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Results for “Eye Protective Devices”

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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Application of video glasses for sustained affective picture presentations: a comparison with video projector presentations.

Video glasses have previously been reported to be an effective instrument for emotion induction or for reducing pain perception. In the present study, we assessed the application of video glasses within the affective picture viewing paradigm. Possible advantages of this new method were tested by a comparison with a commonly used video projector. Twenty-four participants viewed sustained picture series of pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant valence with video glasses and with a projector on different days. Affective report, heart rate (HR), and skin conductance level were measured. The results showed that the video glasses presentation mode is not generally superior to the projector mode. Instead, typical responses to prolonged presentations of emotional pictures were obtained across both modalities with valence-modulated pleasure ratings and with an arousal modulation for arousal ratings, skin conductance level, and HR. These results suggest that video glasses are as useful for presenting prolonged affective picture series as are projectors. Specific contexts in which the application of video glasses is preferential are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new approach to ocular moisture chambers.

A new approach is presented to the problem of moisture chamber spectacles for the treatment of the dry eye. This moisture chamber relies on soft polyurethane sidewalls, form fitting and flanged to avoid pressure at right angles to the skin surface. The result is a comfortable moisture chamber which has been used successfully by an eight-year-old patient for nine months. This has allowed the child to return to school with best visual acuity (aphakic) without a single recurrence of corneal erosion.

Body Water↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Amblyopia: the normal eye is not normal.

When acuity was used to evaluate amblyopia in children, the amblyopic eye had decreased acuity and the nonamblyopic eye had normal acuity. However when Contrast Sensitivity Functions (CSFs) were used to evaluate amblyopia, losses in the CSF were discovered in both the amblyopic and the nonamblyopic eyes. During the course of occlusion therapy, the amblyopic eye improved in acuity and CSF and the nonamblyopic eye improved in CSF. The results suggest that the nonamblyopic eye is not normal and that the CSF provides additional information to acuity about amblyopia in children.

Amblyopia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Compliance with safety glasses wear in monocular children.

Many ophthalmologists prescribe polycarbonate "safety glasses" to protect the remaining eye of monocular patients. Others do not routinely do so when the remaining eye is emmetropic since they feel compliance is poor. To evaluate compliance with safety glasses wear in these children, we reviewed the charts of all children (< 21 years old) treated with enucleation and followed at the University of Iowa by the Pediatric Ophthalmology Service between 1962 and 1991. Safety glasses were defined as polycarbonate lenses in a frame suitable for protective wear with spherical equivalent < or = -0.75 or < or = +2.00 diopters. Fifty-six patients were followed after enucleation. Forty-six of these patients met the inclusion criteria and 33 patients were available for follow up. Eighty-five percent of patients wear safety glasses > or = 50% of their waking hours; 61% wear them > or = 80% of the time; 33% wear them 100% of their waking hours. Twenty-one of the 33 patients participate in sports. One hundred percent of the female participants and 80% to 93% of the male participants wear safety glasses, goggles, or face shields during sports. Fifteen of the 33 respondents reported at least one potentially serious accident in which the safety glasses had protected the good eye. Compliance with safety glasses wear appears to be good in this population and may prevent injury to the remaining eye.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Uniocular childhood blindness: a prospective study.

PURPOSE: This prospective study examines uniocular blindness among children younger than 16 attending a large pediatric ophthalmology department. The aim was to identify the causes of uniocular blindness and determine how much is preventable. We defined blindness according to the World Health Organization definition of vision worse than or equal to 3/60. METHODS: All children who attended the department and were blind in one eye during the period of the study were included. A history was taken, visual acuity was assessed by an age-appropriate method, and an ocular examination was carried out. When necessary, the child also was seen by an orthoptist or pediatrician. RESULTS: A total of 71 patients were identified. At the time of diagnosis, the patients varied in age from a few weeks to 15 years. The causes were classified into one of the following diagnostic categories: chromosomal/genetic (8.5%), prenatal (47.9%), perinatal (7.0%), or childhood (36.6%). Many cases are prenatal in origin and are not preventable. Other causes that are difficult to prevent include retinoblastoma, toxocariasis, and trauma. One cause, amblyopia, may be preventable or treatable in most instances if detected early. CONCLUSIONS: Most cases of uniocular blindness are not preventable; however, protective glasses should be encouraged to prevent injury to the good eye.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Complications of ocular paintball injuries in children.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ocular complications of paintball injuries in children. METHODS: The clinical course of four children with traumatic ocular paintball injuries was evaluated. All patients underwent a complete ocular examination. Their age, injuries sustained, surgical procedure(s) performed, presence of protective eyewear at the time of injury, and final visual outcome was assessed. The presence of directly related anterior and posterior segment abnormalities were also evaluated. RESULTS: Four boys sustained traumatic paintball injuries. Average patient age was 11.25 years (range: 10-12 years). None of the children were wearing ocular or facial protection at the time of the initial injury. All patients had hyphema and traumatic cataract, and some form of retinal pathology (vitreous hemorrhage, epiretinal membrane, retinal hemorrhage, and choroidal rupture). One child had a partial-thickness corneal laceration that did not require surgical intervention. All other patients underwent ophthalmic surgery. Final visual acuity was 20/30 or better in two patients, and 20/100 or worse in the others. The cause of decreased visual acuity in these children was directly related to macular pathology. CONCLUSION: Ocular injuries resulting from paintball impact are often severe and usually occur when the participants are not wearing eye protection or this protection becomes dislodged. Treatment of these injuries is sometimes limited to an attempt to salvage what remains of useful vision. Unfortunately, most of these sports-related injuries could have been prevented if patients wore adequate eye protection when involved in this sport.

Anterior Eye Segment↗
PubMed1991

[The motion sickness under reversing goggles (1st report)].

We observed locomotion and motion sickness in 10 normal adults wearing reversing goggles while moving outdoors. Horizontal reversal of the visual field produced moderate to severe ataxia and motion sickness in all subjects except one. There was marked variability in the sensitivity among different subjects. In contrast, vertical reversal produced no symptoms. Confusion of information relation to spatial orientation possibly caused both the motion sickness and abnormal locomotion. Horizontal reversal of visual information produces disorientation because visual information is equal in importance to that from the semicircular canals. In the case of vertical reversal of visual information, orientation may be assured by gravity. The present study suggests that motion sickness is a biological signal alerting the organism to loss of spatial orientation rather than a mere autonomic symptom produced by mismatched sensory information. It appears that motion sickness is accompanied by dysequilibrium and abnormality of locomotion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eye injuries among pennant squash players and their attitudes towards protective eyewear.

A questionnaire survey on eye injuries and attitudes towards protective eyewear was conducted among 165 metropolitan pennant squash players; 163 (99%) valid responses were received. The incidence of eye injuries in the survey sample was found to be 17.5 per 100,000 playing hours with a significant proportion (26%) indicating that they had suffered at least one eye injury. Racquets were more common as the source of injury (61%) than squash balls. A large proportion of those injured consulted a doctor (63%) with approximately one-third (or 5% of the total survey sample) having been admitted to hospital for the injury. Only 8% of the sample used appropriate protective eyewear with an additional 2% believing their prescription lenses were a form of protection. The main reason given for using protective eyewear was previous injury to self or others (65% of cases). Doctors and media promotion rated poorly in causing players to use eyewear (6% for each). Most respondents believed eyewear to be of benefit, but fewer than half felt that eyewear should be made compulsory for all players. Only 6% of players said that they would give up the game if use of eyewear was made compulsory.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1994

Sports-related eye injuries.

OBJECTIVE: To: (i) determine the magnitude and describe the spectrum of sports-related eye injuries; (ii) compare the sporting profile variations within Australia and overseas; and (iii) provide recommendations to help decrease the frequency and severity of eye injuries in sports. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive study of sports-related eye injuries identified from a cross-sectional survey of ocular trauma treated in an eye hospital during a two-year period from November 1989 to October 1991. RESULTS: Although sports injuries comprised only 5% of all eye trauma, they accounted for a disproportionately high ocular morbidity, representing 22% of hospital admissions. Most patients were admitted for hyphaema (81%), but there were eight ruptured globes and 20 other cases required surgical repair. For those hospitalised for serious injuries, 19% were legally blind (visual acuity < or = 6/60) and 10% had visual acuity between 6/18 and 6/36 initially, with 29% of patients recording a visual loss in excess of 50% incapacity (< or = 6/18) at three months after injury. CONCLUSION: Eye injuries were most frequently caused by squash, badminton, Australian Rules football and cricket, a sports profile distinctly different from those of the United States and United Kingdom. That none of the players in may study had worn correct eye protection offers a wide scope for preventing injuries in what should be safe recreational pastimes.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Eye injuries in Victoria, Australia.

OBJECTIVE: To outline the spectrum of eye injuries in the Victorian population. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective survey of all eye injuries treated at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital; and a review of morbidity data from all Victorian hospitals to estimate the incidence of ocular trauma across the State. RESULTS: During a 12-month period, 6308 patients were treated at the hospital. Most had superficial injuries, but 401 (6%) were admitted for severe trauma. Most were male and young; children aged under 15 years comprised 25% of hospitalisations (severe injuries). The workplace accounted for 44% of all injuries and 19% of severe trauma, including ruptured globes and internal bleeding. Sports injuries accounted for 5% of all injuries, but 19% of severe injuries. The incidence estimate for penetrating eye injuries was 3.6 per 100,000 population. The incidence of eye injuries requiring hospitalisation was 15.2 per 100,000. Annual medical costs were estimated conservatively at $15.8 million a year for this hospital alone and projected at $39 million a year for 29,000 eye injuries in Victoria and $155 million a year for 116,000 cases nationwide. CONCLUSIONS: Most ocular trauma occurs in young people and could be prevented by proper use of safety eyewear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The protective effects of methyl cellulose and conoid shields for lagophthalmos and corneal hypaesthesia in leprosy.

Lagophthalmos and corneal hypaesthesia are amongst the most frequently encountered lesions in leprosy and they can easily give rise to blindness. Many measures (such as eye drops, protective conoid shields, muscle exercises, surgical treatment etc.) have been used to protect the eyes under such circumstances and this paper examines the protective role of methyl cellulose and conoid shields in 41 patients. All of them had lagophthalmos (5 mm or more) and corneal hypaesthesia. They were divided into three groups. Group one had 15 leprosy control patients (27 eyes) who did not use methyl cellulose or eye shields. Group two had 16 leprosy patients (28 eyes) and they used methyl cellulose and eye shields when they felt discomfort in their eyes. Group three had 10 leprosy patients (17 eyes) and they used methyl cellulose and eye shields regularly. Statistically significant improvement was seen in group three. Further studies on larger groups of patients including the effects of different concentrations of methyl cellulose, on Schirmer test and tear break up time, may be of value.

Adult↗