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Papillomatous lesions intruding into the laryngeal airway were identified in an imported polo pony during a routine neurological examination for partial quadriplegia. Histological examination established a diagnosis of laryngeal besnoitiosis but it is unlikely that the laryngeal parasitism was associated with the cerebellar neuropathy which was also present.
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During an investigation of H. molitrix yearlings from the district of Cottbus in the GDR the myxosporidian Chloromyxum barbi Dogel', 1934 was found in the gallbladder (not recorded before in the GDR). Ch. barbi was found to be a new parasite of the silver carp.
Protozoan encephalomyelitis was diagnosed post mortem in a five-day-old Friesian calf which had shown nervous signs from birth. The lesion was a subacute necrotising multifocal encephalomyelitis associated with protozoan bodies (6 X 6 microns to 16 X 30 microns). Ultrastructurally these bodies corresponded to apicomplexan meronts composed of eight to 89 merozoites which reproduced by internal budding to form paired daughter cells (endodyogeny). The merozoites were indistinguishable from Toxoplasma gondii; they reacted weakly with anti-Sarcocystis species serum and did not cross react with anti-T gondii serum. The generic identity of the sporozoan was not established, but it is unlikely to have been either Sarcocystis species or T gondii.
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A dot-ELISA procedure was developed to detect antibodies against Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Sera from 84 rabbits, 22 dogs, 18 squirrel monkeys and 200 mice were tested by dot-ELISA and most also were tested by immunofluorescence. Comparison of the two tests showed that there was excellent agreement of the results (Kappa values greater than or equal to 0.74) in all four species. Dot-ELISA is a simple, quantitative, rapid alternative to immunofluorescence when large numbers of serum samples must be evaluated.
For the first time in Europe simultaneous occurrence of PKX and Sphaerospora sp. is recorded in Salmo gairdneri. Myxosporidian (?) forms hitherto not described have been observed in the kidney interstitium and the epithelium of the renal tubules, sporadically also in the swimbladder wall and the intestinal wall, besides the typical PKX organism in the kidney interstitium. Sporogonic stages and spores of a Sphaerospora species have been found in the lumen of the renal tubules. Neither the exact identification of the Sphaerospora species has been possible, nor the final proof, whether the luminal form, the hitherto undescribed extraluminal forms and PKX belong to one another.
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Changes in the values of the Shannon H' diversity index as determined for individual hosts (infraassemblage diversity), host samples (sample assemblage diversity), and for species density are reported for an assemblage of 7 parasites in Fundulus zebrinus in the Platte River in Nebraska for a 5-yr period. The parasites were: Myxosoma funduli (gill), Trichodina sp. (gill), Gyrodactylus bulbacanthus (gill), Salsuginus sp. (gill), Gyrodactylus stableri (body surface), and Neascus sp. (= Posthodiplostomum; eyes and body cavity). In addition, relative abundance and equitability are given for each of the study years. Mean infraassemblage diversity, sample assemblage diversity, species density, and equitability were all significantly negatively correlated with river streamflow (measured in cubic feet per second) of the year prior to the sample, but were independent of the concurrent year's streamflow. Over the long term, M. funduli and Trichodina sp. were the most, and G. bulbacanthus was the least, abundant. Species pair prevalence and relative density correlations showed few long-term patterns of co-occurrence or microallopatry. The strongest association was between M. funduli and the Neascus sp. and was attributed to similarities in ecological requirements of intermediate hosts.
Histologic sections and case histories from 23 dogs with proven fatal toxoplasmosis-like illness at the Angell Memorial Animal Hospital were reviewed. Toxoplasma gondii was identified in 13 dogs. A newly identified parasite, Neospora caninum, structurally distinct from T gondii, was found in 10 dogs. The newly discovered organism, belonging to a new genus and new species, formed meronts in many tissues of the dogs, especially the brain and spinal cord. Neospora caninum was located directly in the host cell cytoplasm without a parasitophorous vacuole; it divided by endodyogeny, contained more than 11 rhoptries, and did not react with the anti-T gondii serum in the immunoperoxidase test. Meningoencephalomyelitis and myositis were the main lesions associated with N caninum. Ulcerative and fistulous dermatitis was the major lesion in 1 dog.
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Tritrichomonas foetus antigens were identified, using the serum of an Angus heifer that had been repeatedly immunized with suspensions of 1 X 10(8) organisms in Freund's complete adjuvant. Antibody activity against T foetus was determined by dot-blot analysis, using horse-radish peroxidase-conjugated anti-bovine immunoglobulin to detect bound antibody. The antiserum contained antibodies against surface and flagellar components of live or fixed T foetus, as determined by use of immunofluorescence. The antiserum reacted with approximately 38 proteins in a pool of 55 to 60 components resolvable by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of T foetus extracts.
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The gallbladder of two-yearling carps caught in a lake in the region of Frankfurt-on-Oder was found invaded with Zschokkella sp., which is the first case recorded in the German Democratic Republic.