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PubMedDate not supplied

Software for experimental design: the computer program EXCAD.

A computer program (EXCAD) dedicated to the optimization of experimental designs to estimate parameters of a mathematical model, is presented. EXCAD computes D-optimal designs and sequentially augmented designs. D-optimal designs minimize the determinant of the variance-covariance matrix and parameters, thus obtaining the average most accurate estimate of parameters. D-optimal designs have generally as many support points as the number of parameters in the mathematical model, so sample scheduling is minimal, not extensive. Augmented designs add to an original design the point that maximizes the decrement of the determinant of the variance-covariance matrix. The general model, linearly or not linearly parametrized Y = F(X,P), that relates two independent variables and P parameters to different responses may be written in the program, while a set of prewritten models is provided.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Video-based eye tracking: our experience with Advanced Stimuli Design for Eye Tracking software.

We present an independent, flexible, and easily programmable software program for generating a wide set of visual stimuli paradigms in eye-movement studies. The software, called ASTIDET (Advanced Stimuli Design for Eye Tracking), has been interfaced in real time with a high speed video-based eye tracking system in order to obtain a reliable measurement of saccades. Two saccadic paradigms have been tested (gap and memory guided tasks) in 10 normal subjects. The preliminary results confirm that ASTIDET is a user-friendly software and can be interfaced with a video-based eye-tracking device in order to obtain reliable measurement of saccades.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1989

Distributed computer system for capture, analysis and display of biological data.

A distributed real-time computer system has been developed to automate the collection, analysis and display of biological (pharmacological) data. It comprises a series of laboratory interface devices (CED 1401/1609) connected to a micro-VAX II via multiple IEEE-488 buses. The micro-VAX II is integrated to the main site computers using Ethernet running DECnet. The micro-VAX II system supports a multi-user, multipreparation and multitasking environment and it provides rapid transfer, storage, analysis and display of data. The system saves the pharmacologists from the manual analysis of their data, typically saving them four days of analysis per experiment and has improved both the quality of data detected and their subsequent analysis. Also, the development of a standard data capture procedure on common hardware along with the modular design of application software has almost quartered project development times.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2001

Solving the forward problem in electrical impedance tomography for the human head using IDEAS (integrated design engineering analysis software), a finite element modelling tool.

If electrical impedance tomography is to be used as a clinical tool, the image reconstruction algorithms must yield accurate images of impedance changes. One of the keys to producing an accurate reconstructed image is the inclusion of prior information regarding the physical geometry of the object. To achieve this, many researchers have created tools for solving the forward problem by means of finite element methods (FEMs). These tools are limited, allowing only a set number of meshes to be produced from the geometric information of the object. There is a clear need for geometrical accurate FEM models to improve the quality of the reconstructed images. We present a commercial tool called IDEAS, which can be used to create FEM meshes for these models. The application of this tool is demonstrated by using segmented data from the human head to model impedance changes inside the head.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2003

Solbase: a databank of solutions for occupational hazards and risks.

Several attempts have been made to develop strategies for an effective control of workplace hazards. This paper will focus on the results of a European project called Solbase, which is a databank for solutions to occupational hazards and risks. The Safety Science Group of Delft University of Technology in collaboration with TNO Work and Organisation (formerly NIA-TNO) designed Solbase in a series of projects funded by the Dutch Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment and the European Commission. It consists of the design of and software for a databank with an intelligent navigation system allowing users two principal entry points, which correspond to two basic types of solutions. The first entry point is based on the production process, subdivided into the production principle and production function. This entry point provides the dissemination of solutions within and between branches of industry. The second entry point includes the hazard and its emission and transmission as an access point for more conventional occupational hygiene control measures. With the partners of the consortium, from Spain, Italy, Ireland, Germany, the UK and The Netherlands, 535 new and existing solutions throughout Europe and the world were gathered to test the software and the solutions during a field study. Despite the relatively small number of 'test solutions' used, 54% of the search actions in the field study resulted in a useful and suitable solution which the company could actually put into practice. The companies characterized the software as very user friendly. The reproducibility of the coding system for solutions, the classification tree, was satisfactory. Most coders chose the same keywords from the classification tree to describe a corresponding solution. Solbase is a good searching machine for workplace solutions. Especially, the classification of production processes is an inherent guarantee of an exchange of information across the borders of a specific company or branch of industry.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Wavefront customized ablations with the WASCA Asclepion workstation.

PURPOSE: WASCA (Wavefront Aberration Supported Cornea Ablation) is a method for wavefront-guided ablation. This new method records all existing eye aberrations with the Asclepion Wavefront Aberrometer and calculates the customized pattern for laser correction. We measured the low and high order aberrations of eyes before and after PRK and LASIK, as well as before and after flap creation. METHODS: The Asclepion Shack-Hartmann aberrometer was used to measure wavefront aberrations. Preoperative and postoperative measurements were made following both PRK and LASIK performed with conventional software, modified Aberration-free Profile (AFA) software, and specially designed WASCA software. Surgery was performed with the Meditec MEL-70 G-scan excimer laser. Additionally, measurements were made before and after flap creation only (10 eyes). RESULTS: There was a significant difference between preoperative and 1-month postoperative high order aberrations, with notable increases following conventional PRK and LASIK and less increase following modified AFA PRK and LASIK. Flap creation only changed the higher order aberrations slightly, and caused a shift toward hyperopia. In the eyes that received WASCA correction with PRK or LASIK, at 3 months postoperative the high order aberrations averaged an increase of 1.3 times for PRK and 1.8 times for LASIK. Both the AFA and WASCA treatments demonstrated improved outcomes in comparison to conventional PRK and LASIK. CONCLUSION: Wavefront mapping of the eye and wavefront-guided ablation with the Asclepion Aberrometer can be used for optimizing the results and fine-tuning visual performance after laser vision correction. WASCA PRK appeared to result in better outcomes than WASCA LASIK.

Astigmatism↗
PubMed2000

[Computer-assisted instruction applied to preventive medicine in adolescents: bibliographic analysis and perspectives].

Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) for adolescent health promotion is still underused in France. We analysed the literature on existing systems in terms of current issues, techniques used, efficacy and difficulties experienced. All the authors noted that youth show a great interest in computer-assisted instruction and that they have made progress in their knowledge of health related risks. In some cases, an improvement in behaviours has been seen. CAI has many advantages due to the use of computers and in particular, the interactivity involved. Designers of CAI software for prevention issues must work as a team. Directed by a group of experts, the development of an interactive dialogue must involve youth input, take the adult point of view into consideration, and utilise the expertise of education and communication specialists. The use of computers and the Internet in schools provides great opportunities for developing multimedia health programmes.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The integration of theoretical constructs into the design of computer assisted instruction.

The authors believe that for computer assisted instruction to be an effective instructional tool, it must incorporate the most current theoretical principles related to learning and instruction. To assist future developers of computer assisted instruction, the authors review some of the major constructs from the theoretical foundations of various disciplines and then illustrate the integration of these constructs in the design of a software program entitled SOS--Strategies for Problem Solving.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2003

Oligo Design: a computer program for development of probes for oligonucleotide microarrays.

Oligonucleotide microarrays have demonstrated potential for the analysis of gene expression, genotyping, and mutational analysis. Our work focuses primarily on the detection and identification of bacteria based on known short sequences of DNA. Oligo Design, the software described here, automates several design aspects that enable the improved selection of oligonucleotides for use with microarrays for these applications. Two major features of the program are: (i) a tiling algorithm for the design of short overlapping temperature-matched oligonucleotides of variable length, which are useful for the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms and (ii) a set of tools for the analysis of multiple alignments of gene families and related short DNA sequences, which allow for the identification of conserved DNA sequences for PCR primer selection and variable DNA sequences for the selection of unique probes for identification. Note that the program does not address the full genome perspective but, instead, is focused on the genetic analysis of short segments of DNA. The program is Internet-enabled and includes a built-in browser and the automated ability to download sequences from GenBank by specifying the GI number. The program also includes several utilities, including audio recital of a DNA sequence (useful for verifying sequences against a written document), a random sequence generator that provides insight into the relationship between melting temperature and GC content, and a PCR calculator.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

Intuitive user interfaces (IUI): a CASE starting point for design and programming.

The acceptance of a software product depends to a considerable extent on the user interface. The class of graphic-oriented user interfaces that are called Intuitive User Interfaces (IUI) is described. These interfaces allow the user to learn to operate software programs quickly. In the following the graphical layout put to use in an IUI is elaborated. All images the layout consists of are created with the aid of a paint program. Using these images, a procedure for creating, programming and linking an IUI to software applications is discussed and recommendations are made concerning software and hardware demands for easily creating IUIs. Practical experience of the authors with this procedure, mainly in the medical area, is described.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk management in the design of medical device software systems.

The safety of any medical device system is dependent on the application of a disciplined, well-defined, risk management process throughout the product life cycle. Hardware, software, human, and environmental interactions must be assessed in terms of intended use, risk, and cost/benefit criteria. This article addresses these issues in the context of medical devices that incorporate software. The article explains the principles of risk management, using terminology and examples from the domain of software engineering. It may serve as a guide to those new to the concepts of risk management and as an aide-memoire for medical device system/software engineers who are more familiar with the topic.

Consumer Product Safety↗
PubMed2005

[Development of a portable ambulatory ECG monitor based on embedded microprocessor unit].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a new kind of portable ambulatory ECG monitor. METHOD: The hardware and software were designed based on RCA-CDP1802. New methods of ECG data compression and feature extraction of QRS complexes were applied to software design. A model for automatic arrhythmia analysis was established for real-time ambulatory ECG Data analysis. Compact, low power consumption and low cost were emphasized in the hardware design. RESULT: This compact and light-weight monitor with low power consumption and high intelligence was capable of real-time monitoring arrhythmia for more than 48 h. More than ten types of arrhythmia could be detected, only the compressed abnormal ECG data was recorded and could be transmitted to the host if required. CONCLUSION: The monitor meets the design requirements and can be used for ambulatory ECG monitoring.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed2002

Complexities in ETS-domain transcription factor function and regulation: lessons from the TCF (ternary complex factor) subfamily. The Colworth Medal Lecture.

The ETS-domain transcription factor family can be divided into a series of subfamilies. Elk-1 represents the founding member of the ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily. By focusing on the TCF subfamily, we can demonstrate the complexities that exist in the function and regulation of ETS-domain transcription factors. This article focuses on Elk-1 in detail and summarizes the functions of other TCFs. The key themes covered include the domain structure of the TCFs, the mechanisms of complex formation with serum response factor, regulation of TCFs by mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, and transcriptional regulatory properties of the TCFs. Finally, the emerging role of the TCFs in vivo is discussed. A picture is developing indicating that, while these proteins exhibit significant sequence and functional conservation, key differences in their structure and regulation are being identified which may relate to unique functions of these proteins in vivo.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HyperDesigning: an instructional design model applied to the development of a HyperCard computer assisted instruction on intramuscular injection sites.

As more instructional software is designed by faculty, it becomes increasingly important, as well as time efficient, that faculty approach development of software from an instructional design perspective. Today, faculty can select among emerging technologies, and the future will undoubtedly present even more options. Educators who want to design their own computer assisted instruction (CAI) programs are frequently left to their own devices for instructional design. Instructional design models can provide helpful guidelines for selection and development of relevant programs. This article outlines the development of a faculty-designed software program using the Seels and Glasgow model of instructional design. The Seels and Glasgow model employs the essential components of analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation, and diffusion with iterative intermediary steps.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1988

Improving the fit of press-fit hip stems.

The implant-bone fit is critical to the longevity of press-fit total hips. Maximum contact on the internal cortical bone surface, especially proximally, produces more normal strain values and reduces micromotion and sinkage. Stem design computer software was developed to design both individualized hip stems that maximize implant-bone contact for a unique anatomy, and average anatomic hip stems in which the mean error of fit is minimized for many patients. Cadaver femurs were used to test the following two hypotheses: (1) Average anatomic stems, designed using the optimal-fit software for an average femoral geometry, improve implant-bone fit when compared with standard stems; and (2) Individualized optimal-fit stems provide an even better fit than average anatomic stems. Results showed that the average anatomical stems fit better than the standard stems. However, the individualized hip stems, designed from individual three-dimensional geometry data, fit the best.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Validation of an evaluation routine for left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction and wall motion from gated cardiac FDG PET: a comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

The aim of this study was to validate the estimation of left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes (EDV, ESV) and ejection fraction (LVEF) as well as wall motion analysis from gated fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) using software originally designed for gated single-photon emission tomography (SPET). Thirty patients with severe CAD referred for myocardial viability diagnostics were investigated using a standard FDG PET protocol enhanced with gated acquisition (8 gates per cardiac cycle). EDV, ESV and LVEF were calculated using standard software designed for gated SPET (QGS). Wall motion was analysed using a visual four-point wall motion score on a 17-segment model. As a reference, all patients were also examined within a median of 3 days with cardiovascular cine magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) (20 gates per cardiac cycle). Furthermore, all gated FDG PET data sets were reoriented in a second run with deliberately misaligned axes to test the quantification procedure for robustness. Correlation between the results of gated FDG PET and cMRI was very high for EDV and ESV ( R=0.96 and R=0.97) and for LVEF ( R=0.95). With gated FDG PET, there was a non-significant tendency to underestimate EDV (174+/-61 ml vs 179+/-59 ml, P=0.21) and to overestimate ESV (124+/-58 ml vs 122+/-60 ml, P=0.65), resulting in underestimated LVEF values (31.5%+/-9.4% vs 34.2%+/-12.4%, P<0.003). The results of reorientations 1 and 2 showed very high correlations (for all R>/=0.99). Segmental wall motion analysis revealed good agreement between gated FDG PET data and cMRI (kappa =0.62+/-0.03). In conclusion, despite small systematic differences which contributed mainly to the lower temporal resolution of gated FDG PET, agreement between gated FDG PET and cMRI was good across a wide range of volumes and LVEF values as well as for wall motion analysis. Therefore, gated FDG PET provides clinically relevant information on function and volumes, using the commercially available software package QGS.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

BASS 4: a software system for ergonomic design and evaluation of working hours.

OBJECTIVE: To extend an existing computer programme for the evaluation and design of shift schedules (BASS 3) by integrating workload as well as economic aspects. METHODS: The redesigned prototype BASS 4 includes a new module with a suitable and easily applicable screening method (EBA) for the assessment of the intensity of physical, emotional and cognitive workload components and their temporal patterns. Specified criterion functions based on these ratings allow for an adjustment of shift and rest duration according to the intensity of physical and mental workload. Furthermore, with regard to interactive effects both workload and temporal conditions, e.g. time of day, are taken into account. In a second new module, important economic aspects and criteria have been implemented. Different ergonomic solutions for scheduling problems can now also be evaluated with regard to their economic costs. RESULTS: The new version of the computer programme (BASS 4) can now simultaneously take into account numerous ergonomic, legal, agreed and economic criteria for the design and evaluation of working hours. CONCLUSIONS: BASS 4 can now be used as an instrument for the design and the evaluation of working hours with regard to legal, ergonomic and economic aspects at the shop floor as well as in administrative (e.g. health and safety inspection) and research problems.

Ergonomics↗