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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Recently-arrived migrants and social welfare.

"This article explores the impact of the Coalition Government's proposals to limit recently-arrived migrants' access to social welfare benefits [in Australia]. It concludes that while the short-term consequences for these migrants will be severe, the proposals do not address the more significant long-term welfare costs of family migration."

Australia↗
PubMed1982

Malonaldehyde production around copper IUDs.

Specimens of cervical mucus from 7 women fitted with copper IUDs were placed immediately after collection in liquid nitrogen. These specimens were shown by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements to contain statistically significantly higher concentrations of free radicals than similar specimens from 6 women fitted with plastic Lippes loops. Cervical mucus, collected from women immediately prior to elective removal of an IUD, was placed in 2M hydrochloricacid and later analyzed for malonaldehyde using a newly developed polarographic method. Positive results were obtained for 8 of 19 women fitted with copper IUDs, but for none of 21 women fitted with plastic devices. Cervical mucus was similarly collected from 10 women fitted with copper IUDs, 9 women fitted with plastic IUDs, and an additional 9 using other methods of contraception. Mucus was collected 3 times (early, middle, and late cycle). No malonaldehyde was detected in mucus from women with plastic IUDs, or other contraceptive methods. Positive results were obtained in 13 of 29 mucus specimens from those using copper IUDs. Stage of menstrual cycle did not influence the percentage of positive results. Malonaldehyde was detected in vitro in solutions of arachidonate or prostaglandin F2alpha in buffered saline incubated with sterile copper IUD, but not with the plastic. Rate of malonaldehyde production was markedly influenced by pH, temperature, agitation, substrate concentration, and size of gas-liquid interface. the rates of malonaldehyde production around the copper IUD in utero are unknown. The possible increased risk of carcinogenicity associated with the copper IUD is discussed.

Biology↗
PubMed1991

Refining the issues for realistic population-development policies in Africa.

"Varied population issues have sprung up as the population-development question has received more attention with time.... This paper takes up [critical population] issues and refines them in the perspective of African realities for long-term development. It is argued that the assumptions on which the Coale-Hoover model is based are untenable in the African circumstances.... The issues [considered in this paper] and having a common denominator, namely, reduction of current high fertility, are as follows: (a) old age structure and prospects for economic development; (b) the danger for Africa of rapid decline in fertility; (c) maternal and child health advantages; and, (d) environmental protection."

Africa↗
PubMed1992

[Changes in the population dynamics of the Republic of Croatia in the period 1981-1991 as a function of urbanization].

"The paper deals with the increasingly more unfavourable natural movement of the population in Croatia.... It is concluded that today's demographic dynamism and the structure of Croatia is a continuation of a long-term unfavourable process. The introduction of an appropriate population policy is necessary and should not be delayed, together with re-direction of...urbanization."

Croatia↗
PubMed2005

Effects of vitamins C and E on oxidative stress markers and endothelial function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a double blind, placebo controlled pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experience excess morbidity and mortality due to coronary artery disease (CAD) that cannot be fully explained by the classical CAD risk factors. Among emerging CAD risk factors, oxidative stress is currently being emphasized. We evaluated the effects of longterm antioxidant vitamins on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense and endothelial function in 39 patients with SLE. METHODS: Patients were randomized to receive either placebo or vitamins (500 mg vitamin C and 800 IU vitamin E daily) for 12 weeks. Markers of oxidative stress included malondialdehyde (MDA) and allantoin. Antioxidants measured included erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, plasma total antioxidant power (as FRAP value), and ascorbic acid and vitamin E concentrations. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and plasma concentration of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1). Primary outcome of the study included the change in lipid peroxidation as revealed by MDA levels. Secondary outcomes included changes in allantoin and antioxidant levels and change in endothelial function. RESULTS: After treatment, plasma ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) increased only in the vitamin-treated group, associated with a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in plasma MDA. Other oxidative stress markers and antioxidant levels remained unchanged in both groups. FMD and vWF and PAI-1 levels remained unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSION: Combined administration of vitamins C and E was associated with decreased lipid peroxidation, but did not affect endothelial function in patients with SLE after 3 months of therapy.

Allantoin↗
PubMed2005

Mortality trends: toward a new definition of AIDS?

HIV disease today looks very different than it did two decades ago when the first cases were described--at least in developed countries where highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is widely available. Most HIV positive people receiving treatment no longer succumb to opportunistic illnesses (OIs) that take advantage of their ravaged immune systems. Instead, people with HIV now live longer and die from a wide variety of other causes. In other words, a growing number of positive people will die with HIV, but not of HIV. In the HAART era, HIV positive people and their health-care providers must now think about the cumulative impact of chronic HIV infection and the longterm side effects of treatment. In addition, as effective antiretroviral therapy extends the lives of people with HIV, they become prone to conditions that normally occur with greater frequency as people age (such as heart disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis) and progressive conditions that may take decades to cause significant illness or death (such as chronic viral hepatitis). Given the shifts in the types of conditions now seen in people with HIV, it may be time to rethink the definition of AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

Management of an uncomplicated posterior elbow dislocation.

OBJECTIVE: To present a case of an uncomplicated posterior elbow dislocation in a US World Cup athlete and discuss her rehabilitation. BACKGROUND: Traditional protocol for management of this injury has been splint immobilization for several weeks, but research suggests a shortened duration of immobilization and early active motion. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Elbow dislocation with possible fracture. TREATMENT: The dislocation was reduced and a compression bandage and sling were applied. The sports medicine staff and athlete determined that rehabilitation would involve limited immobilization with a posterior splint. Also, active range-of- motion exercises were to be incorporated early in the range-of- motion program to decrease pain at the articulation. UNIQUENESS: The athlete was not immobilized and her aggressive five-phase rehabilitation program progressed according to decrease in inflammation and increase in range of motion and strength. CONCLUSIONS: Shortened immobilization and return to World Championship competition 6 weeks postinjury had no longterm adverse effects on the athlete.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

IgG subclasses in foetal cord and maternal serum: associations with infections in infancy and smoking in pregnancy.

We have investigated the associations between levels of umbilical cord and maternal IgG subclasses with maternal smoking habits in pregnancy and infection rate during the first year of life following the birth of 93 normal infants. There was a wide degree of normal biological variation of subclass levels between infants and also within mother/infant pairs. There were higher serum levels of IgG-1 in smoking mothers (P less than 0.001) compared to non-smokers. One year follow-up of the infants' infection rate was evaluated by postal questionnaire (n = 72; 77% response rate). There was a weak but significant inverse correlation between foetal cord levels of IgG-2 and infection rate (r = -0.38). There was however no observable increase in infection in the infants of smoking mothers despite reduced birth weight, increased IgG-1 levels and the continued exposure to passive smoking during the first year. The possible mechanisms of a longterm protective effect against infection of maternally derived IgG-2 and the effects of maternal smoking are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Clinical and health status measures over time: prognosis and outcome assessment in rheumatoid arthritis.

We studied clinical and health status measures in 561 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Two hundred sixty-four patients were seen within 2 years of disease onset and followed for an additional 2 years. Four other groups were each followed for 5 years, and had disease durations of 2-7, 7-12, 12-17, and 17-22 years, respectively, at the first clinic visit. Functional disability developed very early in the course of RA and continued to worsen at about an equal rate over 22 years. Anxiety, pain scores, and self-assessed severity also increased with time, but erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), morning stiffness, and joint counts were unchanged. Treatment resulted in reduction in joint counts and in nonsignificant improvements in ESR, stiffness, and psychological scores. But functional loss increased in each time period in spite of treatment. Variables most effective in controlled clinical trials are not effective as longterm measures of RA outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Treatment of persistent intraocular hypertension after attack of acute angle-closure glaucoma].

Persistent intraocular hypertension followed attack of acute angle-closure glaucoma in 87 eyes of 71 patients. After 1-12 days, averaging 2.1 days, they were treated with sublamellar sclerotomy for initial drainage of aqueous, and then sclerectomy and trabeculectomy were performed for longterm hypotensive effect. No intra- or post-operative serious complications occurred and the anterior chamber reformed within 48 hours, while in all 20 controls the filling of anterior chamber was delayed. This modality of treatment had the advantage of combining immediate relief of critical IOP with permanent aqueous filtration.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of late surgical results in coronary disease supported by exercise stress test, noninvasive examination and work resumption].

The aim of the study was to assess effectiveness of surgery in management of coronary artery disease (CAD) during long-term follow-up in bearings of physical efficiency and work resumption. 21 males observed during 3-7 years after coronary artery by-pass grafting (CABG) underwent the study. Patients age ranged from 37 to 60 years (mean 51.7) at the beginning of the follow-up. 10 patients had hypertension and 12 suffered from myocardial infarction before CABG. Number of by-pass grafts ranged from 2 to 4. Postsurgical rehabilitation was performed in the cardiological health resort hospital. Assessment was based on anamnesis and physical, ECG, noninvasive as well as ECG bicycle exercise stress examinations. Long-term follow-up proved significant postoperative increase of exercise tolerance expressed by prolongation of ECG exercise test duration as well as augmentation of maximal load and performed work. Left ventricular contractility improvement measured by LVET/PEP and LVETI parameters was also stated. The best results were observed up to 6 years after surgery in patients with grafted left anterior descending artery. Preoperative myocardial infarction did not effect on longterm results of surgery. 75% of patients resumed a work after myocardial revascularization.

Adult↗