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Results for “Nerve Compression Syndromes”

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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Unilateral S-1 root compression syndrome caused by fracture of the sacrum.

Unilateral S-1 nerve root compression after an S-1 sacral fracture was found in an 18-year-old man after a motor vehicle accident. The positive myelogram, myelogram-computed tomogram, and magnetic resonance studies led to surgical intervention. Marked bony callous formation contiguous with the S-1 alar fracture protruded into the canal and was responsible for tethering the S-1 nerve root. A right L-5 hemilaminectomy, an L-4, L-5 and L-5, S-1 medial facetectomy, and foraminotomy facilitated nerve root decompression. Postoperatively, the patient was markedly improved. The authors suggest a more aggressive attitude in the diagnostic, radiographic, and surgical management of sacral fractures now that more specific technical facilities are available to define the precise character of the lesions involved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Microsurgical treatment of the lumbar disk herniation (author's transl)].

Meant by the microsurgical treatment of syndromes of lumbar nerve root compression caused by disk herniation, is the simultaneous use of a microsurgical, monosegmental access, and the execution of the operation by means of the operation microscope. Based on our own experience over more than 3 years, we describe the technique of the microsurgical access, as well as the procedure in 67 cases of lumbar disk herniation. The advantages, but also the risks of this surgical method are mentioned, and the indication for microsurgical treatment of lumbar disk herniations is commented on. Advantages are the reduced trauma of the dorsal musculature, and the improved ability to preserve tissue by use of the microscope with it's excellent illumination and magnification of the operation field. Compared with the conventional method, markedly lesser wound pain, as well as rarer micturitional disturbances, are observed postoperatively. Long term results have only been infrequent up to now. There-fore, the microsurgical treatment of lumbar disk herniation, despite it's undeniable advantages, cannot be viewed as an alternative to the hitherto practiced conventional operating methods. In these methods a magnification technique (telescope glasses), focusable light sources and perfectionized instruments can also enable us to keep the operational access restricted.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Compression of the optic nerves by arteriosclerotic internal carotid arteries. Case report].

The authors describe a case of a 53-year-old woman with recurrent episodes of high-grade amblyopia leading to blindness of the left eye and considerable impairment of the visual acuity of the right eye. Laboratory investigations ruled out presence of a tumour in this area. In view of possible adhesive arachnitis in the region of the chiasma exploratory craniotomy was done finding an evident compression of the visual nerves closely at the optic foramina by the dilated and atherosclerotic internal carotid arteries. The authors review the literature on the problem stressing the rarity of the syndrome.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed2005

What symptoms are truly caused by median nerve compression in carpal tunnel syndrome?

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify the symptoms, signs and distributions which are associated with neurophysiological carpal tunnel syndrome (N-CTS), defined by the finding of a median nerve lesion at the wrist through neurophysiologic studies, and to compare them with those of patients with sensory or motor complaints in the upper limbs whose electrophysiologic investigation did not show evidence of this syndrome. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed, with prospective gathering of data, following a predetermined protocol. We included all patients older than 12 years who were referred for nerve conduction studies and electromyography of at least one of the upper limbs between August 2001 and January 2003. The patients answered a clinicoepidemiologic questionnaire and painted the areas in which they felt pain and those in which they felt paresthesia, and were also examined to test for classical signs CTS. RESULTS: A neurophysiological diagnosis of CTS was reached in 1549 upper limbs (39%). Approximately 6% of the upper limbs with N-CTS and 16% of those without median nerve lesion do not have any hand or wrist symptoms (P<0.001). Paresthesia, pain, hand weakness and cramps were the symptoms statistically associated to N-CTS, with paresthesia being the one with the greatest power of association. This is usually felt in median innervation's territory, and is frequently extended to the whole hand, but without association with N-CTS when felt in proximal region. CONCLUSIONS: One concludes that the most characteristic manifestation of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is paresthesia. Pain also occurs very frequently but it is less specific, and weakness, meanwhile, seems to have a low frequency. We believe that the variability in the clinical presentation of CTS is largely due to the presence of associated diseases and our results provide information which could help to better define the clinical criteria used in the diagnosis of this syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Compressive neuropathy as a complication of anticoagulant therapy.

Three cases of compressive neuropathy after anticoagulant therapy are reported. The first known description of ulnar and radial nerve involvement in this syndrome is provided. A review of the literature along with a discussion of some of the clinical features, the diagnosis, and the management of this entity are presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Cyclist's palsy: Neurological and EMG study in 4 cases with distal ulnar lesions .

Four cases of cyclist's palsy -- a distal compression syndrome of the ulnar nerve which can develop after long cycling tours -- are described. In two patients extensive neurological and electromyographic (EMG) studies were performed in order to document the degree and time course of recovery of the motor and sensory deficiencies. In contrast to either EMG-studies it could be demonstrated that not only the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve is involved, but also that a severe lesion of the superficial branch supplying the skin of the 4th and 5th finger can occur, as indicated by a complete loss of the orthodromic sensory action potential recorded above the ulnar nerve in both cases. The results furthermore show that a functionally significant paresis of the hand muscles can persist for several months. The pathogenesis and some practical implications will be discussed.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2005

[Vestibular paroxysmia: clinical study and treatment of eight patients].

Vestibular paroxysmia is a syndrome of cross-compression of the VIII cranial nerve and was first described by Jannetta who used the term "disabling positional vertigo". This syndrome is characterized by brief attacks of vertigo, tinnitus, vestibular and auditory deficits. MRI may show the VIII nerve compression from vessels in the posterior fossa, such as the basilar, vertebral, anterior-inferior cerebellar or the posterior-inferior cerebellar arteries. Vestibular paroxysmia may be treated either with medical therapy, such as carbamazepine, phenytoin or gabapentin or with the microvascular decompression of the VIII nerve. This study describes eight patients with vestibular paroxysmia. Four of them showed also clinical signs suggesting cross-compression of the V and/or VII nerve. Seven patients treated with carbamazepine had significant improvement of vertigo and tinnitus.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Complete replacement of the peroneus longus muscle by a ganglion with compression of the peroneal nerve: a case report.

In a 38-year-old woman, the entire muscle belly of the peroneus longus was replaced by a ganglion. Signs of peroneal nerve dysfunction resulted from direct pressure of the ganglion. Excision of the ganglion required a tenodesis of the peroneus longus tendon to provide a normal gait pattern which was maintained during a 17 month follow-up period. This entity needs careful, prompt evaluation to avoid neurological damage and to distinguish it from compartment syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pneumosinus dilatans as the aetiology of progressive bilateral blindness.

Pneumosinus Dilatans is a rare condition of the craniofacial skeleton which was diagnosed in an adolescent male who presented with progressive bilateral blindness and many features of osteodysplasty (Melnick-Needles Syndrome). The clinical course and unusual pathology of this case which included the compression of both optic nerves within long tubes of bone are described, together with the surgical intervention performed to arrest the patient's loss of vision.

Adolescent↗