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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Meningococcal infection: changes in serogroups and penicillin resistance].

OBJECTIVE: There has been an increasing number of strains of meningococcus with reduced susceptibility to penicillin in Spain during the past few years. The serogroup distribution has also changed during this period. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of different N. meningitidis serogroups, the penicillin susceptibility and the clinical and laboratory data from the patients with meningococcal disease in our hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of the patients admitted to the hospital during a 4 year period (1993-1996) with bacteriological data of meningococcal sepsis/meningitis was performed. Serogroup and penicillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined. Analysis of the clinical data from the patients with disease due to serogroups B or C was also performed. RESULTS: The incidence of serogroups C and B was 47% and 51.6%, respectively. There were 5 cases of decreased susceptivility to penicillin (MIC 0 0.25 microgram/ml). There were no clinical differences between the two groups of patients. CONCLUSIONS: There was a progressive increase in the incidence of serogroup C, while the incidence of serogroup B remained stable, as did the cases of meningococci with reduced susceptibility to penicillin. Although this study did not suggest a modification in the initial treatment, every strain of meningococci must be studied to show penicillin MIC to avoid treatment failure.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1975

[Results of a controlled epidemiological trial of the application of placental gamma globulin in foci of meningococcal infection].

Controlled epidemiological trial was applied to the study of the use of placental gamma-globulin for prophylaxis of generalized forms of meningococcus infection in the foci (creches and kindergartens). A group of the vaccinated children (16 140) and control group (16 080) were the same age and sex. Gamma-globulin was administered in a dose of 3 ml to every other child attending creches and kindergartens not later than the 10th day after the patient's isolation. It was shown that the efficacy coefficient of gamma-globulin in the foci of meningococcus infection constituted 68% (the efficacy index was 3.2) for one month after the administration.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Meningococcal infection: evidence for school transmission.

Intimate contacts of a patient with meningococcal disease are at greater risk of disease than the general population and are offered chemoprophylaxis in order to prevent secondary cases. School contact is not considered a risk factor unless a further case develops. Bacteriological sampling of contacts to identify potential sources of infection is not considered warranted. We have questioned these approaches and investigated the contacts of a 9-year-old child with meningitis caused by sulphonamide-sensitive Neisseria meningitidis group C. Household carriers were not identified but 7/34 classmates were carrying the index strain suggesting that transmission was occurring within this population. The current recommendations for prophylaxis are based on information gathered in socioepidemiological settings, and involving strains which differ from those now prevalent. Such extrapolations may not be justified and further microbiological studies seem warranted to re-examine meningococcal transmission and prophylaxis usage in school children.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1978

[Dynamics of humoral immunity indices in patients with the generalized form of meningococcal infection].

A possibility of using the passive hemagglutination test with meningococcus diagnostic agents of groups A and C for observing the changes in the infectious process was demonstrated. Sera of patients with generalized form of meningococcus infection showed an increase (by the 2nd--3rd week) and a rapid reduction (by the 4th week) of the specific antibodies titres to the levels seen during the first days of the disease. At the remote periods after the disease--in 2 to 5 years--hemagglutinins were revealed in the same titres as in healthy persons (1:10--1:13). Study of physico-chemical nature of antibodies demonstrated that at the early stages of meningococcus infection there formed antibodies referred chiefly to macroglobulins, and at the remote periods (after 3 months)--to microglobulins.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Meningococcal infections in the Province of Québec, Canada, during the period 1991 to 1992.

A total of 234 strains of Neisseria meningitidis obtained from hospitalized patients living in the province of Québec during the period 1991 to 1992 were characterized according to their serogroup, serotype, subtype, electrophoretic type, and antimicrobial susceptibility. All these strains were recovered from sterile body fluids, except for one strain that was isolated postmortem from a cutaneous lesion. For both years, serogroup C was the most prevalent (69.7%), followed by serogroup B (27.4%). Serotype 2a represented 80.3% of serogroup C isolates, and P1.2 was the most common subtype associated with this serotype. Clone ET 15 accounted for 76.5% of serogroup C isolates and 90.0% of serotype 2a strains. Although meningococcal disease occurred mostly in children under the age of 5 (9.7 cases per 100,000 children), with a peak incidence for children under 1 (20.3 cases per 100,000 children), most fatalities occurred among teenagers (12 to 19 years old). The total fatality rate was 11.5%, and serogroup C strains were responsible for 88.9% of these fatalities. Thirteen strains had a reduced susceptibility to penicillin G, and 28 strains were resistant to sulfadiazine. One strain was resistant to both rifampin and sulfadiazine and showed a reduced susceptibility to penicillin G.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Catecholamine content in the adrenals in meningococcal infection].

Content of adrenaline and DOPA was distinctly decreased in adrenal glands of 32 persons who died of meningitis, as compared with 7 persons, death of which was caused by trauma. The lowest content of catecholamines was found in cases of development of meningoencephalitis and also after massive hemorrhages into the adrenal glands. The alterations observed were due to impairment of the synthesis, secretion and probably, storage of biogenic amines in the adrenal medulla.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Use of the passive hemagglutination test for diagnosis of meningococcal infection].

A considerable percentage of patients with meningococcus infection displayed an increase in the actibody titres to meningococcus, group A, detectable in the passive hemagglutination test (PHAT). An increase in the antibody titre was mose frequent in the patients with clinical manifestations of meningococciemia and meningitis. The PHAT can be used as an auxiliary method of diagnosis permitting to establish the meningococcus etiology of the disease in a number of cases.

Hemagglutination Tests↗
PubMed1971

Meningococcal infections. 4. Stability of group A and group C polysaccharide vaccines.

Polysaccharide vaccines prepared from meningococci of serogroups A and C were shown to be stable for long periods when stored in the cold-for 14-26 months or more when stored as lyophilized powder and for 18 days to 9 months or longer when stored frozen in the fluid state. Lyophilized group A vaccine was unaffected by being kept at room temperature (20-25 degrees C) for 12 days or at 35 degrees C for 3 days.

Bacterial Vaccines↗
PubMed2026

Disseminated meningococcal infection presenting with constrictive pericarditis and bilateral septic arthritis without meningitis: A case report.

Invasive meningococcal disease is a life-threatening infection that classically presents as meningitis or meningococcemia. Extra-meningeal manifestations, including pericarditis and septic arthritis, are uncommon and may complicate diagnosis, particularly in the absence of meningeal involvement. A previously healthy vaccinated man in his 50s presented with acute bilateral knee pain and swelling following a short history of fever, productive cough, fatigue, and dyspnea. Blood cultures grew Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W, whereas cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, and pericardial fluid cultures remained negative. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated constrictive pericarditis with circumferential pericardial enhancement and pericardial effusion. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous ceftriaxone, colchicine, ibuprofen, pericardiocentesis, and bilateral knee washout, followed by oral ciprofloxacin. This case adds to the limited literature describing concurrent cardiac and musculoskeletal manifestations of invasive meningococcal disease without meningitis and shows the importance of early recognition, comprehensive investigation and multidisciplinary management of these uncommon presentations.

Neisseria meningitidis↗
PubMed1971

Meningococcal infections. 1. Prevalence of serogroups causing disease in US Army personnel in 1964-70.

Examination of large numbers of strains of meningococci associated with systemic disease in US Army personnel over a 7-year period has shown a changing pattern of sero-group prevalence and an increasing proportion of sulfadiazine-resistant organisms. These findings underline the failure of sulfadiazine prophylaxis and the necessity of applying a specific vaccine to this population. Knowledge of this kind from other populations will be required in order to provide appropriate control measures-vaccine or chemoprophylaxis.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗