance. Within each group Kg at each dose level of insulin correlated with the steady state plasma insulin concentration during the same infusion period. Diminishing sensitivity to insulin was reflected in an increasing fasting plasma insulin and insulin/glucose ratio except in patients with diabetes. GH responses to insulin infusion in normal subjects reflected the pattern of fall of plasma glucose. In the diabetic patients GH secretion appeared to be related to the infusion of insulin and occurred before plasma glucose had fallen to hypoglycaemic levels. GH secretory patterns were within normal limits in women taking oral contraceptives and in seven of eleven patients with liver disease but were impaired in three of seven patients with thyrotoxicosis and four of five patients with myxoedema. Four obese patients had a markedly delayed but eventually normal GH response.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed2006

[Diabetes mellitus and frequently associated endocrine diseases].

The simultaneous occurrence of type 1 or type 2 diabetes with various hormonal diseases (e.g. thyroid, adrenal, pituitary disease) is a frequent observation. A chronically poorly controlled metabolism can alter the hormone parameters of the diabetic. In contrast, an acute loss of metabolic control may be a sign of a newly manifesting hormonal disease, and needs always prompt an appropriate diagnostic work-up and treatment. In view of the frequency both of diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease, a regular check--at least yearly and always in case of unclear worsening of diabetic control--of thyroid gland function is mandatory. The aim is to provide appropriate treatment, and thus to stabilize the patient's metabolic status, as early as possible.

Adrenal Insufficiency↗
PubMed2003

[Hybrid imaging for endocrine diseases: new perspectives].

Hybrid Imaging, also termed dual modality imaging, is the technique of fusionizing and interpreting images, that are gained from two different modalities constructed in one unit. Therefore, hybrid imaging may be regarded as a form of image fusion. Clinical applications in the field of endocrinology are the localization of neuroendocrine tumors and of lesions of the adrenal or the parathyroid glands. Significant diagnostic impact can be gained with this technique influencing the certainty of radiological reports.

Endocrine System Diseases↗
PubMed1979

[Anemias in infection, inflammation, tumors and liver, kidney and endocrine diseases].

Secondary anemias due to infections, malignancies, endocrinopathies, hepatic and renal disorders, are discussed in terms of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Typical features for each type of secondary anemia are presented to enable a diagnosis by means of simple laboratory methods. Differential diagnosis is rather difficult due to complex mechanisms of pathogenesis. The differentiation of iron deficiency, lack of growth factors, and hemolysis is of utmost importance. Frequently too little diagnostic work up is contrasted by too much mostly unnecessary treatment. The significance of neuraminidases in infections needs further research.

Anemia↗
PubMed1999

Anxiety and endocrine disease.

It is our goal in this article to review the literature and define those endocrinological diseases that often include anxiety states as part of their initial presentation or as a characteristic symptom seen during their course. Understanding the mechanism by which anxiety develops as a routine part of these neuroendocrinological disorders may help us understand the organic basis of anxiety disorders. Research using new neurochemical, neuroanatomical, and brain imaging techniques may further define the structural and physiological underpinnings of the anxiety disorders.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1966

Assessment of hypothalamic pituitary function in endocrine disease.

The insulin test carried out with adequate safeguards under standardized conditions yields valuable information regarding hypothalamic and pituitary function when plasma levels of sugar, cortisol, and growth hormone are determined. The use of a test based on the plasma cortisol response to the infusion of lysine-vasopressin, a polypeptide with a corticotrophin-releasing action, is also of value as a test of pituitary function. Used in conjunction with the insulin test it enables pituitary disorders to be differentiated from those involving the hypothalamus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The role of corticotropin-releasing factor in the investigation of endocrine diseases.

Since the discovery and structural elucidation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) synthetic ovine and human CRF have become useful tools for the diagnosis of pituitary and adrenocortical disorders. The stimulation of release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) after a dose of 100 micrograms CRF allows differentiation of the various causes of secondary adrenal insufficiency. In patients with specific autoimmune corticotroph disorders or general inflammatory or tumorous destruction of the anterior pituitary there is no rise of ACTH after intravenous administration of CRF. In contrast, patients with secondary adrenal failure due to suprasellar lesions show a rise of ACTH from a low or unmeasurable basal level without an accompanying cortisol response, demonstrating the integrity of the corticotroph and the atrophy of the cRF neuron and the adrenocortical cell. Similar observations are made in patients with secondary adrenal failure resulting from long-term glucocorticoid treatment. This demonstrates that the main reason for adrenal insufficiency after glucocorticoid treatment is the persisting suppression of the activity of CRF neurons. In patients with adrenocortical hyperfunction (Cushing's syndrome) the CRF stimulation test differentiates unequivocally between autonomous adrenal hypercortisolism and ACTH-dependent bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. However, the differential diagnosis between eutopic pituitary (Cushing's disease) and paraneoplastic ACTH secretion (ectopic ACTH syndrome) is difficult. Recent results show that catheterization of the sinus petrous inferior and measurement of ACTH in central and peripheral blood before and after CRF injection allows this differential diagnosis to be made with confidence. The usefulness of measuring CRF plasma levels is not established. The only exception to this is in cases of ectopic CRF syndrome, which is a rare cause of Cushing's syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Genetic and biochemical screening for endocrine disease: II. Ethical issues.

The ability to test for specific genes conferring susceptibility to a variety of diseases has profound ethical implications for the way in which we care for patients. Legislators and health care insurers are scrambling to address the aspects of genetic screening that they believe fall within their purview. Critical to the development of appropriate societal regulations regarding genetic screening is a fundamental understanding of the ethical issues involved. A review of those concerns and the areas in which they interface with legal and insurance issues is the topic of this paper.

Anonymous Testing↗
PubMed1993

Genetic basis of endocrine disease. 4. The spectrum of mutations in the androgen receptor gene that causes androgen resistance.

Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause phenotypic abnormalities of male sexual development that range from a female phenotype (complete testicular feminization) to that of undervirilized or infertile men. Using the tools of molecular biology, we have analyzed androgen receptor gene mutations in 31 unrelated subjects with androgen resistance syndromes. Most of the defects are due to nucleotide changes that cause premature termination codons or single amino acid substitutions within the open reading frame encoding the androgen receptor, and the majority of these substitutions are localized in three regions of the androgen receptor: the DNA-binding domain and two segments of the androgen-binding domain. Less frequently, partial or complete gene deletions have been identified. Functional studies and immunoblot assays of the androgen receptors in patients with androgen resistance indicate that in most cases the phenotypic abnormalities are the result of impairment of receptor function or decreases in receptor abundance or both.

Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

[Endocrine diseases and male infertility].

Male infertility is secretory or excretory. The excretory form lies outside the endocrinologist's evaluation. As regards the secretory form, infertility practically identifies itself with hypogonadisms, both primitive, congenital or acquired, that spring from testicular alterations, and secondary to that result from gonadotropic deficiency however derived. The various diseases and the large number of events responsible for primitive or secondary male hypogonadism and so cause of infertility, are minutely examined. Peripheral hypogonadism forms are mentioned in brief too. During diagnostic evaluation, anamnesis and objective examination are the first step. Afterwards hormonal basal dosages supply useful information in case of severe oligospermia or azoospermia. Particularly FSH plasma dosage values the tubular function and this hormone is the most significant clinical and prognostic parameter. LH plasma dosage is less useful. FSH and LH levels allow us to distinguish hypergonadotropic hypogonadism from the hypogonadotropic type. Testosterone dosage is also important. Prolactin measurement is useful too and likewise, in particular cases, other hormone measures. Dynamic tests are also mentioned. As a therapeutic guideline, treatment with androgens is exclusively substitutive in primitive hypogonadism, however of no avail on spermatogenesis; in cases of secondary hypogonadism, gonadotropins give satisfactory results; pulsatile Gn-RH use is not easy anyway; clomifen and tamoxifen don't seem of particular advantage; in hyperprolactinemia, dopaminergic drugs improve seminal parameters.

Endocrine System Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Magnetic resonance tomography of the sellar region in patients with endocrine diseases].

The authors discuss the present-day problems of radiotherapy. They show the major prospective trends in this field and describe the OS3Dplan system, made in this country, that represents a working place of a radiologist and serves for the development, analysis and storage of the schemes of long-distance gamma-beam therapy of oncologic patients. The OS3Dplan system is realized via the IBM PC/AT-286/287 computer but can operate with any of the IBM PC/XT/AT/PS-2--8086/80486 computers, made before 1986 with the videoadapter EGA/VGA, and functioning under MS-DOS, Microsoft (version 3.3 or older). The mathematical provision of the videodigitizer (distance control and videocamera) permit the introduction of videoinformation into the personal computer in the 256 x 256 format, 512 x 512 pixels. The mathematical provision of the OS3Dplan proper permits a volume planning of long-distance gamma-beam therapy. This module type system will be of interest for various specialists (radiologists, roentgenologists, oncologists, students, etc.), for it permits a collection and maintenance of a data bank on patients with imaging of roentgenograms, CT, NM tomography, ultrasonic data on the computer display and printing these data, perform metric analyses and reconstruct the volume.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1983

Formation and concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in the abdominal skin of healthy individuals and patients with endocrine disease.

In vitro incubation studies demonstrated that abdominal skin slices from healthy females and males converted 1.05-2.73% (mean 1.75%) and 0.64-2.06% (mean 1.32%), respectively of [4-14C]dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) to [4-14C]dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHA-S) and that the delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid sulphokinase(delta 5-3 beta-HSS) activities were almost identical in female and male abdominal skin. DHA-S formation in the skin of females with hirsutism of adrenocortical, ovarial or idiopathic origin was shown not to differ from that in healthy females; the hyperandrogenism in the skin of hirsute females is thus not a consequence of a delta 5-3 beta-HSS deficiency. In vitro synthesis of DHA-S in the abdominal skin of patients with complete testicular feminization or 46XY pure gonad dysgenesis and anorchia was similar to that in healthy subjects. Addition of synthetic human alpha 1-39-ACTH and natural (porcine) ACTH to in vitro incubates of abdominal skin slices from healthy females or females with various types of hirsutism increased the formation of DHA-S, revealing thereby a further extra-adrenal effect of ACTH. In the abdominal skin of healthy females and males the DHA concentration did not differ, but the concentration of DHA-S was much higher in males. The DHA-S concentration in the abdominal skin of idiopathic hirsutism patients was pathologically high in spite of the blood DHA-S level being normal. The considerable accumulation of DHA-S in the abdominal skin of healthy males and hirsute females cannot be explained by the normal delta 5-3 beta-HSS activity; thus, it is assumed that either the DHA-S elimination mechanism may be changed in the abdominal skin slices, or the DHA-S binding proteins might be multiplied.

Abdomen↗