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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Plasmacytoma arising in giant lymph node hyperplasia.

Giant lymph node hyperplasia (GLNH) is generally thought to represent a benign process. A patient with GLNH of the chest wall had part of the lymph node replaced by large nodules of infiltrating plasma cells, and a serum paraprotein of the IgG lambda type. A peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical technic showed that the plasma cells within areas of typical appearing GLNH were polyclonal, whereas those making up the nodular infiltrates were monoclonal. The observation of a plasmacytoma arising in this lesion demonstrates the neoplastic potential of GLNH.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

The survival of stage III gastric cancer patients is affected by the number of lymph nodes removed.

BACKGROUND: Lymph node (LN) removal has been an important component in surgical treatment of gastric cancer. However, it is not clear whether the number of lymph nodes resected affects patient survival. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 147 patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach who had undergone gastrectomy with curative intent between 1992 and 2001. Patients were divided into two groups: group I patients had < or =15 (n=124) and group II patients had >15 (n=23) LN reported. RESULTS: The two groups were similar in age, gender distribution, and tumor locations. Group II patients had more advanced tumor, node, and overall staging. The median survival was 23.0 and 31.8 months for groups I and II, respectively. In stage III patients, median survival was 14.4 months for group I and 33.8 months for group II (P=.006). Group II patients also had more proximal lesions (P<.001) and a decreased positive to removed LN ratio (P=.014). CONCLUSION: For stage III disease, removal of >15 LN appears to contribute to a considerable survival advantage. Because extended lymphadenectomy will most reliably allow >15 LN removed and add no operative morbidity and mortality, we strongly recommend it be considered in curative resections of gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in the management of breast cancer.

Sentinel node localization is the second most important development in this century after conservative lumpectomy for the treatment of early breast cancer. The sentinel node mapping is a new multidisciplinary approach for staging of axilla in an accurate and less morbid way as compared to axillary node dissection. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with breast cancer has been adopted rapidly into clinical practice. The accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy is more than 95%, when performed meticulously (by an experienced multidisciplinary team) with proper patient selection. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is most widely used for both palpable and non-palpable T1 and T2 tumors. Recent studies show application of sentinel lymph node technique in patients with locally advanced breast cancer and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, sentinel lymph node biopsy technique has application in developing countries and other countries where screening for breast cancer is not common and most patients present relatively in advanced stage of the disease. Several aspects of the sentinel lymph node biopsy including technique, case selection, pathologic analysis and accuracy with supportive important studies published in the literature will be discussed in this review.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

Anatomic study of the lymph nodes of the mesorectum.

PURPOSE: Lymph node involvement is the most important prognostic factor when staging patients with colorectal cancer. The probability of detecting metastasis grows with the number of nodes examined. However, the number of nodes found in surgical specimens varies substantially. We have therefore determined the number and distribution of lymph nodes in the mesorectum by cadaveric dissection. METHODS: Twenty formalin-fixed cadaveric pelvises were dissected (13 males). The search for lymph nodes was performed in a systematic way, from the division of the superior rectal artery following the smallest visible branches to the level of the anorectal ring. RESULTS: A total of 168 lymph nodes were found in 20 mesorectal blocks, with a mean (standard deviation) number per specimen of 8.4 (4.45). Lymph node size ranged from 2 to 10 mm. Distribution of lymph nodes in mesorectum was as follows: 120 nodes (71.4 percent) were found around the branches of the superior rectal artery proximal to the peritoneal reflection, and 48 nodes (28.6 percent) were found distal to the peritoneal reflection. Fourteen specimens (70 percent) had lymph nodes at the division of the superior rectal artery. CONCLUSIONS: The mean number of lymph nodes found in the mesorectum distal to the superior rectal artery division was 8.4. Most of these lymph nodes were proximal to the peritoneal reflection. The range found in the number of lymph nodes per case should be considered for use in the formulation of guidelines in anatomicopathologic studies of surgical specimens obtained after mesorectal excision.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome.

Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome represents a series of clinical findings that has been observed primarily in Japanese children. The disease now appears to be migrating to this country. It involves the cervical lymph nodes, the skin, and mucus membranes. Although the course is usually benign and self-limiting, a number of deaths have resulted from coronary artery disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Decision-making for lymph node excision in surgery of thyroid cancer. Extemporaneous examination of the external supraclavicular lymph nodes].

UNLABELLED: Modified neck dissection (MND) is not recommended for surgery of thyroid carcinoma (TC) in the absence of grossly involved nodes, except for medullary thyroid carcinoma, and clinical node recurrence in uncommon at follow-up (3% for us). But several authors report metastatic cancer in non-palpable nodes up to 70% on MND specimens. The fear of overlooking occult metastatic nodes prompted us to sample even normal appearing nodes and to rely on frozen sections (FS) to make a decision whether or not a MND should be done. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 130 among 300 consecutive patients operated for TC were submitted to supraclavicular node sampling with FS. All pathological varieties were covered. In 170 cases, sampling was not done purposely (lack of intraoperative diagnosis of carcinoma: 75) or for other reasons (absence of obvious nodes: 77; unavailable pathologist: 14; miscellaneous: 4). All specimens were reviewed by paraffin sections (PS). RESULTS: Among the 130 patients; 25 had gross metastatic node involvement, confirmed by FS+ and PS+; 1 had grossly equivocal nodes with FS- and PS+; 104 had grossly normal nodes. In 101 (97%) this was confirmed by FS- and PS-. In 3 (3%) FS was +, leading to MND, and PS confirmed metastatic involvement in 2. All 32 specimens of routine node sampling done in 1988 have been reviewed by serial cross sections, one each millimeter (331 sections). One only disclosed one occult metastatic invasion. CONCLUSION: No more than 3% of the grossly normal supraclavicular nodes are metastatic at the time of surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Carcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Regional lymph node dissections in malignant melanoma.

Considerable controversy surrounds the application of regional lymphadenectomy in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma in patients with clinically negative nodes; however, therapeutic lymph node dissection for clinically positive nodes has shown clear benefits. Opponents of elective lymph node dissection (ELND) for clinically negative nodes believe that because 80% of patients with clinical Stage I disease have histologically negative nodes at the time of resection of the primary tumor, prophylactic excision of the regional nodes is unnecessary. Some clinicians have failed to demonstrate a survival advantage for ELND. With the recent introduction of sentinel lymph node dissection, it may be possible to select patients who are likely to benefit from ELND. The authors recommend ELND based on the identification of metastatic cells within the sentinel lymph node in all patients with primary melanomas with a thickness of at least 1.0 mm.

Elective Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1997

Cords, channels, corridors and conduits: critical architectural elements facilitating cell interactions in the lymph node cortex.

The lymph node cortex is a critical site for encounter between recirculating T cells and their specific antigens. Due to its extreme plasticity, little is understood of the underlying functional unit of the lymph node cortex, the paracortical cord. The idealized paracortical cord (approximately 100 microns by 1000 microns) stretches from a medullary cord to the base of a B-cell follicle. In cross-section, a cord can be visualized as a set of nested cylinders consisting of spaces bounded by cells. The spaces are: i) the lumen of the high endothelial venule (HEV), ii) perivenular channels-narrow potential spaces (0.1 micron) tightly encircling the HEV, iii) corridors-broad spaces (10-15 microns) constituting the majority of the parenchyma, and iv) the cortical sinus. In addition to these spaces for cell traffic, the conduit (fifth space) is a special delivery system for the transit of soluble factors to the HEV and emigrating lymphocytes. The cellular barriers between these spaces are high endothelium, fibroblastic reticular cells, or sinus-lining cells. This review describes the spaces of the paracortical cord and their cellular boundaries, outlines the movement of cells and fluids through these spaces, and discusses how this anatomy affects the efficiency of surveillance by T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The enveloping of intercellular collagenous fibrils by reticular cell processes in postnatal development of rat lymph nodes.

In the lymph nodes of adult rats reticular fibers are known to be covered by the processes of reticular cells. This study aims to visualize the sequence of the envelopment of reticular fibers by reticular cells during development. Rat popliteal lymph nodes of one to twenty-three days after birth were examined by electron microscopy. At the earliest stages, collagenous protofibrils were found in the intercellular space between studded mesenchymal cells. The protofibrils clustered around the plasma membrane of immature reticular cells and then became arranged into microfibrils of 30-40 nm in diameter. Bundles of the fibrils which might be called reticular fibers were surrounded by processes of more than one reticular cell. Then the reticular fiber came to be enclosed by the cytoplasmic process of a single reticular cell. Finally at 16-23 days after birth, the reticular fiber was completely ensheathed by the thick cytoplasmic process of a single reticular cell closed with a junctional complex. Throughout these periods, basal lamina-like materials existed between the reticular fiber and cytoplasmic process. Clumps of fibrils were rarely in contact with leukocytes, including lymphocytes. Immature elastic fibers appeared among collagenous fibrils of the reticular fiber when the fiber came to be enclosed by processes of some reticular cells. It was shown that the enclosure of the reticular fiber by the reticular cell did not result from physical pressure due to the increase of the number of lymphocytes, but the reticular cell actively enclosed the reticular fiber.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Identification of sentinel lymph nodes in thyroid carcinoma].

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) was defined as the first lymph node that the tumor would drain to, within that tumors regional lymphatic basin. In 1998, Kelemen and coworkers have published the first results on SLN lymphonodectomy in thyroid carcinomas. Different methods have been used in a goal of lymphatic mapping (application of vital blue dye and/or radiocolloid). In a period from 2001 to 2003 we have performed SLN biopsy in 64 patients with thyroid tumors. There were 12 cases of thyroid carcinoma. SLN identification rate was 73.44%. We found no false positive or negative results on definitive histopathology. The impact of lymph node metastases in differentiated thyroid carcinoma is still controversial. The management of cervical lymph nodes varies from berry picking to modified radical neck dissection. There is a significant disproportion in percentage of pre and intraoperatively enlarged lymph nodes (27-45%) and histologically confirmed lymph node metastases (80-90%) in papillary thyroid carcinoma. In the current literature the average rate of SLN identification is 91% (66-100%) and when identified, the SLN accurately predicts the disease status of the neck in most patients (80-100%). The SLN biopsy for thyroid carcinoma is good and feasible technique for estimating the cervical lymph node status.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[The characteristics of the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes situated along the pathway of lymph flow from human lungs at different periods of postnatal ontogeny].

Histological slices of the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes have been stained after van Gieson, azur-II eosin, hematoxylin-eosin, silver nitrate impregnation after Foot. Certain peculiarities of their structure have been revealed. For intersegmental lymph nodes a narrow lumen of the marginal sinus (13.2 +/- 1.3 mcm), small amount of lymphoid noduli in the cortex (10.8 +/- 1.0 per section) are specific. Lobular and portal lymph nodes have a wider lumen of the marginal sinus (15.9 +/- 1.6 mcm) and greater amount of the lymphoid noduli in the cortex (17.5 +/- 1.6 per section), the latter situating in two or three rows.

Aging↗