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In-flight continuous vital signs telemetry via the Internet.

BACKGROUND: Current methods available to assess a passenger's life threatening medical condition during in-flight emergencies are inadequate. Critical communication channels between the airplane and ground control rely only on voice communication via a two-way radio. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of cellular telephone technology via the Internet as a cost-effective way to obtain the "linking" pathway from an aircraft to a ground medical facility by conducting a simulated on line triage. METHODS: On July 31, 1997, we transmitted vital signs from a Boeing 757, flying from Chicago to Los Angeles, simultaneously to: The Saddle Back Memorial, in Laguna Hills, CA; Hospital Santojanni in Buenos Aires, Argentina; and the Medical Department of American Airlines in Dallas/Fort Worth, TX. Three lead EKG, heart rate, BP, arterial oxygen saturation, end tidal CO2, respiratory rate body temperature and real time video images were collected from a passenger and transmitted to each facility from the aircraft via the Internet. Access to the Internet was gained via the cellular phone aboard the aircraft. RESULTS: A total of 20 different simulated scenarios of an medical emergency condition were successfully transmitted, simultaneously, to all health care facilities. All data was received without any corruption with an average delay time of 1 s. CONCLUSIONS: Close monitoring of the patient can lead to a better understanding and assessment of a medical condition, improve in-flight patient care, accelerate the decision making process by making an early diagnosis, and correct a life-threatening condition before the patient arrives at the destination.

Aerospace Medicine↗

Telemetry as a new concept in long term monitoring of SIDS-risk infant.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the most frequent cause of infant death within the period of 2 to 12 months in western countries. It has been found that a suit similar to that worn by the astronauts during the execution of experiments on the Spacelab Mission D-2 is a very simple and useful means to carry the sensors required to monitor vital signs of babies at risk. A small baby-suit has been developed with the same technology used for the Spacelab Mission. The baby s suit is equipped with similar sensors to record thoracic and abdominal respiratory movements as its big -space travel brother-. This is a typical example of a successful technology transfer from medical aerospace activities into fields of daily clinical routine. In addition to the above described sensors, ECG-electrodes were integrated, as well as sensors to record vascular oxygen saturation and the corresponding pulse curve, and the baby s movements. All these vital signs are registered by a medical monitor, and permanently stored and automatically analysed online. In case of a life-threatening situation the system alerts simultaneously the personal at hospital and the parents at home. The requisite software algorithms have been developed by DLR in Cooperation with the pediatricians of the Pediatric Hospital in Köln-Porz, Cologne. When the system registers an alteration of the parameters above described -as a signal of a change in the baby s health condition- all vital signs are transfered in real-time to the supervising hospital via radio data transmission devices, mobile phone or a fixed network phone. The parents are also alerted by the device, and they can carry out the necessary reanimation procedures in case of an emergency. Parents will be trained in such actions when newborns must to be monitored. But nevertheless, they are guided and tele-assisted by an expert via telephone during the action. A clinical field trial, that will start in December 1999 at the Pediatric Hospital in Köln-Porz, Cologne, will evaluate the benefits of teleprotection by home monitoring of SIDS risk-babies.

Humans↗

A newly designed underwater antenna and its application to underwater radio-telemetry for measuring electroencephalographic activity from the rainbow trout freely swimming in natural environments.

A novel underwater antenna (which we named an 'aquaerial') for telemetering the biological signals from freely swimming fish in freshwater natural environments is presented. It is designed for receiving a 90-100 MHz carrier wave and consists of plural unit receiving antennas (UAs). The plural UAs are placed underwater to cover the area where the target fish carrying the transmitter is swimming. The UAs are equally spaced and have a directional coupling amplifier to supply the signals received to the coaxial cable. The optimal length of the UA was found to be 16.5 cm (a half wavelength in water) and optimal spacing was 2 m (one wavelength along coaxial cable) when 95 MHz was used as the carrier frequency. Using this 'aquaerial', long-term monitoring of EEG signals from the olfactory bulb of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) swimming freely in natural environments was achieved.

Animals↗