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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Enhanced susceptibility of mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes to type II group B streptococcal infection.

Since diabetes mellitus predisposes adults to group B streptococcal (GBS) bacteremia, a murine model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and type II GBS bacteremia was developed to assess certain immune factors which might influence susceptibility to infection. In diabetic mice, the 50% lethal dose for two strains of type II GBS was significantly lower (greater than 1 log10 decrease in CFU per milliliter) than in control animals. This enhanced virulence of GBS for diabetic animals was associated with prolonged bacteremia, persistent sequestration of organisms in the splanchnic reticuloendothelial system, and a shift from splenic to hepatic clearance. Although immunization of control and diabetic animals resulted in high concentrations of type-specific serum antibody, it had no effect on late reticuloendothelial system sequestration in diabetics. In contrast, depletion of complement by treatment of mice with cobra venom factor blocked reticuloendothelial system clearance and resulted in fatal infection in both diabetic and control mice. These results indicate that neither type-specific antibody nor an intact complement system is adequate for effective clearance of type II GBS bacteremia in mice with experimentally induced diabetes. This clearance deficit could be the result of a defect in hepatocyte membrane receptors necessary for removal of this encapsulated microorganism.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Group B streptococcal infection presenting as sudden death in infancy.

Two infants aged 3 and 8 months were found dead in their cots. Postmortem cultures yielded group B streptococci from multiple internal sites, and cytomegalovirus was also isolated from the lungs of one. These cases show the value of microbiological culture in the investigation of sudden infant death.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experimental study of Coxsackie-streptococcal infection].

The pathological process due to Coxsackie A18 virus and hemolytic streptococcus infection was studied in adult white mice. Their synergistic effect was established as manifested by longer periods of virus detection in the blood and heart and the detection of the streptococcus in animals infected with an 8-fold lower dose. In cases of combined infection, signs of dystrophy, destruction and proliferation developed in the myocardium reaching the highest intensity when the virus and the microbe had been inoculated simultaneously.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Intramuscular penicillin for the prevention of early onset group B streptococcal infection in newborn infants.

BACKGROUND: Early-onset group B streptococcal disease (EOGBSD) is the most frequent cause of serious infection in the newborn period. Current strategies used to prevent EOGBSD are focused upon maternal antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce transmission of GBS to the infant. Observational studies have suggested that the administration of intramuscular penicillin to the newborn immediately following delivery may be an effective strategy to reduce the incidence of EOGBSD. OBJECTIVES: To determine if the administration of intramuscular penicillin to newborns at birth is a safe and effective method to prevent morbidity and mortality from EOGBSD. SEARCH STRATEGY: The standard search strategy of the Neonatal Review Group was used. This included searches of electronic databases: Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2004), and MEDLINE (1966 - Dec 2003); and previous reviews including cross references, expert informants and journal hand searching in the English language as well as conference and symposia proceedings published in Pediatric Research. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials in which intramuscular penicillin was administered as prophylaxis for EOGBSD within four hours of birth.Outcomes considered were EOGBSD, neonatal mortality, late-onset GBSD, neonatal sepsis, and other secondary outcomes such as neurodevelopmental status and length of hospital stay. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The search for and assessment of trials for inclusion, quality assessment and data extraction were undertaken independently by the reviewers. Meta-analysis was not undertaken as data from only one trial is included in this review. Data were analysed using relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS: One randomised controlled trial was included in this review. In this trial of 1187 infants of birthweight 501 to 2000 grams, there were no significant differences found for the outcomes of EOGBSD (RR 0.73; 95%CI 0.32, 1.62), or neonatal mortality (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.55, 1.11). No other outcomes were able to be assessed. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS: This review does not support the routine use of intramuscular penicillin to prevent EOGBSD in newborn infants. There is a discrepancy between this finding and the results of a number of larger non-randomised trials. Explanations for this are proposed. There is a need for this intervention to be tested as a component of the existing prevention strategies in widespread use.

Humans↗