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PubMedDate not supplied

Residual fluoride concentrations and scanning electron microscopic examination of root surfaces of human teeth after topical application of fluoride in vivo.

Fluoride concentrations in root surfaces of human teeth after a single topical application with a 2% acidulated sodium fluoride solution in vivo were investigated. Increased residual fluoride concentrations in the root surfaces and precipitations on the peritubular dentin, as revealed by SEM micrographs, may be factors in reducing hypersensitivity.

Dentin↗
PubMed2002

Studies on dental erosion: An in vivo-in vitro model of endogenous dental erosion--its application to testing protection by fluoride gel application.

BACKGROUND: The objective in this study was to develop an in vivo-in vitro model of endogenous erosion, with a view to exploring the potential for some degree of its control by the use of topical fluoride gel application to teeth. METHODS: Six volunteers each wore a small clasp retained palatal acrylic appliance to which six sterilized enamel tiles were bonded. Three tiles on each appliance were coated extra-orally with either 1.23 per cent acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) or 2.2 per cent sodium fluoride (NaF) neutral gel for four minutes prior to multiple periods of exposure to the simulated gastric acid, cumulating in 16, 36, 80 and 150 minutes of exposure. Impressions of the enamel tiles prior to and following acid exposure permitted dies to be prepared. These were sectioned through the exposed areas and examined under a stereomicroscope to assess maximum depths of erosion. RESULTS: The depth of erosive demineralization of enamel was found to be greatly reduced with increased frequency of APF gel application. The reduction in enamel loss was less following topical application of NaF gel. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that fluoride gels significantly reduced enamel erosion using this in vivo-in vitro model and therefore, if prescribed appropriately, should help reduce tooth tissue loss from endogenous erosion.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗
PubMed2004

Caries and fluoride processes.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the work was to establish the level and source of salivary fluoride, whether it could interact with tooth mineral and whether it was able to effect calcium re-acquisition and remineralisation. METHODS: Fluoride in saliva and in solution was measured by electrode, calcium by complexometric titration and phosphate colourimetrically-to measure salivary fluoride, its uptake by mineral and the effects of such low levels on calcium and phosphate levels in solution in contact with suspensions of mineral hydroxyapatite. RESULTS: Fluoride levels in saliva were low but could interact with hydroxyapatite. Such levels caused apatite crystallite growth and preferential acquisition of calcium by calcium-deficient apatite. CONCLUSIONS: Salivary fluoride contents rose with increasing water fluoride levels. It was acquired by hydroxyapatite mineral. Topical fluoride was stored on oral tissues. Even these low fluoride contents could cause mineral crystallite growth with preferential calcium uptake. On a mineral area basis these effects were caused by quite low fluoride uptakes. These findings do not support reliance upon large fluoride uptakes by tooth enamel as evidence for commensurate caries reductions.

Calcium↗
PubMed1985

Influence of social class and fluoridation on child dental health.

In this study in oral epidemiology, officially collected statistics are presented which show that, 15 yr after fluoridation commenced in Auckland, New Zealand, there was still a significant correlation between dental health of children and their social class. They also show that treatment levels have continued to decline in both fluoridated and unfluoridated areas, and are related to social class factors rather than to the presence or absence of water fluoridation. In the unfluoridated areas all the children, and in the fluoridated areas only selected children, had received regular topical fluoride treatments. In both areas the use of fluoride tooth-pastes and oral hygiene had been encouraged. When the socioeconomic variable is allowed for, child dental health appears to be better in the unfluoridated areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Fluorosis risk in grade 2 students residing in a rural area with widely varying natural fluoride.

OBJECTIVES: This pilot study was performed to determine the prevalence of dental fluorosis and the association between fluorosis and a number of risk factors in a group of second grade students in a rural, non-fluoridated area of Ontario, Canada. METHODS: Of 1739 students screened during routine health surveillance, 1367 had erupted maxillary central incisors. Fluorosis was scored on these children using the Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis (TSIF). A fluoride exposure questionnaire and water sample vial was sent home from school with each child. RESULTS: Valid responses were obtained for 752 children (55%). The prevalence of fluorosis in respondents was 23.3%, with 4.9% scoring TSIF of 2 or more. In bivariate analysis, several variables were significantly associated with the prevalence and/or severity of fluorosis. These included: water fluoride concentration, breast-feeding duration, professionally applied topical fluoride, fluoride supplement use, bottle-feeding, fluoridated mouthwash use, and early parental toothbrushing with toothpaste. In logistic regression analysis limited to children living at the current residence for 4 years or more, only four variables had significant independent effects. These were water fluoride concentration, breast-feeding duration, fluoride supplement use, and fluoridated mouthwash use. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that fluorosis is an important concern in non-fluoridated areas. Fluoride supplements should not be recommended unless an independent home water test is performed. Breast-feeding for 6 months or more may protect children from developing dental fluorosis in the permanent incisors.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

[Root surface caries].

Review of the current knowledge related to the etiology, clinical picture, treatment, and prevention of root surface caries (RSC) is presented. The prevalence of RSC rates vary from 20 to 40 percentage depending on the age of the population studied and the definition of RSC applied. Prevention of RSC requires oral hygiene instructions and dietary advices as well as drinking of optimally fluoridated water combined with the appropriate use of topical fluoride agents. Glass ionomer cements are considered the best and the most successfully used filling material for root surface cavities. Epidemiologic data indicate that RSC increases with age and becomes a major health problem in dentistry. Since our present knowledge about root caries is insufficient, more research is needed in every aspect of the disease.

Dental Caries↗