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Results for “Immune correlation”

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PubMed1981

The macrophage electrophoretic mobility assay in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

An antigen-induced release of a macrophage slowing factor (MSF) by peripheral blood lymphocytes was used to evaluate lymphocyte sensitization to various antigens in 21 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and in 14 control subjects. Sixteen of 21 patients with RCC, but no controls, were found to be sensitized to a soluble antigen prepared from an allogeneic kidney tumor by 3 M potassium chloride extraction. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from some patients with RCC displayed sensitization to protein isolates from fetal kidney (4 of 19), control "normal" kidney (4 of 21) and urinary bladder carcinoma (3 of 19) tissues. The results of macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) measurements indicate that the MEM assay may provide a means of monitoring immune responses in patients with RCC. Further studies are needed to correlate the immune response detectable by the MEM test with the patient's prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Multiple sclerosis--studies of the correlations between selected parameters of immune response and the clinical course of the disease].

In the paper the following immune response parameters were analyzed: number of leucocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid, IgG index, presence and number of oligoclonal IgG bands. The correlation between these parameters and between the parameters and clinical course of multiple sclerosis was studied. Oligoclonal bands were present in the cerebrospinal fluid in 92% cases of MS, and that was the most frequent abnormality among immune response parameters studied. There was a correlation between IgG index, number of leucocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid and number of oligoclonal IgG bands in patients with relapsing-remitting course of the disease. We did not find any statistical differences between the number of leucocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid, the frequency of pleocytosis and the type of the disease, relapsing remitting or chronic progressive. The type of the disease, its duration and number of relapses did not significantly influence the IgG index values and number of IgG oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Immune responses in rabbits with phlyctenules and catarrhal infiltrates.

Corneal phlyctenules and catarrhal infiltrates developed in rabbits immunized with Staphylococcus aureus cell walls (CWs) mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) after topical challenge with viable S aureus. The immune responses of these rabbits to CWs and ribitol teichoic acid (RTA) before and after immunization with CW/CFA were studied and the results of skin tests with lymphocyte blastogenesis and hemagglutination tests correlated. After immunization of rabbits with CW/CFA, their lymphocytes showed a greater proliferative response to CWs in the lymphocyte blastogenesis test that correlated with delayed hypersensitivity reactions found in skin tests. Both tests suggested that the lymphocytes of immunized rabbits showed cellular immunity to CWs. Skin tests to RTA suggested an Arthus but not a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to this antigen. The results of skin tests and hemagglutination tests suggested that immunized rabbits expressed humoral and immunity to RTA, the major antigenic determinant of S aureus.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Age-associated mortality in immune challenged mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) correlates with a decrease in haemocyte numbers.

Mosquitoes vector pathogens. One aspect that has been overlooked in mosquito-pathogen relationships is the effect of host age on immune competence. Here, we show that there is age-associated mortality following immune challenge with Escherichia coli. This mortality correlates with a decrease in haemocyte numbers (blood cells) and a decreased ability to kill E. coli. Although the number of haemocytes decreases, the available haemocytes retain their phagocytic ability regardless of age, and we estimate that individual granulocytes can phagocytose approximately 1500 E. coli. Moreover, transcription profiles for cecropin, defensin and gambicin in E. coli challenged mosquitoes do not change with age, indicating that the increased susceptibility is not attributed to fewer humoral antimicrobial peptides. These results suggest that a contributing factor for the age-associated mortality is the decrease in circulating haemocytes, which reduces the overall phagocytic capacity of mosquitoes. To our knowledge, this is the first report detailing an age-associated decline in the immunological capabilities of mosquitoes following challenge with an infectious agent. These data also call for caution in the analysis and interpretation of experimental results when mosquito age has not been closely monitored. Lastly, a model for haemocyte function is presented.

Aging↗

PubMed2006

Expression of MG7-Ag in patients with gastric cancer correlates with weaker T cell immune response and more proinflammatory cytokine secretion.

MG7-Ag is a human gastric-carcinoma-associated antigen with a high specificity. So far it is remained unclear whether MG7-Ag is correlated with the in vivo cellular immune response of patients with gastric cancer. In this study, we detected the expression of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of T cell subpopulations and cytokines in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), and residue benign mucosal lymphocytes (NML) of patients with gastric cancer using semiquantitative RT-PCR. Our data showed that the expanded clones in CD8(+) NML and TIL and CD4+ NML and PBL in MG7-Ag-positive patients were significantly fewer than those of MG7-Ag-negative patients (p = 0.0360; p = 0.0026; p = 0.0065 p = 0.0109, respectively). The levels of IL-8 in CD8(+) TIL and TNF in CD4(+) TIL from the MG7-Ag-positive group were significantly higher than those from the MG7-Ag-negative group (p = 0.0302; p = 0.0177, respectively). Taken together, the results demonstrated a weaker T cell immune response and more proinflammatory cytokine secretion in MG7-Ag-positive patients with gastric cancer than in MG7-Ag-negative ones. This likely contributes to the poor prognosis in MG7-Ag-positive gastric-cancer patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Analysis of heavy metal immunotoxicity by multiparameter flow cytometry: correlation of flow cytometry and immune function data in B6CF1 mice.

Bone marrow and spleen cells obtained from female B6C3F1 mice given a single i.p. exposure to cadmium acetate (0.9 mg/kg), lead acetate (12 mg/kg), or sodium acetate (12 mg/kg), were studied using flow cytometry, immunologic, and hematologic assays. Significant changes were detected in subpopulations of bone marrow cells using multiparameter flow cytometry within 1 day following treatment with cadmium or lead. Bone marrow cells obtained from B6C3F1 mice 5 days after treatment with cadmium or lead were found to have a decreased number of cells expressing Mac-1, 55-7.2, 14.8, and Lyt-1 antigens, suggesting a shift to immature cell types. An increase in the number of progenitor cells (CFU-C) obtained from the bone marrow of mice treated with heavy metals was also noted 5 days after exposure to cadmium or lead. A time-dependent suppression of the in vitro primary humoral immune response of spleen cells to SRBCs, TNP-Ficoll and TNP-LPS was produced by cadmium or lead treatment. Suppression of the mitogenic response of spleen cells to Con A, PHA, and LPS was also found to be time-dependent. Spleen cell surface marker expression (Mac-1, Lyt-1, Lyt-2 and 14.8) was altered in response to cadmium or lead treatments, but these changes did not appear to correlate with the humoral immunity or mitogen-induced proliferation data. These studies demonstrate that changes in cell surface markers on discrete subpopulations of lymphoid cells present in the spleens of heavy metal exposed mice may not correlate with alterations in the functional activity of these cells. However, changes in murine bone marrow surface markers in response to cadmium or lead treatment predicts a shift to immature cell types, which appeared to correlate with the increase in CFU-C activity.

Acetates↗

PubMed1999

Immune functions, clinical parameters and hormone receptor status in breast cancer patients.

We have carried out a detailed analysis of the cellular immune functions of breast cancer patients in comparison with healthy controls. A possible correlation between immune and clinical parameters was analysed in 50 breast cancer patients. Immune parameters, natural killer cell and T lymphocyte functions and the numbers of circulating T lymphocytes were analysed against the clinical parameters comprising the tumour burden, the stage of the disease and the expression of hormone receptors on the tumour. In order to analyse the immune function data effectively, low responders were identified with stringent cut-off values. Considerably higher proportions of low responders were found among the patient population. Elevated numbers of circulating T lymphocytes and CD3-directed cytolysis correlated with the expression of oestrogen receptors independently of the clinical/histological parameters.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Influenza vaccination of the elderly: perceptions and policies of general practitioners and outcome of the 1985-86 immunization programme in Trent, UK.

The policies, organization and outcome of the influenza vaccination programmes for the elderly were studied in randomly selected general practices in Trent during the winter of 1985-86. Data from 127 practices, covering approximately one-fifth of the 668 800 people in Trent 65 years of age and older, were studied in detail. Altogether 87% of practices offered vaccine to selected elderly patients and 93.5% gave it upon request. However, less than one-fifth of the elderly population covered by the survey were vaccinated against influenza and the number of doses prescribed by individual practitioners and practice immunization rates varied considerably. The higher immunization rates were correlated with certain practice immunization policies and procedures Reasons for non-acceptance of vaccine were also identified. The observations suggest that provision of educational materials about the risks and benefits of influenza vaccine and a re-appraisal of practice strategies relating to the influenza immunization programme may increase the number of elderly people who are immunized.

Aged↗

PubMed1985

Humoral immunotoxicity of polychlorinated diphenyl ethers, phenoxyphenols, dioxins and furans present as contaminants of technical grade pentachlorophenol.

Previous studies have demonstrated that the humoral immune response in mice as measured by the splenic IgM response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) is highly sensitive to suppression by technical grade (86%) pentachlorophenol (T-PCP) whereas analytical grade (greater than 99%) PCP is not immunosuppressive. In the present studies, we have examined several contaminant fractions and purified isomers from T-PCP for their humoral immunosuppressive effect. C57BL/6 mice were treated with a single oral dose of the various contaminants 2 days prior to SRBC challenge and the peak splenic IgM antibody response was measured 5 days later. Under these exposure conditions, T-PCP produced a dose-related suppression of the antibody response whereas analytical grade PCP was without effect. The dose of T-PCP producing 50% immunosuppression relative to the vehicle-treated control (ID50) was 83 mg/kg. Results from studies using contaminant fractions extracted from T-PCP indicated that a chlorinated dioxin/furan fraction was significantly immunosuppressive, whereas a chlorinated phenoxyphenol fraction and a chlorinated diphenyl ether fraction were without effect when administered at dose levels expected to occur in the ID50 dose of T-PCP. Several purified phenoxyphenol isomers representing the major pre- and isopredioxins in T-PCP were also not immunosuppressive, nor was octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. The 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-hexachlorodioxin (HxCDD), 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodioxin (HpCDD), and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorofuran (HpCDF) isomers were all significantly immunosuppressive. The single, oral ID50s were 7.1, 85 and 208 micrograms/kg for HxCDD, HpCDD and HpCDF, respectively. Coadministration of HxCDD and HpCDD produced an additive immunosuppressive effect suggesting that the toxic dioxin and furan isomers present in T-PCP function in concert to produce the degree of immune suppression observed following T-PCP exposure. When analytical grade PCP was coadministered with HpCDD, the degree of immune suppression was equivalent to that produced by HpCDD alone, indicating no significant influence of PCP on dioxin-induced immunosuppression. The enhanced susceptibility of Ah-responsive C57BL/6 mice to T-PCP induced immune suppression as compared to Ah-nonresponsive DBA/2 mice and the correlation of immune suppression with P1-450 associated monoxygenase induction provided further evidence for the role of the toxic Ah-interactive dioxin and furan contaminants in T-PCP as the mediators of T-PCP immunotoxicity.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Immune modulation: the genetic approach.

As part of a comprehensive strategy to combat diseases, improving genetically resistance to diseases and therefore immune capacities of animals is more and more desirable. However, research is still needed to develop genetic tools that may be used. In this search, lines selected for various immune responses are used to study relevant immune markers. Chickens have been selected for six generations for three different in vivo immune responses: high antibody response, high cell-mediated immune response and high phagocytic activity. Each line, selected for one trait, showed significant increase in immune capacity for this trait. In addition, results showed clearly independence between the three immune responses analyzed, meaning that a global approach is needed to improve immune capacity. Selected lines allow to follow genetic markers linked to immune response genes. In the different lines, different patterns in MHC gene frequency were observed and MHC alleles differed in their effects according to the immune trait. Some correlations were found between immune responses and production traits. The selected lines will be used to find other "known" immune response genes or "anonymous" genetic markers, which may become the future tools to modulate immune responsiveness of animals.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Epidemiologic investigation of serum levels of the soluble forms of CD25, CD54 and CD58, and T cell responsiveness after stimulation via the CD2-dependent pathway in a random sample of the general population.

A sero-epidemiologic correlation study on immune parameters which would correlate with the frequency of common colds (FCC) had been conducted in 1992. There, an inverse relationship between circulating adhesion molecules CD54 and CD58 and FCC was found. Eighteen months later we performed an analogous assessment in order to verify the previous findings and to carry out additional experiments including in vitro proliferative responses of T cells and their production of various cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10). The additional examinations showed that individuals with frequent common colds exert a higher T cell proliferation and higher production of cytokines than persons which experience never or few common cold infections. These findings could be confirmed statistically. Taken together, the results suggest consistently in individuals with frequent common colds an association with low serum levels of the immunosuppressive soluble adhesion molecules sCD54 and sCD58, high proliferation of unstimulated and stimulated T cells and secretion of higher concentrations of cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10) into the cell culture supernatants.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2003

[Immune response to equine Chorionic Gonadotropin used for the induction of ovulation in goats and ewes].

In dairy goats and ewes the use of equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) as a convenient hormone for the induction of ovulation is necessary for out-of-season breeding and artificial insemination (AI). Treatment for induction and synchronization of ovulation consists of a progestagen delivered by vaginal sponge, followed by an eCG injection. In some females, the first injection of eCG induces a humoral response with high concentrations of anti-eCG antibodies in contrast to other females displaying a very low concentration of anti-eCG antibodies. Females eliciting a low response were also poor responders after the following treatments. Conversely, high responders at the first treatment systematically yielded high immune responses upon the following treatment. By a molecular genetic approach using microsatellites we showed that the anti-eCG immune response phenotypes were associated with MHC class II polymorphism. Females with high residual antibody concentrations at the time of eCG injection exhibited a much lower kidding rate than other females did. Lower fertility of these females, inseminated at a fixed time after eCG treatment (43H for goats and 55H for ewes), might be due to the delay in estrus occurrence and the pre ovulatory LH surge. Consequently, under field conditions old females selected for AI are only those with low residual anti-eCG antibody concentrations and old females with high residual antibody concentration are culled from AI breeding because of their low fertility during the previous year. So we have undertaken comparative studies to establish if the anti-eCG immune response is correlated with the global immunity in animals.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

CD4+ T lymphocytes contribute to protective immunity induced in sheep and goats by Haemonchus contortus gut antigens.

Immunization with parasite antigens derived from the gut of adult Haemonchus contortus induces significant levels of protection against the parasite in sheep and goats. However, the mechanisms of immunity involved in this protection are not clear. Here, we investigate the requirement for CD4+ T lymphocytes in gut antigen-induced immunity against H. contortus. Gut antigen immunized animals were depleted (> 98%) of their CD4+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood by intravenous injection of an anti-CD4 MoAb. Depletion in peripheral blood persisted for at least eight days, after which there was gradual recovery of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Serum antibody levels in gut antigen-immunized animals correlated significantly with worm parameters, suggesting a contribution by antibody to the immunity observed. By covariate analysis, using ELISA OD as the covariate, CD4+ T lymphocyte depletion was shown to partially abrogate immunity induced by gut antigen immunization, against challenge infection with H. contortus. The greatest effect of CD4+ T lymphocyte depletion was observed at 14 days post-infection with differences between CD4+ T lymphocyte depleted and intact animals less apparent between days 21 and 25. Collectively, our data indicate that CD4+ T lymphocytes contribute to immunity induced by gut antigens. Our results also suggest that antibody works synergistically with CD4+ T lymphocytes to confer this immunity.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Immune responses to Schistosoma mansoni in rhesus monkeys with multiple chronic and early primary infections.

Immunological reactivity in 10 rhesus monkeys was monitored over a 22-week period. Cellular and humoral responses of three animals were studied after primary infection with Schistosoma mansoni. Two uninfected animals served as controls. Increased lymphocyte proliferative responsiveness to mitogens and adult worm antigen was evident during the prepatent period of the infection. Marked suppression of these responses occurred during the acute phase of the disease, but by weeks 9 and 11 the animals were again responsive to mitogens and antigen, respectively, and remained so throughout the remainder of the observation period. No antibody response to various cercarial, adult worm, and egg antigens could be detected until weeks 5 to 7, after which these responses also persisted. Comparison of the immunological reactivities of these animals with primary infection and those of five chronically infected immune animals indicated possible correlations between protective immunity and (i) strong Cercarienhüllenreaktion reactivity, and (ii) lymphocyte proliferative responsiveness to adult worm antigen.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Incidence of circulating immune complexes in patients with lung cancer and their effect on antibody-dependent cytotoxicity.

Circulating immune complexes were determined in patients with lung cancer by the C1q deviation test and by column chromatography on Sepharose 6 B. Immune complexes could be demonstrated by the two different methods in 50--80% of patients' sera at the time of diagnosis. Patients with extended disease had more immune complexes than patients with limited disease. Serial determinations showed a good correlation between immune complex levels and clinical course of disease. The size of the immune complexes present in patients' sera was determined by sucrose density ultracentrifugation and by column chromatography in the region between 10 S and 30 S. Furthermore in this study no inhibition of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by circulating immune complexes could be seen.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗

PubMed1995

Controlled clinical trial of interferon-gamma as postoperative surgical adjuvant therapy for colon cancer.

PURPOSE: The primary goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) to prevent tumor relapse following potentially curative surgery in patients with high-risk colon cancer. A secondary goal was to determine the effect of IFN-gamma on immune function and to correlate alterations in immune parameters with survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three to 4 weeks after undergoing resection of all known malignant disease, 99 patients with stage II, III, or IV colon cancer were randomly assigned to receive IFN-gamma 0.2 mg total dose by subcutaneous injection daily for 6 months or observation. Serial assessment of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression and Fc receptors on peripheral-blood monocytes was conducted in 24 patients who received IFN-gamma and 27 control patients. RESULTS: With a median follow-up duration of 59 months in patients still alive, there was evidence of a detrimental effect on time to relapse (P = .03) among patients who received IFN-gamma. There was no significant difference in patient survival (P = .12). This study has sufficient power to rule out a 25% reduction in death rate for patients who received IFN-gamma (P < .05). Significant enhancement of immune function was observed in patients treated with IFN-gamma as measured by HLA-DR expression (P < .01) and Fc receptors (P < .001) on peripheral-blood monocytes. CONCLUSION: This study effectively rules out any clinically meaningful benefit for IFN-gamma as surgical adjuvant treatment for patients with high-risk colon cancer. Although significant enhancement of nonspecific immune function was seen with this dosage administration schedule of IFN-gamma, this was not associated with any demonstrable antitumor effect.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Conjunctival FOXP3 expression in trachoma: do regulatory T cells have a role in human ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection?

BACKGROUND: Trachoma, caused by ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, remains the leading infectious cause of blindness and in 2002 was responsible for 3.6% of total global blindness. Although transmission can be successfully interrupted using antibiotics and improvements in public and personal hygiene, the long-term success of the control programmes advocated by the World Health Organization are still uncertain. For the complete control and prevention of trachoma, a vaccine would be highly desirable. Currently there are no licensed vaccines for trachoma, and no human vaccine trials have been conducted since the 1960s. A barrier to new attempts to design and introduce a vaccine is the identification of immunologic correlates of protective immunity or immunopathology. We studied important correlates of the immune response in a trachoma-endemic population in order to improve our knowledge of this disease. This is essential for the successful development of a vaccine against both ocular and genital C. trachomatis infection. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We used quantitative real-time PCR for C. trachomatis 16S rRNA to identify conjunctival infection. The expression of IFN-gamma, IDO, IL-10, and FOXP3 mRNA transcripts was measured. We evaluated the role of immune effector and regulatory responses in the control of chlamydial infection and in the resolution of clinical signs of trachoma in endemic communities in Gambia. All host transcripts examined were detectable even in normal conjunctiva. The levels of these transcripts were increased, compared to normal uninfected conjunctiva, when infection was detected, with or without clinical disease signs. Interestingly, when clinical disease signs were present in the absence of infection, the expression of a regulatory T cell transcription factor, FOXP3, remained elevated. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of an increase in the magnitude of the local anti-chlamydial cytokine immune responses with age. This increase is coupled to a decline in the prevalence of infection and active trachoma, suggesting that effective adaptive immunity is acquired over a number of years. The anti-chlamydial and inflammatory immune response at the conjunctival surface, which may control chlamydial replication, is closely matched by counter inflammatory or regulatory IL-10 expression. Differences in the level of FOXP3 expression in the conjunctiva may indicate a role for regulatory T cells in the resolution of the conjunctival immune response, which is important in protection from immunopathology. However, the expression of cytokines that control chlamydial replication and those that regulate the conjunctival immune response is not simply juxtaposed; the interaction between the infection and the clinical disease process is therefore more complex.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Pulmonary mononuclear cell responses to antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in healthy household contacts of patients with active tuberculosis and healthy controls from the community.

Protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires CD4+ lymphocyte-mediated immune responses and IFN-gamma activity. As the primary portal of entry of M. tuberculosis is the lung, pulmonary immune responses against multiple M. tuberculosis Ags were compared between both M. tuberculosis-exposed tuberculin skin test-positive healthy household contacts (HHC) of patients with active sputum smear and culture-positive tuberculosis and tuberculin skin test-positive healthy control individuals from the community (CC). Frequencies of M. tuberculosis Ag-specific IFN-gamma-producing cells, IFN-gamma concentrations in culture supernatants, and DNA synthesis in bronchoalveolar cells (BAC) and PBMC were studied in HHC (n = 10) and CC (n = 15). Using enzyme-linked immunospot assay we found higher frequencies of IFN-gamma-producing cells with specificity to M. tuberculosis-secreted Ag 85 (Ag 85) in BAC from HHC than in BAC from CC (p < 0.022) and relative to autologous PBMC, indicating compartmentalization of Ag 85-specific cells to the lungs. Further, IFN-gamma-producing cells with specificity to components A and B of Ag 85 were specifically compartmentalized to the lungs in HHC (p < 0. 05). IFN-gamma concentrations in culture supernatants of BAC and Ag-specific DNA synthesis were low and comparable in the two subject groups. Increased immune responses to Ag 85 at the site of repeated exposure to M. tuberculosis (the lung) may represent an important component of protective immunity against M. tuberculosis. Correlates of protective immunity against M. tuberculosis are required for assessment of the efficiency of anti-tuberculous vaccines.

Acyltransferases↗