PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTIONS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Neurologic manifestations of Staphylococcus aureus infections. Analysis of 43 patients.

We present an analysis of the neurologic manifestations of Staphylococcus aureus infections in 43 patients. Half of the infections whose source could be identified were nosocomial. The spectrum of neurological sequelae included meningitis, solitary and multiple intracerebral and epidural abscesses, cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage, acute encephalopathies, subdural empyemas, spinal abscesses, and radicular compression syndromes. In the majority of patients the course was severe and protracted and relapses were frequent. Mortality was high (28%), even with early diagnosis and treatment; diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse, and chronic renal failure were unfavorable prognostic factors. In patients with abscess formation early surgical drainage improved the outcome. However, often treatment was complicated by sequestration at inaccessible foci and secondary dissemination. Combined antibiotic therapy with flucloxacillin and chloramphenicol may be the most successful antibiotic regimen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[A boy diagnosed SLE after Staphylococcus aureus infection over a long period].

We encountered a 13-year-old boy with SLE who showed specific pathophysiology. The affected child was hospitalized because of long-standing cutaneous empyesis considered to be Staphylococcus aureus infection, followed by manifestation of meningoencephalitis-like symptoms. On a close check up, the patient was diagnosed as having SLE complicated with interstitial lupus nephritis and verrucosis of the left ventricle. Besides the findings, the blastogenesis of the patient's lymphocyte was low against stimulation of sac-1 which connects with the Fc portion of lgG, one of the constituent proteins of Staphylococcus. Moreover, anti-phospholipid antibodies turned positive during immunosuppressive therapy and subcutaneous abscess due to Pseudomonas aeruginosae developed concurrently at about the same time, which posed difficulties in the treatment. The affected child had had Staphylococcus aureus infections over a long period of time before diagnosis of SLE and was susceptible to bacterial infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosae during the treatment. The clinical course of this case was considered important in presuming the complex immunologically abnormal condition of SLE in childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Staphylococcus aureus infection of dialysis shunt: absence of synergy with vancomycin and rifampin.

A 69-year-old man with chronic renal failure maintained on twice weekly hemodialysis had infection of the vascular access graft with bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus. Despite serum vancomycin levels that greatly exceeded the mean inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations, he failed to respond and rifampin was added. The bacteremia promptly cleared, but the patient died suddenly eight days later. Autopsy showed an acute arteritis of the graft with intracellular gram-positive organisms; two splenic blood cultures grew S aureus. Although previous investigators have shown that the combination of vancomycin and rifampin may be effective in some cases of S aureus endocarditis this antibiotic combination should not be used routinely unless in vitro synergy is demonstrated.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Risk factors for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in an outbreak of disease among military trainees in San Diego, California, in 2002.

An outbreak of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) skin infections was observed in a population of U.S. military trainees in the summer of 2002. A questionnaire was developed and administered to 206 trainees, 22 of whom had MRSA infections. Factors associated with infection were described by multivariable logistic regression modeling and included having a roommate in training with a prior skin infection (odds ratio [OR] = 3.44) or having a family member or friend who worked in a health care setting (OR = 2.79). Previous antibiotic use, hospitalization, or health problems were not associated with MRSA infection. This outbreak of MRSA skin infections in an otherwise-healthy, well-defined, military population provided an opportunity to describe risk factors for CA-MRSA which may help focus prevention efforts in this and other communities.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in France: emergence of a single clone that produces Panton-Valentine leukocidin.

To characterize the clinical and bacteriologic characteristics of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections, we reviewed 14 cases that were diagnosed in previously healthy patients during an 18-month period in France. Eleven patients had skin or soft-tissue infections. Two patients died of CA-MRSA necrotizing pneumonia. A case of pleurisy occurred in a child who acquired CA-MRSA from his mother, who had a breast abscess. The Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes and the lukE-lukD leukocidin genes were detected in all 14 isolates. The clonal origin of all of the isolates was demonstrated on the basis of their pulsotypes and antibiotic resistance profiles. All isolates had an agr3 allele. The combination of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin determinant (which encodes a virulence factor for primary skin infection and pneumonia) with the mecA gene (which confers antibiotic resistance and epidemicity) appears to have created a superadapted S. aureus strain that is spreading in the community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Protection of BALB/c mice against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection by intraperitoneal administration of nucleoside-nucleotide mixture.

The effect of intraperitoneally administered nucleic acid components (nucleoside-nucleotide mixture) on the recovery from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain 8985N infection was studied in mice. Two experiments were conducted in which BALB/c mice were fed a nucleotide-free 20% casein diet for 30 days. On the 10th day, the mice were inoculated intravenously with viable MRSA organisms. The mice were intraperitoneally administered nucleoside-nucleotide mixture or saline (control) daily from the onset of the experiment (experiment 1) or from the day of inoculation (experiment 2). The survival rate in the nucleoside-nucleotide group in experiment 1 (70%) was significantly higher than that in the saline group (20%) (p < 0.05). In experiment 2, the survival rate in the nucleoside-nucleotide group (55%) tended to be higher than that in the saline group (36%) without statistically significant difference; furthermore, in the surviving mice, the viable MRSA organisms recovered from the spleen and the kidney were fewer in the former group than in the latter group (p < 0.05). The studies showed that the intraperitoneal administration either before or after the MRSA challenge of the nucleoside-nucleotide mixture was effective for the recovery of the mice from the infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Reduction in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection rate in a nursing home by aggressive containment strategies.

For the month of October, 1993, the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial infection rate in our 42-bed Extended Care Unit/Nursing Home was 33% (8.5% for the 1993 year). Our facility was committed to decrease colonization and infection rates and to prevent the introduction of additional colonized patients into the closed environment. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus containment practices were instituted and consisted of total population and staff surveillance, aggressive containment measures and followed by maintenance containment protocols. The aggressive plan included contact isolation, baths with chlorhexagluconate, treatment of nasal carriers with mupiricin and treatment of both colonized and infected patients. This was followed by maintenance measures of screening new admissions for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus with contact isolation and treatment for positive as described during the aggressive phase. Total population surveillance was repeated after one year. Results showed that no employees were colonized with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The initial colonization rate in residents/patients was 52%. After one year the colonization rate dropped to 2% and the infection rate to 1.4%. Molecular epidemiology demonstrated that there was limited acquisition of new strains of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus within the Extended Care Unit. The process was shown to be cost effective. Aggressive containment practices applied to a nursing home with a high Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection rate not only reduced rates of colonization, but also markedly reduced infections. This reduction was maintained over time.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection postoperatory complications and prognosis of patients with lower extremity amputations].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with an increasing morbimortality when compared with other microorganisms. The aim of this study was to examine the complications and prognosis of the presence of MRSA in vascular patients with amputation of lower limbs. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We included patients who had lower extremity amputation in our department in 2004 and displayed positive surgical wounds cultures. We compared patients with MRSA positive cultures with other microrganisms. We evaluated general characteristics, operative indications, surgical wounds microbiology, reamputations, morbimortality and mean time of stay in hospital. RESULTS: 117 patients (median age 73, 68% male) underwent lower extremity amputation. 82 of them had positive cultures and MRSA were isolated in 30% cases. Two two groups were comparable and no statistical differences were found in relation to reamputation rate, morbimortality and mean time of stay in hospital. CONCLUSION: Presence of MRSA does not represent an additional risk of reamputation or an increase of postoperative complications. Careful wound surveillance, through wound debridement and optimal administration of antibiotics must be applied to all patients, regardless of the bacterial flora.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Infective pyomyositis and myositis in children in the era of community-acquired, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection.

BACKGROUND: Cases of pyomyositis and myositis have been increasing in frequency at Texas Children's Hospital (Houston) since 2000. The increase appears to correlate with the emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). METHODS: The medical records of patients with pyomyositis and myositis hospitalized at Texas Children's Hospital during the period from January 2000 through December 2005 were reviewed. Available S. aureus isolates were obtained for susceptibility testing, to determine the presence of pvl (lukS-PV and lukF-PV), and for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. RESULTS: Forty-five previously healthy children with bacterial pyomyositis or myositis were analyzed. The causes were S. aureus (in 57.8% of children) and Streptococcus pyogenes (in 2.2%); 40.0% of children had negative culture results. The number of cases increased between 2000 and 2005, primarily as a result of an increase in the prevalence of community-acquired MRSA. The mean patient age was 5.5 years (range, 0.06-15 years). The thigh (40.0% of children) and pelvis (28.9%) were the most commonly affected sites. The mean abscess diameter was 3.5 cm. Eighteen children required at least 1 muscle drainage procedure. Of the 24 available S. aureus isolates (15 community-acquired MRSA isolates and 9 community-acquired, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus [MSSA] isolates), 16 were found to be USA300 by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and 17 carried pvl. Patients with community-acquired MRSA, USA300, and/or pvl-positive strains required more drainage procedures than did those with community-acquired MSSA, non-USA300, and/or pvl-negative strains (81% vs. 40% [P=.05], 82% vs. 29% [P=.02], and 81% vs. 38% [P=.07], respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Community-acquired MRSA is an increasing cause of pyomyositis and myositis in children. Community-acquired MRSA, USA300, pvl-positive S. aureus isolates caused more severe disease than did community-acquired MSSA, non-USA300, and pvl-negative isolates, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The role of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in respiratory tract infections.

Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Bacteroides sp. (Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Bacteroides oralis, and Bacteroides fragilis), peptostreptococci and fusobacterium sp. are important pathogens in respiratory tract infections (RTI). These organisms are often recovered mixed with other aerobic, facultative and anaerobic bacteria. A recent increase in numbers of bet-lactamase producing strains of anaerobic gram-negative bacteria in RTI has been associated with increased failure rates of penicillins in eradication of these infections. These infections include chronic otitis media, chronic sinusitis and mastoiditis, chronic recurrent tonsillitis and lung abscesses. The indirect pathogenicity of these organisms is apparent through their ability not only to survive penicillin therapy but also to protect penicillin susceptible pathogens from that drug. These direct and indirect virulence characteristics of anaerobic bacteria require the administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy directed against all pathogens in mixed infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Histopathologic response of the bovine mammary gland to experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus infection.

At 2 and 10 days after Staphylococcus aureus mastitis was induced in dairy cattle, mammary tissue from 2 zones in infected quarters was morphometrically compared with similar zones in contralateral control quarters. In comparison with control tissue, infected tissue exhibited more interalveolar stromal area, reduced alveolar luminal area, and more damaged and involuted alveolar epithelial area. These changes appeared more advanced at 10 days than at 2 days after infection was induced, indicating that by day 10, glandular parenchyma was losing secretory potential. Quarter zones differed greatly in the responses to infection. Parenchyma taken from a zone of an infected quarter close to the glandular part of the lactiferous sinus appeared to undergo involution more rapidly than a zone further from the sinus. Involuted parenchyma displayed reduced secretory activity, diminished luminal areas, and abundant connective tissue. A portion of nonsecretory epithelia taken from involuted areas of a zone close to the glandular part of the sinus stained for presence of immunoglobulin A.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Staphylococcus aureus infections in domestic fowls. 1. Ecology and epizootiology. (Review)].

The ecological and epizootiological aspects relating to Staphylococcus aureus in domestic fowl are expounded, on the basis of literature, with particular reference being made to five topics: occurrence of these conditionally pathogenic bacteria in domestic fowl, point of attack and routes of infection, conditions for possible occurrence of infections, reciprocal infection between man and animal, as well as aspects of therapy and prophylaxis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Tracing the origin of an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in a Portuguese hospital by molecular fingerprinting methods.

Seventy-six methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates were collected from July 1992 to May 1995 at a 400-bed district hospital in the northeast of Portugal. During the second half of the surveillance period, in July of 1994, an outbreak was detected in the orthopedic ward. Thirty-three (out of the 76) MRSA strains were recovered only in this ward during the outbreak period. All strains were characterized by a variety of genomic fingerprints. Hybridization of ClaI and SmaI restriction digests with the mecA- and Tn554-specific DNA probes was used to identify polymorphism and determine chromosomal location of these determinants, and pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis of SmaI digests was used to determine chromosomal backgrounds. All strains recovered during the outbreak in the orthopedic ward were found to belong to a single clone that carried the mecA polymorph I, Tn554 type E in a macrorestriction background called H (clone I::E::H1), which was identified in 18 patients, and 5 health care personnel and from a fomite sample, and was traced to a single transfer patient admitted to the hospital at the beginning of the outbreak. The new clone I::E::H1 differed only in the macrorestriction profile from the MRSA clone previously dominant in this hospital, known as Iberian epidemic clone I::E::A, which has already been identified in several Spanish and Portuguese hospitals.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1989

The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in an Israeli hospital.

Between July 1984 and August 1985, 200 cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) occurred in a large, tertiary care, medical school-affiliated hospital. During this period, a limited outbreak, causing serious infections, was identified in the Intensive Care Unit and was contained by appropriate infection control measures. Bacteriophage typing and surveillance cultures failed to identify a common or single source of dissemination of these strains. It appears that MRSA strains have emerged in Israel as endemic pathogens in hospitals, capable of causing serious nosocomial outbreaks.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed2003

Epidemiologic study of intramammary infections with Staphylococcus aureus during a control program in nine commercial dairy herds.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the epidemiologic pattern of intramammary infections (IMIs) with Staphylococcus aureus during implementation of a control program in 9 commercial dairy herds. DESIGN: Cohort study. ANIMALS: 1,651 lactating cows and 53,098 quarter milk samples. PROCEDURES: Nine herds located in different regions of Italy were enrolled. Control of S. aureus infections followed the general principles of contagious mastitis control and was based on precise diagnostic procedures and strict control and segregation of infected cows. All lactating cows in each herd were tested, and those free of S. aureus IMI were enrolled as the cohorts. Further additions to the cohort group were cows and heifers free of S. aureus IMI, as determined from aseptically collected milk samples taken approximately 7 and 14 days after calving. RESULTS: After the ninth month of the program, incidence decreased to < 2 new IMIs/100 cow-months in 7 of the herds. At the end of the study, 8 of 9 herds had an incidence of < or = 1 new IMI/100 cow-months. Heifers were most at risk of developing an IMI. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that control of S. aureus IMIs can be achieved by use of a control program based on segregation and use of hygienic and therapeutic protocols. Analysis of incidence and identification of risk factors in a herd could avoid the possible shortcomings of the program, maximizing the probability of success.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A new serological assay for Staphylococcus aureus infections: detection of IgG antibodies to S. aureus lipase with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Purified Staphylococcus aureus lipase was used as antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detected IgG antibodies in 169 patients with infections due to S. aureus, in 122 patients with infections not due to S. aureus, and in 167 healthy controls. Eighty-eight percent (21 of 24) of the patients with endocarditis due to S. aureus showed a positive level of antibody to lipase or a significant change in antibody titer during the first month, as did 89% (17 of 19) and 28% (5 of 18) of the patients with complicated and uncomplicated septicemia due to S. aureus, respectively. The specificity for S. aureus infections was high; only one patient in the non-S. aureus endocarditis and septicemia groups showed a significant rise in antibody titer, and this rise did not reach a positive antibody level. Patients with recurrent furunculosis or chronic osteomyelitis due to S. aureus responded in only 15% and 23% of cases, respectively. We suggest that the antibody-to-lipase ELISA could be used as a valuable complement to other serological assays in diagnosing serious S. aureus infections because of its high sensitivity and specificity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

An immunogenicity study of a newly fusion protein Cna-FnBP vaccinated against Staphylococcus aureus infections in a mice model.

Adhesins are considered the most important virulence factors during early phase Staphylococcus aureus infection. The present report describes a newly fusion protein, named Cna-FnBP that was constructed by fusion of the fnb and cna genes of S. aureus and expressed in E. coli. The recombinant protein was designed to broaden the function spectrum of block binding activity to S. aureus adhesion. Vaccination of the recombinant protein induced a strong and specific humoral response to Cna-FnBP in mice. In addition, splenocyte proliferation was provoked by in vitro stimulation with recombinant Cna-FnBP, thus, indicating direct implication of these cells in the immune response. These pre-incubated bacteria were phagocytosed by neutrophils at an increased level in vitro in a mouse model. Mice immunized with Cna-FnBP survived significantly longer following the challenge with S. aureus than nonimmunized mice did. These results indicate that Cna-FnBP is a promising vaccine for the prevention of S. aureus infections. Overall, the results suggest that fusion compounds which elicted from ECM-binding proteins (ECMBPs) were used to immunize against adhesins represents a valuable approach to combat S. aureus infections.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗