PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Programming Languages”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Genetic programming over context-free languages with linear constraints for the knapsack problem: first results.

In this paper, we introduce genetic programming over context-free languages with linear constraints for combinatorial optimization, apply this method to several variants of the multidimensional knapsack problem, and discuss its performance relative to Michalewicz's genetic algorithm with penalty functions. With respect to Michalewicz's approach, we demonstrate that genetic programming over context-free languages with linear constraints improves convergence. A final result is that genetic programming over context-free languages with linear constraints is ideally suited to modeling complementarities between items in a knapsack problem: The more complementarities in the problem, the stronger the performance in comparison to its competitors.

Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques↗
PubMed1980

Aphasic patients in a rehabilitation program: scheduling speech and language services.

Eleven 10-item tests from the Porch Index of Communicative Ability (PICA), were administered to 14 aphasic adults participating in a rehabilitation program. Tests were given once in the morning and once in the afternoon. Results indicate that overall communicative functioning was significantly higher for morning assessments, although some individual patients did better in the afternoon. The primary implication of these results is the importance of consistency in scheduling patient contacts when measuring the effects of treatments rendered. Considerations in determining optimum schedules and aiding individual patients in compensating for reduced efficiency due to time of day are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The effects of a community-based literacy program on young children's language and conceptual development.

Effects of a community-based literacy program on 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old children's language and conceptual development were assessed. University students were trained to teach Head Start parents effective methods for reading to their children. Families were randomly assigned to receive 18, 3, or 0 instructional visits. Results indicated that parents in the 18-instructional-visit program increased their participation in appropriate literacy behaviors such as reading to their children, teaching concepts to their children, and using the library, more than parents in the 0-instructional-visit groups. Children in the 18-instructional-visit program showed greater gains in language and conceptual development than children in the 0-instructional-visit group. Few differences were found between children in the 3-visit and 0-instructional-visit groups. Thus, only a high-intensity community-based intervention designed to train parents was effective in increasing emergent literacy in low-income ethnic children.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2000

Soft-testing of industrial control systems programmed in IEC 1131-3 languages.

This paper presents a technique and the means for testing PLC-based control software outside the actual plant environment with the purpose of increasing the confidence level on the compliance of the software to functional and temporal requirements. The need to obtain a high confidence level on the correct software operation arises from the fact that in most of the cases it is quite dangerous and expensive to test unproved PLC operation by linking it with the actual facilities that it is going to control. The proposed technique relies on a combined simulation of the controlled plant and the PLC system and an analysis of the plant responses. The PLC system simulation imitates the way software is executed on a PLC that is programmed in the languages of the IEC1131-3 standard. It is based on the programming model of the IEC standard and analytical formulae for estimating the program runtime. The simulation of the plant is based on a discrete convolution model that is solved at the same rate with the rate determined by the control algorithms. A tool realizing these concepts has been developed and its use in testing the control software of three critical outputs of a distillation column is demonstrated.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1999

Language plus for international graduate students in nursing.

PURPOSE: To provide information about an English-language support program that focuses on the needs of international graduate nursing students. The growing presence of these students coincides with the increasing numbers of universities committed to world health. Crucial social and language competence affect the success and progress of international students in graduate nursing programs. DESIGN: Reviewed literature was 1980 to 1998, in nursing and applied linguistic research including second-language acquisition, phonology, discourse analysis, and language pragmatics to identify social and language phenomena. FINDINGS: Investigators suggest essential elements such as conventions of academic writing, reading comprehension, vocabulary, and pronunciation skills be included in the supportive Language Plus program. CONCLUSIONS: Ongoing development of the Language Plus program can promote collaboration between nurses and linguists and increase the success of international graduate nursing students.

Communication Barriers↗
PubMed2006

Natural language processing and visualization in the molecular imaging domain.

Molecular imaging is at the crossroads of genomic sciences and medical imaging. Information within the molecular imaging literature could be used to link to genomic and imaging information resources and to organize and index images in a way that is potentially useful to researchers. A number of natural language processing (NLP) systems are available to automatically extract information from genomic literature. One existing NLP system, known as BioMedLEE, automatically extracts biological information consisting of biomolecular substances and phenotypic data. This paper focuses on the adaptation, evaluation, and application of BioMedLEE to the molecular imaging domain. In order to adapt BioMedLEE for this domain, we extend an existing molecular imaging terminology and incorporate it into BioMedLEE. BioMedLEE's performance is assessed with a formal evaluation study. The system's performance, measured as recall and precision, is 0.74 (95% CI: [.70-.76]) and 0.70 (95% CI [.63-.76]), respectively. We adapt a JAVA viewer known as PGviewer for the simultaneous visualization of images with NLP extracted information.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of modeling and corrected practice on generative language learning of preschool children.

A simultaneous treatments design was used to compare the effects of modeling and corrected practice on generative language acquisition of six preschool children. New syntactic forms used to describe agent-action and agent-action-object stimuli were taught concurrently. All six children learned both new syntactic forms. However, generative language learning was accomplished more efficiently with corrected practice, irrespective of the number of words or the linguistic complexity of utterance forms. When modeling was not effective initially, instructing two children to start talking like the model resulted in rapid observational learning. It is suggested that descriptive researchers may have prematurely discounted the possible role of corrected practice in the enhancement of language learning. This analog study indicates that corrected practice should provide a more efficient approach for establishing generalized syntactic responding, at least initially, in language intervention programs.

Child Language↗
PubMed1986

An experimental approach to language training in second language acquisition: Focus on negation.

The effect of negation training in a second language on the expression of negation in the native language was investigated. Four-year-old children from bilingual (Spanish/English) homes who showed no expressive or receptive ability in Spanish negation and were either proficient or nonproficient in English negation received Spanish negation training. Children who were proficient in English negation maintained correct responses in English and showed increased correct responses in Spanish following simultaneous training in both languages or in Spanish alone. Children who were nonproficient in English negation demonstrated a decrease in correct English responses following training in Spanish alone; however, children who received training in English and Spanish simultaneously showed increases in correct responses in both languages. These findings suggest that language training programs with children learning a second language should consider the relationship of the two language training conditions (simultaneous vs. independent) with the child's level of native language proficiency.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

A method for vocabulary development and visualization based on medical language processing and XML.

A comprehensive controlled clinical vocabulary is critical to the effectiveness of many automated clinical systems. Vocabulary development and maintenance is an important aspect of a vocabulary, and should be linked to terms physicians actually use. This paper presents a method to help vocabulary builders capture, visualize, and analyze both compositional and quantitative information related to terms physicians use. The method includes several components: an MLP system, a corpus of relevant reports and a visualization tool based on XML and JAVA.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Information technology can enhance quality in regional health delivery.

OBJECTIVES: a) The use of information technology (IT) based solutions for quality health delivery in regional health information networks and the study of the enabling factors for their use in a regional health care network from key classes of users such as the medical personnel and the citizens. b) Identification of potential technologies for usage from all citizens and health providers in a regional environment, in all aspects of everyday life. c) Presentation of a generic user model for reference when developing and assessing IT based health delivery solutions. METHODS: After defining the major questions to be addressed, an overview of tele-health and tele-medicine technologies and solutions currently available shall be presented. Further, a generic user model applied to the use of IT based regional health delivery solutions both for the daily life and home care, and for research and clinical routine purposes are presented. Enabling technologies for integration of different IT modules, medical data processing and management procedures and the wireless application protocol (WAP) technology is discussed. RESULTS: Different levels of user applications are presented such as mobile telephony driven health information monitoring and systems integrating electronic health care records with multimedia medical information management and processing modules. CONCLUSIONS: Although IT solutions are advanced and continue to evolve, still the user acceptance and user friendliness issues are unresolved. Mobile telecommunication solutions however may hold the key for wide scale implementation of IT solutions in regional health information networks and increased quality of health services.

Decision Support Systems, Clinical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical skill-building simulations in cardiology: HeartLab and EkgLab.

HeartLab and EkgLab are two simulation-based programs designed to teach medical students the essentials of the auscultatory cardiac examination and of electrocardiogram interpretation, respectively. The issues considered throughout the development of these projects, namely implementation language selection, program architecture, simulation design, patient models, and the approach to verification, are applicable to the design of any simulation-based system.

Cardiology↗