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Results for “Institutionalization”

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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources

PubMed1984

A five-year immunological follow-up study of the institutionalized handicapped children vaccinated with live varicella vaccine or infected with natural varicella.

Twenty-two institutionalized handicapped children who were susceptible to varicella were vaccinated with live varicella vaccine of the Oka strain and their immune status was followed for 5 years under conditions without exposure to natural varicella. Simultaneously, 7 children infected with natural varicella were followed. Of the 22 vaccinees, 16 showed sero-positive conversion by the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) test, the other 6 remaining seronegative during 5 years of observation period. All the 16 cases showing seroconversion had detectable antibody for 5 years after vaccination, and 14 of them gave a positive reaction in the varicella skin test. All the 7 cases after natural varicella gave positive reactions in both the FAMA and skin test. These results suggest that immunity conferred by the vaccination would persist long even in the absence of exposure to natural varicella, though further follow-up studies are needed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Personal competence of institutionalized adult males with or without Down syndrome.

The Personal Competence Profile was administered to 30 male adults with Down syndrome and 30 male adults without Down syndrome matched on age, IQ, and years of institutionalization. Down syndrome subjects rated higher on attention, calmness, and niceness but lower on sensation, language, and boldness. The results were consistent with the classical personality stereotype of Down syndrome and suggest the utility of using personal competence as a framework for studying behavioral aspects of mental retardation.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Cytogenetic findings in moderate and severe mental retardation. A study of an institutionalized population of 1991 patients.

The cytogenetic data of a large scale study in an institutionalized population of 1991 moderately and severely mentally retarded patients are presented. In 21.3% of these patients a chromosomal aberration was diagnosed (14.9% Down syndrome patients and 3.5% "other chromosomal anomalies"). A fragile X screening was performed in 354 males, and was found to be positive in 57 (16.1% positive). Different chromosomal variants were present in another 6% of this population. Detailed results are presented on the different groups of chromosomal aberrations.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Alternatives to institutionalization.

If the family physician is to avoid institutionalizing his elderly patients unnecessarily, he must arrange for a comprehensive medical, psychologic, social and financial assessment of all his elderly patients under active treatment. He must contact or organize home health services so that his patients can obtain nursing, homemaker and social work services, meals-on-wheels and other voluntary assistance. He should promote the development of day care and other services that will help maintain the independence of his elderly patients.

Aftercare↗

PubMed1983

Studies on sulphone resistant strains of M. leprae in field and institutionalized cases of leprosy.

The proportions of dapsone resistant strains of M. leprae in cases from the field and in patient institutionalized for treatment were compared. Identification of dapsone resistance was done by mouse-foot-pad experiments carried out in the Laboratory in Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute, Chengalpattu. A higher percentage of resistance was detected among institutional patients as compared to field cases. The distribution of M.I. ranges of M. leprae in dapsone resistant subjects was not different from that in dapsone sensitive cases.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Morale and perceived control in institutionalized elderly.

This study explored patterns of causal relationships among perception of situational control, health, socioeconomic status, functional dependency, length of stay, and morale in institutionalized elderly. Causal patterns in residents at two levels of care were contrasted. A total of 113 residents on intermediate and skilled care units chosen randomly from 4 urban proprietary nursing homes were studied. Variables were measured by means of an interview. Instruments included the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale, Chang's Situational Control of Daily Activities Scale, and the Resident's Questionnaire. Path analysis was used with a causal model to estimate direct and indirect effects of the independent variables on morale. Important differences in the way the independent variables affected morale for residents on the two levels of care were reported. Perception of situational control proved to be a key variable, significantly related to the morale of residents on both levels of care, although the strength of the association was stronger for residents on skilled care. Functional dependency, health, and socioeconomic status had significant direct effects on the morale of residents on intermediate care but not those on skilled care.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1978

The relation of length of institutionalization to the intellectual functioning of the profoundly retarded.

The effect of institutionalization was measured in relation to performance on the Cattell Infant Intelligence Scale by 103 profoundly retarded residents with a mean CA of 20.3 years, a mean MA of 18.1 months, a mean IQ of 12.7, and a mean number of years in the institution of 10.6. After partialing out CA and MA, years in the institution was negatively correlated with success in visually directed object manipulation (Cattell items below an MA of 9 months), social imitation (9-12 months), and purposeful, constructive activities (over 20 months). The findings were compared with previous studies on retarded and nonretarded infants and children.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Vitamin/mineral supplements and intelligence of institutionalized mentally retarded adults.

Vitamin/mineral supplements were administered to institutionalized mentally retarded adults in a double-blind study over a 7-month period. No changes were observed in IQ nor in adaptive behavior, i.e., independent living skills within the institution. This was a replication with adults of a previous study of children that had obtained positive results. Possible reasons for the different findings were discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Effect of front-line staff turnover on the behavior of institutionalized mentally retarded adults.

The effect of front-line (direct-care) staff turnover on the behavior of institutionalized mentally retarded adults was investigated using two procedures. One measured the effect of turnover on residents' behavior across whole wards. Another measured the impact of turnover on the behavior of a group of residents who acted as their own controls. Contrary to our hypothesis, results suggested that staff turnover had little effect on residents' behavior. These results were discussed, along with suggestions for future research.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1983

Effects of socialization games on proximity and prosocial behavior of aggressive mentally retarded institutionalized women.

Socialization games, designed to reinforce prosocial behavior between moderately and severely mentally retarded aggressive institutionalized women, were presented to two groups on 12 occasions over 8 weeks, randomly interspersed with 12 sessions of arts and crafts or filmstrip stories. Half of the sessions were presented in the morning and half in the afternoon. Video-taped observations of interpersonal behavior for 10 minutes after each session were analyzed in terms of friendly, unfriendly, and inactive behavior, and the distance of each subject from each other subject was measured. The rate of friendly behavior was significantly greater after the games and was higher in morning than afternoon sessions. The games also significantly decreased interpersonal distance. Both unfriendly behavior and inactivity were higher after the "placebo" sessions. The relevance of these results to institutional programming was discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Naturalistic studies of institutionalized profoundly or severely mentally retarded persons: the relationship of density and behavior.

Observational data were collected on institutionalized mentally retarded people to determine the relationship between density and behavior in order to discover (a) in what size groups do such persons typically congregate? and (b) what effect does density have on their behavior within that group? Results showed that (a) this population was alone or only with peers more than with staff by a 3:1 ratio; (b) when they were with staff, they were with two or more peers 75 percent of the time; and (c) when they were not with staff, they were with two or more peers more than they were alone or with only one other peer. Results also showed that certain types of behavior changed in frequency as density changed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

A matched comparison of the developmental growth of institutionalized and deinstitutionalized mentally retarded clients.

Seventy mentally retarded clients previously residing in a large state institution were matched with 70 clients who remained at the same institution. Clients were matched by sex, level of retardation, years institutionalized, self-care skills, age, and IQ. Developmental growth, operationally defined as adaptive behavior change using a research version of the AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale, was measured for all clients at Time 1 and Time 2. Demographic and environmental factors that could be associated with adaptive behavior growth were explored. Only the deinstitutionalized clients displayed significant growth. They increased in adaptive behavior and showed no significant change in maladaptive behavior.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Institutionalized epileptic patients in the "Marche" region (preliminary data) (author's transl)].

The purpose of this survey was to gather information about long stay epileptic patients in 16 institutions of the "Marche" region. The 203 institutionalized subjects were examined and the information fed into computer. All the patients, in addition to epilepsy, had psychiatric and or neurological handicaps, which were often more disabling than their epilepsy (with difficult social adjustment in most cases). The socio-economic level of the families was usually rather low. Ths survey showed satisfactory as well as unsatisfactory aspects of rehabilitation facilities, equipment, medical and para-medical staff, in these institutions. The deficiencies were mostly caused by the lack of coordination and programming at regional level. Each institution, in effect, acted independently.

Epilepsy↗

PubMed1980

An attempt to assess and predict adaptive behavior of institutionalized mentally retarded clients.

Institutionalized retarded clients (N = 142) were assessed on the Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS) within 6 months of their admission to Woodhaven Center (Philadelphia) and approximately 12 to 18 months later. While clients were found to progress significantly on 7 of the 10 domains of Part One of the ABS, no significant gains were noted on Part Two. Selected client characteristics (age of admission, sex, IQ, AAMD etiological classification) were also examined as predictors of improvement on the ABS. None of these characteristics was significantly associated with gains on the ABS. The above findings were discussed in terms of specific characteristics of the client population and with respect to limitations of the ABS itself.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1980

Attitudes of parents of institutionalized mentally retarded individuals toward deinstitutionalization.

Parents of institutionalized mentally retarded persons were surveyed through use of a mailed questionnaire to determine the placement they preferred for their retarded offspring. An overwhelming majority chose the institution over the group home and supervised apartment. Reasons for their choice centered on the availability and quality of supervision, care, and other resources. The resident's age, functioning level, and rated behavior were not related to placement preference.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

African American caregivers: perceptions of the caregiving situation and factors influencing the delay of the institutionalization of elders with dementia.

This study of 34 caregiver-patient dyads targeted the caregivers' perceptions about caregiving situations. Specific open-ended interview questions ascertained caregivers' perceptions specifically about community services and the factors which influence health care institutionalization. Issues raised include supportive services, caregiving assistants and non-obtainable health care services. Several delay factors were discovered including caregiving assistance from family members or networks of friends and outside social support systems. A qualitative method effectively captured revealing testimony about the caregiver-elder patient relationship.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Plasma alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and retinol levels in the institutionalized elderly individuals and in young adults.

We investigated the plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol, retinol, and beta-carotene in the institutionalized elderly individuals and in young adults, together with assessment of the influence of plasma lipids for beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol, and the effect of retinol binding protein (RBP) on retinol levels. Although plasma alpha-tocopherol levels in elderly females were significantly higher than in elderly males, there was no significant difference in the ratio of plasma alpha-tocopherol to total lipids between males and females or between the young adults and the elderly subjects. However, the plasma beta-carotene level in elderly females did not differ from those in elderly males after correction for the difference in plasma lipids levels, while a significant higher level was observed in the young females even after this correction. Thus, plasma beta-carotene levels appear to depend not only on plasma lipids, but also on other factors, while the plasma alpha-tocopherol level depends entirely on plasma lipids. A higher plasma retinol level was observed in young males than in young females, with the level in young females not differing from that in elderly subjects of both sexes. This difference in retinol levels was dependent on changes in RBP, because the ratio of retinol to RBP did not differ between males and females or between the young adults and elderly.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Contextual factors associated with disturbing behaviors in institutionalized elders.

Data from a longitudinal clinical trial funded by the National Institute of Aging, testing the effects of staff education and consultation on restraint reduction in nursing homes, were used to examine disturbing behaviors in institutionalized elders and to identify related environmental and personal characteristics. Subjects were 586 residents from three well-matched nursing homes. Kayser-Jone's (1989) model on environment and quality of life in long-term care institutions served as the organizing framework. Data on disturbing behaviors from the Psychogeriatric Dependency Rating Scale were factor analyzed. Three factors, Agitated Psychomotor Behaviors, Aggressive Interpersonal Communication, and Expressive Difficulty, emerged from the principal factor analysis and accounted for 35% of the variance. The Kayser-Jones model partially explained Agitated Psychomotor Behavior (R2 = .22). A model comparison approach indicated that the addition of an organizational variable, staff mix, significantly increased the amount of variance explained over and above that contributed by the personal variables.

Aged↗