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PubMed1976

[Vital microscopic investigation of terminal blood vessels in patients with diabetes mellitus].

It is reported on findings of vital-microscopic investigations at the terminal vascular system of the conjunctiva bulbi and the mucous membrane of the lips carried out on 50 juvenile diabetics and 50 test persons of the same age. By quantitative establishment of the morphological and functional changes of the vessels and the aggregation of the erythrocytes in the different regions of the terminal vascular system we succeeded in delimitating all 50 diabetes as individuum or as collective (x equals 10.7 +/- 1.5) from the test persons (x equals 3.4 +/- 0.9) by means of a point system (p less than 0.001). In 4 figures typical vascular findings are demonstrated. No pathognomonic significance was ascribed to the individual vascular findings. The morphological and functional changes of the vascular wall are regarded as an expression of fundamental reactive possibilities of the vessels of the terminal vascular system after influence of different factors of risk. As criteria of the findings were used: venular sacculations, meander-like forms, convolutions, haemorrhages, aneurysms, reticular structures, varieties of calibres, changed arteriolarvenular relations of the inner diameter of the vessels, constant proof of aggregates of erythrocytes with temporary standstill of the flow in the different parts of the terminal vascular system. The author is of the opinion that with simultanuous establishment of the morphological and functional changes of wall of the vessel and content of the vessel degenerative changes in diabetes mellitus are provable earlier than at the eye-ground by means of ophthalmocoscopy when only morphological findings are established. The reciprocities between the vascular changes and the rheological properties of the blood are described.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Influence of age and sex on anal sphincters: manometric evaluation of anorectal continence.

To investigate the exact nature of anorectal continence, a manometric evaluation was performed in 88 healthy test persons with a two-balloon catheter. The pressure in the anal canal (PAC) and the rectal ampulla at rest (PAR), the maximum squeeze pressure (PAC max) and pressure rise in the anal canal after dilatation of the rectal ampulla delta PAC) were evaluated separately for men and women, and the test persons were divided into 3 age groups (group I: under 40 years, group II: 40-60 years, group III: over 60 years). PAC showed a statistically significant difference between men and women and a constant decrease with age--statistically significant for men and for women between groups II and III--whereas the statistical significance of the 3 other values had to be restricted to a constant decrease with advance in years. Anorectal continence is characterized by a PAC at rest of over 40 mm Hg, a PAC max reaching at least 80 mm Hg, a pressure gradient between rectal ampulla and anal canal of over 20 mm Hg and a delta PAC of more than 10 mm Hg. These values as well as the differences depending on age and sex should be kept in mind for the evaluation of the continence function.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

[Effect of the beta-receptor blockers propranolol and talinolol on glucose-orciprenaline induced insulin secretion, glucose tolerance and the behavior of nonesterified free fatty acids in metabolically normal probands].

With the help of a special clinico-pharmacological test arrangement on 5 test persons with healthy metabolism was proved that the oral treatment with the selective beta 1-blocker Cordanum (Talinolol, 0.3 g/die) and with the non-selective beta 1-beta 2-blocker Obsidan (Propranolol, 0.12 g/die) leads to a complete suppression of the insulin secretion which can be additionally mobilised via beta 2-adrenoreceptors in test persons with healthy metabolism. In contrast to Talinolol under the treatment ith the unspecific beta-blocker Propranolol a clear blocking of the beta 2-mediated glycogenolysis which can be evoked with the help of Orciprenalin and of the lipolysis evocable via beta 1-receptors was observed. Due to the more insignificant metabolic side-effects, with regard to an intact energy supply and the maintainance of the physical functional capacity, the selective beta 1-blocker Talinolol is preferred in the long-term therapy of cardiovascular diseases.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗

PubMed2005

Circulatory galanin levels increase severalfold with intense orthostatic challenge in healthy humans.

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that plasma galanin concentration (pGal) is regularly increased in healthy humans with extensive orthostatic stress. Twenty-six test persons (14 men, 12 women) were brought to an orthostatic end point via a progressive cardiovascular stress (PCS) protocol consisting of 70 degrees head-up tilt plus increasing levels of lower body negative pressure until either hemodynamically defined presyncope or other signs of orthostatic intolerance occurred (nausea, clammy skin, excessive sweating, pallor of the skin). We further tested for possible gender, gravitational, and muscular training influences on plasma pGal responses: PCS was applied before and after 3 wk of daily vertical acceleration exposure training on a Human Powered Centrifuge. Test persons were randomly assigned to active (with bicycle work) or passive (without work) groups (seven men, six women in each group). Resting pGal was 26+/-3 pg/ml in men and 39+/-15 pg/ml in women (not significant); women had higher galanin responses (4.9-fold increase) than men (3.5-fold, P=0.017) to PCS exposure. Overall, PCS increased pGal to 186+/-5 pg/ml (P=0.0003), without significant differences between presyncope vs. orthostatic intolerance, pre- vs. postcentrifuge, or active vs. passive gravitational training. Increases in pGal were poorly related to synchronous elevations in plasma vasopressin. We conclude that galanin is regularly increased in healthy humans under conditions of presyncopal orthostatic stress, the response being independent of gravity training but larger in women than in men.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

The soreness and numbness effect of acupuncture on skin blood flow.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the De-Qi sensations of acupuncture (sourness-distension and distension-numbness) stimulation. Fifty-two healthy medical student volunteers were given acupuncture at the Hoku (LI-4) acupoint as they were resting. During a test that lasted 30 minutes, their skin blood flow was measured at the Quchi (LI-11) acupoint and their palm temperature was measured. Our results indicated that acupuncture increased blood flow when the De-Qi sensation occurred. If the needle was twirled a few minutes thereafter and the De-Qi feeling again occurred, the same blood flow increase was seen again. If the needle was not twirled, but the test person felt soreness, numbness and heat sensation within a few minutes after needle insertion, the same blood flow increase was also seen. After acupuncture, Quchi did not show continuous increase of blood flow as did Hoku. Hoku acupuncture also increased palm temperature suggesting that the blood flow increased from cutaneous vessel vasodilation. In conclusion, when the test person felt the sore and numb De-Qi sensation, there was an increase of blood flow at the acupuncture points. Thus, our results suggest that increased flow may be one of the mechanisms accounting for meridian system responses during acupuncture.

Acupuncture Points↗

PubMed2000

[Axillary temperature compared to tympanic membrane temperature in children].

The purpose of the study was to measure the axillary temperature at three, six and nine minutes in a hundred children between the ages of one and twelve years who were selected in a non-random deliberate way, and to compare the measurements with the tympanic membrane temperature (golden standard) which was measured in the test persons at the same time. The results were described by sensitivity, specificity, limits of agreement, and predictive values. From some of the findings of the research it is apparent that the axillary temperature reading increased after measurement of three, six and nine minutes. A maximum temperature reading was reached after three minutes in only 9% of the test persons, in 25% after six minutes and in 66% after nine minutes. From the findings it is clear that the ranges that were used influenced the sensitivity of the measurements, and it would appear that the range 35.5 degrees C to 37.2 degrees C was the best range to measure pyrexia in the age group one to 12 years. The 9-minute measurement then had the highest sensitivity. However, the specificity of measurement in this range was lower. The conclusion was drawn that axillary temperature measurement is an acceptable method, with certain reservations, to use as screening method for pyrexia in emergency divisions or clinics.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1977

[Significance of isoenzymes for the prognostic evaluation of acute hepatitis--studies under load].

100 patients who got over a virus hepatitis underwent a bicycle ergometry. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment as well as 24 hours after this the isoenzymes of aldolase, GOT and LDH in the plasma were determined by means of kinetic methods. On the basis of the activities of the isoenzymes for the test persons (children and adults of either sex) an arrangement in the groups pathologic--suspicious--normal can be carried out which is compared with the physiologic parameters and the clinic. The results of bicycle ergometry much differ. High effects without pathological changes of the activities of isoenzymes are an objective criterion of the quick, riskless rehabilitation of the test persons.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1996

HIV infection and AIDS in China, 1985 through 1994.

OBJECTIVES: This paper analyzes data on the distribution of and risk factors for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in China. METHODS: Ten years of data on persons tested for HIV infection and AIDS and the proportion who tested positive were analyzed against the background of China's population count. The Chinese- and English-language literature on HIV and AIDS from 1985 through 1995 was also reviewed. RESULTS: Overall, more males than females had HIV infection. Intravenous drug use was the primary source of transmission, followed by heterosexual contacts. Only a small number of the persons tested were homosexual, but their proportion of HIV seropositivity ranked third to that of drug users; that of general hospital patients ranked fourth. CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection and AIDS in China began as a highly regionalized and largely rural problem in Yunnan Province. However, HIV infection and AIDS have become an emerging urban problem. HIV seropositivity is low among several groups thought to have an elevated risk.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1981

[Maintenance of a steady level of vigilance during the electronystagmographic investigation (author's transl)].

During electronystagmography (ENG) a magnetic tape is used and with it simple arithmetical problems including the solutions are presented in time intervals of 15 seconds, the solutions being correct or incorrect in a random succession. The test person holds a simple electric bell in this hand having been instructed to press the bell-button once or twice, depending whether the announced solution is correct or not. During the recording of the ENG these signals are made visible as rectangular impulses on a separate trace, thus allowing control over the degree of cooperation of the test person. To prove the value of the described procedure 20 normal persons were investigated after sleep deprivation of one night with and without presentation of arithmetical problems, both investigations changing alternately. The evaluation of the parameters of ENG clearly demonstrates a significant difference in both experimental procedure, particularly in respect of frequency and angular velocity at the slow nystagmus phase. The described method has not only proved valuable for increasing vigilance but also not for maintaining a steady level of vigilance during the electronystagmographic investigation.

Arousal↗

PubMed1994

Photogrammetric accuracy measurements of head holder systems used for fractionated radiotherapy.

PURPOSE: We describe how stereo photogrammetry can be used to determine immobilization and repositioning accuracies of head holder systems used for fractionated radiotherapy of intracranial lesions. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The apparatus consists of two video cameras controlled by a personal computer and a bite block based landmark system. Position and spatial orientation of the landmarks are monitored by the cameras and processed for the real-time calculation of a target point's actual position relative to its initializing position. The target's position is assumed to be invariant with respect to the landmark system. We performed two series of 30 correlated head motion measurements on two test persons. One of the series was done with a thermoplastic device, the other one with a cast device developed for stereotactic treatment at the German Cancer Research Center. Immobilization and repositioning accuracies were determined with respect to a target point situated near the base of the skull. The repositioning accuracies were described in terms of the distributions of the mean displacements of the single motion measurements. RESULTS: Movements of the target in the order of 0.05 mm caused by breathing could be detected with a maximum resolution in time of 12 ms. The data derived from the investigation of the two test persons indicated similar immobilization accuracies for the two devices, but the repositioning errors were larger for the thermoplastic device than for the cast device. Apart from this, we found that for the thermoplastic mask the lateral repositioning error depended on the order in which the mask was closed. CONCLUSION: The photogrammetric apparatus is a versatile tool for accuracy measurements of head holder devices used for fractionated radiotherapy.

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗

PubMed1986

On cantilever loading of vital and non-vital teeth. An experimental clinical study.

Three healthy subjects with neighboring or contralateral vital and root-filled teeth requiring crown therapy were selected as test persons. All teeth had optimal alveolar bone support. The root-filled teeth were furnished with individual cast posts and cores, and veneer crowns were made on both the vital and non-vital teeth. Buccal extension bars were then soldered to the occlusal surfaces of these crowns, and weights were applied in different positions along the bars until the test persons experienced pain. The experiments were repeated under local anesthesia. The results showed that non-vital teeth had mean pain threshold levels that, on cantilever loading, were more than twice as high as those of their neighboring or contralateral vital teeth. The positions of the centers of rotational deformations of the loaded teeth, which were assumed to be mainly rotational, were calculated and found to be located inside the peripheries of the crowns for the vital teeth but extracoronally in markedly more peripheral positions for the non-vital teeth.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Arteriosclerosis and blood lipids].

In our examinations of the new-born and their parents, of the patients with coronary heart disease and their relations, of the healthy test persons of different age and of the families of the long-lived persons we have found that in the atherogenesis genetic factors and blood lipids play a great part. In future it is perhaps possible already early to recognize in children a genetically conditioned hyperlipoproteinaemia, all the more since in the patients with hereditary load was to be observed a clear increase of the indices of lipid metabolism in comparison to the healthy test persons. Furthermore, a connection between a hyperlipoproteinaemia and the AB0 blood groups was stated. A combination of the hyperlipoproteinaemia of type IIb with the blood group A in new-born and in patients after myocardial infarction belongs to the most important risk factors for the atherogenesis. On account of these findings it is possible to establish a hyperlipoproteinaemia in childhood in children with hereditary load, which gives the possibility by means of normalization of the lipids to perform an early prophylaxis of the arteriosclerosis. The examination of the long-lived persons showed that the arteriosclerosis is not certainly an accompanying appearance of old age, for the autopsies of persons 100 years of age and more did not show any arteriosclerotic changes of the vessels.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed1991

Trace element intake (zinc, manganese, copper, molybdenum, iodine and nickel) of humans in Thuringia and Brandenburg of the Fed. Rep. of Germany.

The daily dry matter intake of 56 test persons between 20 and 60 years of age from four geographic groups (Wusterhausen and Vetschau in Brandenburg; Jena and Bad Langensalza in Thuringia) was registered on 7 consecutive days by means of the duplicate method. The Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, I and Ni content of food and beverage dry matter and the daily intake of these trace elements were determined. During the test period, the ration contained 24-29 mg zinc, 6.8-9.2 mg manganese, 1.9-2.6 mg copper, 0.17-0.22 mg molybdenum, 0.10-0.18 mg iodine and 0.36-0.68 mg nickel per kg dry matter. The adults consumed 6.7-11.0 mg zinc, 2.0-3.8 mg manganese, 0.54-0.92 mg copper, 47-89 micrograms molybdenum, 30-67 micrograms iodine and 111-256 micrograms nickel per day. The living area had an effect on the Mn, I and Ni intake. The higher dry matter intake resulted in a better trace element supply of male test persons. The copper, molybdenum and iodine requirement recommended by the WHO was not met.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Psychosomatic aspects of healthy young women with orthostatic dysregulation.

The Japanese Edition of the Cornell Medical Index-Health Questionnaire and the Yatabe-Guilford personality test (Y-G Test) was given to 56 young women (mean age 19.2 years) who were identified as having orthostatic dysregulation among a total of 280 healthy young women. The percentage classed as types III (possible neurotic) and IV (probable neurotic) according to the Health Questionnaire was 37.5% in the 56 with orthostatic dysregulation and 9.2% in the controls (n = 65). The percentage classed as types B and E, suggestive of emotional or psychological disturbance according to the personality test, was 59.0% in those with orthostatic dysregulation and 23.1% in the controls. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation (P < 0.01) between the two test results for the frequency distribution of the 280 women. These results suggest a possibility that psychosomatic factors influence the occurrence of orthostatic dysregulation in young women, even if these subjects have not sought treatment for dizziness or vertigo, nor for psychosomatic disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

[Phagocytosis in patients with chronic pyelonephritis].

In 30 patients with a non-obstructive chronic pyelonephritis and two to three clinically manifest urinary tract infections per year as well as in 50 healthy test persons we determined the rate of phagocytosis and the index of phagocytosis of neutrophil granulocytes in absence of serum with Candida albicans and latex particles in double disposition. The mean values of the phagocytosis rate und phagocytosis index of the patients were significantly decreased both for Candida albicans with 40.80% and 1.29 and for latex particles with 67.80% and 2.33 compared with healthy test persons with 54.24% and 1.69 and 86.54% and 3.51, respectively, disturbances of the cell metabolism of the neutrophil granulocytes with an impairment of the function of the cell membrane were discussed as cause of the reduced effect of phagocytosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

The relationship between psychosomatic factors and orthostatic dysregulation in young men.

We carried out a questionnaire survey regarding symptoms of orthostatic dysregulation and administered the Japanese Edition of the Cornell Medical Index-Health Questionnaire (JCMI) and the Yatabe-Guilford Personality Test (Y-G test) to 151 male medical students (mean age, 24.6 yr). Orthostatic dysregulation was identified in 19 (12.5%) of the subjects based on the questionnaire results. The percentage classed as types III (possible neurotic) and IV (probable neurotic) according to the health questionnaire was 47.3% in the 19 with orthostatic dysregulation and 8.9% in the controls (n = 78). The percentage classed as types B and E, suggestive of emotional or psychological disturbance according to the personality test, was 42.1% in those with orthostatic dysregulation and 8.9% in the controls. These differences were significant (P < 0.01). These results suggest that psychosomatic factors influence the occurrence of orthostatic dysregulation in young men.

Abdominal Pain↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Levels of anti-Legionella antibodies in a healthy Neapolitan population].

Legionella pneumophila was firstly recognized as the causative agent of a serious pneumonia about a decade ago. Since then a number of studies was carried out in order to define the epidemiological and clinical features of the microorganism. So far a high variability of the geographic distribution of the infection has been reported, with prevalences up to 50% of healthy populations. Therefore, a seroepidemiological survey was carried out on prevalence of Legionella pneumophila infections among healthy people in Naples. 562 serum specimens were randomly collected and examined by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique for antibodies against serogroups 1 to 6 of Legionella pneumophila, using 1:256 as the cut off titer. An overall prevalence of 23% was observed among the 562 persons tested. 24.5% among males and 21.9% among females had antibodies against Legionella pneumophila. There were no significant differences associated with sex and age, even though an apparent increase with age was observed. The highest prevalence was found for antibodies against serogroup 3 (9.4%). This finding was confirmed in all the age-sex groups, but among males aging between 21 and 40 years and among elderly people, 12.1% of persons tested had antibodies against only one serogroup of Legionella pneumophila, whilst 5.3%, 3.4% and 2.1% of subjects had antibodies against 2, 3 and 4 serogroups respectively. No serologic cross reactivity of Legionella pneumophila groups was found among seropositivities to different serogroups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

The effect of sugar-free green tea chew candies on the degree of inflammation of the gingiva.

The components of green tea extracts such as catechins and polyphenols gain increasing significance in tumor research and immunology. - The clinical double blind study presented here was aimed at the investigation on how green tea catechins and polyphenols in the form of green tea dragées may influence the inflammatory behaviour of the gingiva. A total of 47 test persons with a mean age of 25.76 years (23 males, 24 females) were randomly divided into two groups: one group (n = 22: 11 males, 11 females) received chew candies containing green tea extracts, the other group (n = 25: 12 males, 13 females) received placebos with the same flavour but without active substances. At the beginning of the four week investigation period, a professional dental cleaning was carried out on all test persons. Then the persons were instructed to do their usual dental cleaning and chew eight candies distributed over the day. The API (approximal plaque index) and the SBI (sulcus bleeding index) were determined after seven days (API-1, SBI-1) and after another 21 days (API-2, SBI-2). Within the verum group, a mean value of 33.2% +/- 18.3% was determined for API-1, and 29.6% +/- 17.5% for API-2. The mean SBI-1 was 5.9% +/- 7.6%, and 3.6% +/- 5.8% for SBI-2. The clinical data within the placebo group were different: The plaque index values changed from API-1 30.3% +/- 16.3% after one week to API-2 31.8% +/- 17.2% after another three weeks. The values for the inflammatory degree of the gingiva had also changed to the negative: from SBI-1 3.4% +/- 4.1% after seven days to SBI-2 4.7% +/- 6.4% after another 21 days. Whereas in the verum group a distinct improvement in both API and SBI values could be stated, slight worsening of the values were determined for the placebo group. The results indicate that the oral application of green tea catechins and polyphenols might have a positive influence on the inflammatory reaction of periodontal structures.

Adult↗