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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Interrelation between body composition and endocrine system in healthy elderly people.

The body composition of 40 healthy aged and 20 healthy young people was determined using a multi-isotope method. At the same time their hormonal status was assessed. A correlation between the body composition and the endocrine status was investigated. Our results concerning the body composition and the hormonal values correlate with the findings of the literature. A strong correlation was found between the plasma volume and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The interrelation could explain the reciprocal age related changes of plasma volume and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. No or weak correlation could be found between the body composition and other measured hormones.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Endocrine systems and behavior.

Estradiol, either directly from the ovary of females or as a metabolite of testosterone from the testes of males, seems to be the necessary and probably sufficient endocrine signal for sexual differentiation and adult sexual expression. Progesterone, in females, may play an important priming or facilitative role prior to estrus, especially following pregnancy, when blood estrogen levels are high for a prolonged period. At high doses, progesterone clearly inhibits the expression of sexual behavior.

Aggression↗
PubMed1997

Control of insect ecdysis by a positive-feedback endocrine system: roles of eclosion hormone and ecdysis triggering hormone.

A successful ecdysis in insects requires the precise coordination of behaviour with the developmental changes that occur late in a moult. This coordination involves two sets of endocrine cells: the peripherally located Inka cells, which release ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH), and the centrally located neurosecretory neurones, the VM neurones, which release eclosion hormone (EH). These two sets of endocrine cells mutually excite one another: EH acts on the Inka cells to cause the release of ETH. ETH, in turn, acts on the VM neurones to cause the release of EH. This positive-feedback relationship allows the Inka cells and the VM neurones to be the peripheral and central halves, respectively, of a decision-making circuit. Once conditions for both halves have been satisfied, their reciprocal excitation results in a massive EH/ETH surge in the blood as well as a release of EH within the central nervous system. This phasic signal then causes the tonic activation of a distributed network of peptidergic neurones that contain crustacean cardioactive peptide. The relationship of the latter cells to the subsequent maintenance of the ecdysis motor programme is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Short term toxicity of nitrous oxide on the immune, hemopoietic, and endocrine systems in CD-1 mice.

Occupational exposures to subanesthetic levels of N2O have been documented to result in suppressed proliferative cell activities. Male CD-1 mice were exposed to 0, 50, 500, and 5000 ppm of N2O for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 2 or 13 weeks. Tritiated-thymidine ([3H]-TdR) uptake was measured in CD-1 splenic lymphocytes cultured with and without mitogens and in a mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). Antibody-mediated immunocompetency was determined for sheep red blood cell (SRBC)-sensitized animals by plaque forming cell (PFC) assay and serum anti-SRBC antibody (Ab) titer. Deoxyuridine suppression tests (dUrdST) were performed on bone marrow cells. There was significantly decreased splenic lymphocyte uptake of [3H]-TdR by cells cultured with mitogenic substances and in MLC following 2-week exposures to 5000 ppm. After 13-week exposures the animals' splenic lymphocytes showed increased [3H]-TdR uptake following high N2O dosing in both the mitogen-induced blastogenesis and MLC assays. Compared to control animals, the 5000 ppm exposure group had significantly depressed PFC activity and circulating anti-SRBC Ab levels following the 13-week N2O exposures, and all 13-week exposure groups demonstrated decreased liver weights and leukopenia. Bone marrow activity at these dosing levels was depressed in a dose-dependent fashion following 13-week gas exposures.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Endothelin in vascular and endocrine systems: biological activities and its mechanisms of action.

Endothelin family peptides are now known to exert diverse biological effects on a wide variety of tissues and cell types through at least two subtypes of receptors. In vascular systems, both ETA and ETB endothelin receptors present in vascular smooth muscle mediate the vasoconstrictor and mitogenic activities of the peptides, while ETB receptors in the endothelium mediate the vasodilator and antiplatelet activities. Endothelins also affect hormone secretion from a variety of endocrine organs including anterior and posterior pituitary, atria and adrenals. Endothelins activate the Ca(2+)-messenger system which involves both calmodulin and protein kinase C to exert their biological activities in almost all cell types examined, and appear to work in a paracrine and autocrine fashion. However, physiological and pathophysiological roles of endothelins are still incompletely understood and further studies are clearly required for elucidation of biological significance of this peptide family.

Animals↗