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Results for “Metabolic dysfunction”

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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

Sleep and fibrositis syndrome.

Chronic diffuse myalgia, localized areas of tenderness, fatigue, and unrefreshing sleep are related to a physiologic arousal disorder within sleep, that is, the alpha EEG NREM sleep anomaly. This sleep physiologic disorder, nonrestorative sleep, and symptoms of fibrositis syndrome are shown to occur with psychologic, environmental, and physiologic distress conditions. Pathogenic mechanisms that link nonrestorative sleep physiology to pain and fatigue may involve metabolic dysfunction of the brain with sleep-related alteration in immunologic and neurotransmitter functions (serotonin, substance P, endorphins). These sleep-related mechanisms have important implications for the understanding and treatment of fibrositis/fibromyalgia syndrome.

Alpha Rhythm↗

PubMed1989

[Neonatal mortality at the Ille-et-Vilaine department. Results in 1987].

All 56 neonatal deaths that occurred during 1987 in Ille-et-Vilaine department (France) were systematically analysed, and the history of pregnancy, delivery, neonatal resuscitation, circumstances under which death occurred in neonatal care unit as well as autopsy findings were studied. Each case was then discussed by a multidisciplinary staff and consensus was obtained regarding diagnosis and cause of death. There were 2 separate categories: 26 deaths (46%) were due to related to malformation, or to metabolic dysfunction; 30 deaths were a result of other causes (54%): 9 low birth weight, 5 respiratory disorders, 5 neurologic disorders, 6 infectious diseases, 2 hemorrhagic shock and 3 were of unknown etiology. Information on causes of neonatal death in a specific region may aid in determining public health priorities for that region; if similar studies were carried out in each department, and results compared, this could aid in setting the guidelines for more efficient health treatments and lead to national choices about neonatal public health.

France↗

PubMed1989

Antithrombin-III treatment limits disseminated intravascular coagulation in endotoxemia.

Gram-negative septicemia/endotoxemia remains a serious clinical disorder that is often complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Plasma antithrombin-III (AT-III) levels usually decrease during gram-negative septicemia/endotoxemia, and even moderate decreases in this major inhibitor of the coagulation system are associated with serious DIC. We demonstrated in an earlier study that prophylactic treatment of rats with 250 U/kg of AT-III followed by endotoxin challenge markedly attenuates DIC, indices of organ damage, and metabolic dysfunction. The present study was to determine whether treatment with 250 U/kg AT-III 1 hr after endotoxin challenge would be similarly efficacious. Rats treated with 250 U/kg of AT-III inactivated by human sputum elastase (ATX) served as protein controls. Blood samples for analysis were obtained 4 hr after AT-III or ATX treatment (5 hr after endotoxin challenge). Rats in the ATX treatment group exhibited abnormalities characteristic of endotoxemia, i.e., decreased fibrinogen levels and platelet counts, increases in prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, elevated serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and hypoglycemia. Treatment with AT-III markedly and significantly (P less than .05) attenuated all of these abnormalities, although survival was not increased. This study strongly suggests that supplementation of plasma AT-III is efficacious after the development of sepsis, although not as efficacious as prophylactic treatment.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Audiometric configuration as a reflection of low plasma glucose and diabetes.

Forty-five subjects with a rising, progressively improving (RPI) audiometric pattern were considered for a 5-hour oral-glucose tolerance test. Results revealed that 2 nondiabetic subjects (4%) had a plasma glucose nadir of 49 mg/dl or lower and 7 nondiabetic subjects had a nadir between 50 and 57 mg/dl. A total of 21% of 42 subjects with data indicated abnormally low readings. An additional 7 subjects were found to be diabetic; 5 subjects had impaired glucose tolerance, and 9 other subjects had nondiagnostic glucose intolerance, totalling 47% of 45 subjects in the study with abnormally elevated plasma glucose levels. Therefore a total of approximately 68% of all subjects in our study indicated metabolic dysfunction based specifically on a RPI pattern.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

[Perinatal problems in fetal macrosomy and its relation to maternal Hb A1C].

Although the frequency of macrosomic newborns decreased within the last years due to an intensive centralized care of women with diabetes mellitus, 175 new borns had a birth weight of more than 4,000 grams in 1986 (total number of deliveries 2,339). Within this collective increasing maternal as well as fetal risks and perinatal complications increased rapidly corresponding to the rising birth weight. When clinical parameters were related to maternal levels of HBA1C, which was determined immediately after delivery, a dependency of the height of glycolised hemoglobin was related to several perinatal problems e.g. maternal obesity, gestosis, maternal-fetal disproportion, operative delivery and fetal morbidity. These data stress upon the necessity of a general screening program for the early detection of metabolic dysfunction of carbohydrate.

Birth Weight↗

PubMed1987

[Criteria of the evaluation of the cause-effect relationship of toxic substances in the industrial environment].

The author at first analyses the concepts of exposure, biological monitoring and dose. Therefore, he takes into consideration the varieties of the occupational hazard underlining the more and more prominent role of the different co-factors causing occupational diseases. Then he examines the judgement of the legal criteria in theme of occupational diseases, coming to the conclusion that, for the diagnosis of chronic intoxications, it is difficult to recognise cause-effect relationship in industrial toxicology due to: poor knowledge of toxic action mechanism, incomplete information on metabolic-dysfunctions and last, the frequent interference of non occupational factors which are not always easy to identify.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗

PubMed1987

Endocrine function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A review.

Endocrine and metabolic disturbances found in patients with ALS are reviewed. Pancreatic function, carbohydrate tolerance, calcium metabolism, testicular and ovarian thyroid and pituitary function are discussed. It is difficult to interpret these various metabolic dysfunctions as being either an epiphenomenon of ALS or possibly a clue to etiology of the disease. The data are reviewed and interpreted with these constraints.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗

PubMed1987

Current practices and improved recommendations for treating hereditary fructose intolerance.

A study of treatment practices of pediatric centers managing hereditary fructose intolerance and a review of recent literature on this subject were undertaken in an attempt to establish the degree of dietary liberalization allowable with age and the acceptability of foods containing trace amounts of fructose. The information was needed to plan optimal therapy and thus avoid the consequences of the disorder, namely intestinal dysfunction, metabolic imbalance, and hepatic and renal damage. Fifty responses to 113 letters to centers in Canada and the United States, as well as data from The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, identified only 29 affected children and provided information on their care, including food lists and literature references. Major principles of treatment were similar, but the approach to allowing and quantifying dietary fructose differed. In response to the apparent need for standardization of treatment, the authors formulated improved recommendations for the control of dietary fructose (less than 1.5 gm/day). Only a few foods of vegetable origin are allowed, including a limited selection of vegetables and cereal products from grain endosperm. Repeated dietary counseling is advocated with regard to allowed foods, sweeteners, and medications to ensure long-term dietary compliance.

Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗

PubMed1984

Brain gastrin/CCK immunoreactivity in sand rat (Psammomys obesus): decrease of number of positive neurons in diabetic animals.

Gastrin/CCK immunoreactivity appears to be widely distributed throughout the mammalian CNS, being most abundant in the cerebral cortex [Vanderhaeghen et al. 1975; Straus et al. 1977; Beinfeld et al. 1981]. Besides its putative role as a co-transmitter in dopaminergic neurotransmission [Hökfelt et al. 1980], cholecystokinin is apparently involved in the central regulation of appetite and satiety [Gibbs et al. 1973; Antin et al. 1975; Parret and Batt 1980; Smith 1980; Smith and Gibbs 1981] Furthermore, it has been shown that the brain concentration of the peptide is decreased in genetically obese mice as compared to non-obese animals [Strauss and Yalow 1979]. The sand rat (Psammomys obesus) is a desert rodent which tends to become diabetic when it is fed with normocaloric diet and restricted in movement [Haines et al. 1965; Hahn et al. 1971]. However, the usefulness of this animal as a paradigm of diabetes is now being revised, since because in its typical expression this metabolic dysfunction appears to be an obesity syndrome [Rice and Robertson 1980]. Therefore, it seems to be necessary to study the distribution of gastrin/CCK-immunoreactive nerve cells in the brain of normal and diabetic (obese) sand rats to get further information about mechanism underlying the development of this form of diabetes.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Absence of evidence of myocarditis in endomyocardial biopsy specimens from patients with dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy.

This study aimed: to assess the clinical value of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) in 76 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); to look for residual evidence of myocarditis, especially in patients in whom EMB was undertaken shortly after the onset of cardiac symptoms; to identify ultrastructural changes which may indicate the cause of DCM; and to see if the observed ultrastructural alterations correlated with duration of symptoms, left ventricular ejection fraction and the ratio of left ventricular wall thickness to chamber diameter. Biopsy diagnosis of DCM was possible with adequate exclusive clinical data combined with evidence of myofibre hypertrophy and exclusion of other morphologically detectable causes of cardiac hypertrophy and dilatation, e.g. myocarditis. The ultrastructural features did not correlate with duration of symptoms, ejection fractions or ratio of left ventricular wall thickness to chamber diameter. The lack of evidence of myocarditis in EMB specimens from our DCM patients, including those with a short history, suggests that myocarditis is an uncommon cause of DCM. Only a quarter of the biopsy specimens showed fibrosis and the ultrastructural features were those of hypertrophy. Degenerative changes were present in varying percentages of the specimens examined (e.g. myofilament loss in 64%). This study suggests that conditions other than myocarditis should be considered as causes of DCM--such causes (e.g. metabolic dysfunction) may be potentially reversible if recognized and treated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Surgical implications of the retropharyngeal space.

The retropharyngeal space involves the entire length of the posterior aspect of the neck, extending from the base of the skull to the level of T1, T2 in the superior mediastinum. This space lies between the buccopharyngeal fascia anteriorly and the prevertebral fascia posteriorly. This paper details the normal anatomy of the area, and describes important modalities in evaluation of the retropharyngeal space, including physical exam, special x-ray procedures, and surgical approach. The pathology found in the retropharyngeal space covers a broad spectrum of entities including infection, neoplasms, metabolic dysfunction, trauma, and lymphadenopathy. Certain conditions are age related and many are manifestations of associated conditions or sequelae of therapy for unrelated problems. An example of retroperitoneal pathology in the form of life-threatening (secondary to airway obstruction) hematoma is presented. This case history details the prudent evaluation of the problem and our surgical approach to management of retropharyngeal hematoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

[Selective thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: evaluation of functional result by metabolic studies and perfusion imaging (author's transl)].

The effects of selective thrombolysis with intra-coronary streptokinase in regard to myocardial protection are still debated. In 25 patients with acute myocardial infarction we evaluated regional metabolism with 123 radio-iodinated heptadecanoic acid and segmental 201 thallium scintigraphy in the distribution of the recanalized coronary vessel. Lysis was successful in 11/16 occlusions of LAD-, 4/7 RCA- and 1/2 CX-vessels. In this group (A) the average defect size on TI-scintigrams was 19 +/- 6% 24 hours after the intervention, whereas unsuccessful recanalisation (group B) resulted in a defect size of 38 +/- 7% (p less than 0.01). There was good concordance between thallium defect size and fatty acid metabolism in group B. However, in group A 6 of 11 patients showed significantly smaller fatty aid accumulation than the thallium defect size reflected. These data suggest that successful reperfusion does result in protection of myocardium in the majority of infarct patients reflected in the smaller TI infarct size. Successful reperfusion, however, does not always immediately restore metabolic dysfunction. This discrepancy will have to be analyzed by further follow-up studies of these patients.

Coronary Vessels↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The gastric bypass procedure in the treatment of morbid obesity.

Gastric bypass is an effective surgical procedure in the treatment of extreme obesity. A small gastric reservoir and a narrow anastomosis are combined to limit food intake. In patients with a mean weight of 94% above the Broca value, the normal weight is reached within 18 months after the operation. Failure to lose weight can be caused by technical errors during operation or by a continuous food intake after operation. Surgical complications are rare. The operative mortality is less than 1% and anastomotic ulcers occur in only 2% of cases. Unlike jejunoileal bypass, it causes no metabolic dysfunction.

Body Weight↗

PubMed1980

Acute pancreatitis in Reye's syndrome: a fatal complication during intensive supportive care.

Acute pancreatitis was an unexpected complication during the course of intensive supportive management in five patients with Reye's syndrome. Four of the five patients died and one survived with transient neurologic deficits. Although corticosteroid therapy, fluid restriction, and hypothermia may have contributed to the development of this complication, acute pancreatitis may represent a severe manifestation of visceral metabolic dysfunction in Reye's syndrome.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1994

[Corneal pseudo-dystrophic complication caused by contact lenses].

The authors report the cases of two patients suffering of a rare long-term complication of contact lens wearing. Both patients wore daily soft contact lens for 5 and 8 years respectively. They presented with bilateral central predescemetic avascular haze associated with mild corneal stromal edema, descemetic folds in one patient and polymegethism on endothelial specular microscopic examination. The vision impairment was severe, unilateral in one patient and bilateral in the other. More than one year after removal of the contact lenses, only one patient fully recovered her initial visual acuity. The mechanisms of the onset of this corneal pseudo-dystrophy are discussed. Hypoxia and acidosis of the cornea induced by the contact lens are most probably responsible for this complication through endothelial metabolic dysfunction.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Mice treated with a leumedin or antibody to Mac-1 to inhibit leukocyte sequestration survive endotoxin challenge.

Endotoxin challenge causes metabolic dysfunction mediated by TNF, and sequestration of leukocytes. NPC 15669, N-carboxy-L-leucine, N-[2,7-dimethylfluoren-9-yl)methyl] ester, inhibits leukocyte recruitment into inflammatory lesions in animals, and inhibits endotoxin-induced neutropenia and lymphopenia in mice. This study was carried out to determine whether the ability of NPC 15669 to inhibit leukocyte sequestration is sufficient to promote survival after endotoxin challenge. To inhibit leukocyte sequestration directly, mice were treated with anti-CD11a (LFA-1) or anti-CD11b (Mac-1) before endotoxin challenge. Anti-CD11b partly inhibited neutropenia and lymphopenia in response to challenge with LPS, but anti--CD11a had little effect on leukopenia. At doses of 100 and 1000 micrograms/kg, anti-CD11b increased survival to endotoxin challenge from 0 to 20 and 40%, respectively, whereas anti-CD11a was without effect. These observations, coupled with the finding that NPC 15669 does not inhibit endotoxin-induced TNF release suggest that inhibition of leukocyte sequestration can increase survival after endotoxin challenge, and that NPC 15669 or antibodies to Mac-1 may represent effective therapies for gram-negative sepsis and shock.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗

PubMed1995

[Breakfast habits in moderately obese adults and its effect on daily energy and nutrient intake, on alcohol consumption and on various clinical and anthropometric parameters].

It is widely held that obesity may be due to alterations in the total caloric intake, the distribution of nutrient intake and the number of meals; widely spaced out meals of large proportions may be associated with metabolic dysfunctions. An observational study was performed in a random sample (80 males and 183 females) of moderately obese adults (IMC > 30 and < 40) attending the dietary unit of our hospital to evaluate spontaneous breakfast eating habits (understood as caloric contribution > 10% of daily caloric intake) in relation to: working activity, region of origin, possible influence on daily intake of energy and nutrients and on common clinical and anthropometric variables (arterial pressure, glycemia, cholesterolemia, triglyceridemia, IMC, WHR). Following the subdivision of patients into breakfast eaters (SC = 26 males, 52 females) and non-breakfast eaters (NC = 54 males and 131 females), no significant differences emerged between sexes with regard to region of origin, working activity, IMC, WHR, total kcal, distribution of nutrients, glycemia, cholesterolemia, triglyceridemia, arterial pressure. The only significant difference between SC and NC concerns alcohol consumption which was inversely correlated to breakfast eating in both males and females (males: r = -0.225, p < 0.05; females: r = -0.157, p < 0.05). No significant differences appear between wine consumers (SE = 29) and abstemious males (NE = 51), except for daily caloric consumption (kcal/die), triglycerides and arterial pressure, which were higher in SE (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.05 respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Death or uncertain cause].

The unclear case of death usually occurs suddenly and unexpectedly, but can mostly be attributed to a underlying disease which was unknown during the life-time of the patient. A reduction of mortality might be achieved by improved preventive measures and early treatment. During the last years, the sleeping apnea syndrome as an example turned out to be a considerable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and accidents. Nevertheless, very many patients exist with an unrecognized sleeping apnea syndrome and are in urgent need of therapy. At first, unclear cases of death in the area of internal medicine can mostly be solved by an autopsy. Autopsy results are demonstrating that only one of three pulmonary embolism has been recognized clinically. The correct diagnosis for an unexpected death in the area of internal medicine could be almost ever found by a more careful differential diagnosis; only a few cases of death remain unclear after optimal diagnostics. At first, one has to think of a pulmonary embolism, cardiac arrhythmias or myocardial ischemia when a sudden death has occurred. Additionally, a pneumothorax, an alimentary bolus or an asthma attack may cause death unexpectedly. Metabolic dysfunctions, poisoning or a ruptured aortic aneurysm are often not recognized as the cause of death if it is not especially looked for.

Asthma↗