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PubMed1997

The expression of endothelial tissue plasminogen activator in vivo: a function defined by vessel size and anatomic location.

Plasma tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has long been considered to be the product of the endothelial cells that line the various parts of the vascular system regardless of vessel size or location. To determine whether this was truly the case in vivo, the distribution of tPA in the endothelium of the mouse lung and other tissues was evaluated. Immunohistochemical analysis of normal lung tissue showed positive staining limited to the endothelial cells of the bronchial arteries regardless of size with few cells of the pulmonary circulation associated with tPA. The pulmonary vessels that did contain endothelial cell-derived tPA were consistently between 7 and 30 microns in diameter. No capillary or large vessel pulmonary endothelium ever stained positive. These results were also observed in primate lung tissue where the bronchial endothelium of all vessels, even down to capillary size, contained tPA while none of the pulmonary endothelium did. Prolonged exposure of mice to hyperoxic conditions promotes acute lung injury and associated inflammation. Using this model, the effect of inflammation on endothelial cell tPA expression was evaluated. A 4.5-fold increase in the number of pulmonary vessels staining positive for tPA was observed after 66 hours with all of these vessels having a diameter between 7 and 30 microns. Again, none of the endothelium of large arteries or veins nor the capillaries had tPA. Whole tissue tPA mRNA increased dramatically with hyperoxia and in situ hybridization analysis showed tPA mRNA in the endothelium of the same types of vessels as antigen. The tPA localized to both the bronchial and pulmonary endothelium was active with neither tPA-PAI-1 complexes nor urokinase found in perfused lung tissue. These results indicate that endothelial cell tPA expression, either constitutive or induced by a pathologic event, is a function of a highly select group of endothelial cells which are defined by their association with vessels of discrete size and/or anatomic location. Thus, the widely held concept that the steady state level of plasma tPA is maintained through its constitutive production by all endothelial cells of the vascular system is invalid. Also suggested is the possibility that endothelial cell tPA might play a broader role than simply maintaining vessel patency as a component of the fibrinolytic pathway and contribute to complex dynamic processes such as inflammation.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Structural basis for control of secondary vessels in the long-finned eel Anguilla reinhardtii.

Histological sections of primary segmental arteries and associated interarterial anastomoses and secondary vessels from the long-finned eel Anguilla reinhardtii were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Interarterial anastomoses were found to originate from the primary vasculature as depressions through the tunica intima and media, from where they ran perpendicularly to the adventitial layer, before coiling extensively. From here the anastomoses travelled a relatively linear path in the outer margin of the adventitia to anastomose with a secondary vessel running in parallel with the primary counterpart. In contrast to findings from other species, secondary vessels had a structure quite similar to that of primary vessels; they were lined by endothelial cells on a continuous basement membrane, with a single layer of smooth muscle cells surrounding the vessel. Smooth muscle cells were also found in the vicinity of interarterial anastomoses in the adventitia, but these appeared more longitudinally orientated. The presence of smooth muscle cells on all aspects of the secondary circulation suggests that this vascular system is regulated in a similar manner as the primary vascular system. Because interarterial anastomoses are structurally integrated with the primary vessel from which they originate, it is anticipated that flow through secondary vessels to some extent is affected by the vascular tone of the primary vessel. Immunohistochemical studies showed that primary segmental arteries displayed moderate immunoreactivity to antibodies against 5-hydroxytryptamine and substance P, while interarterial anastomoses and secondary vessels showed dense immunoreactivity. No immunoreactivity was observed on primary or secondary arteries against neuropeptide Y or calcitonin gene-related peptide.

Anguilla↗

PubMed1995

Technical note: comparison of colour Doppler energy sonography with conventional colour Doppler sonography in detection of flow signal in peripheral renal transplant vessels.

The technical advantage of colour Doppler energy sonography (CDE) results in a higher sensitivity for blood flow detection than in conventional colour Doppler sonography (CDI). We compared the efficiency of CDE versus CDI in the detection of blood flow signals in asymptomatic patients after renal transplantation. 10 asymptomatic voluntary patients after renal transplantation were evaluated with CDI and subsequently with CDE by two examiners. Filter, scale and gate setting were kept constant, the Doppler gain was increased individually in every patient until background noise just did not derange the image. The assessment of blood flow signal was done using a self defined score system. CDI showed Doppler signal in the interlobar vessels in all 10 patients and blood flow signal in arcuate arteries and adjacent portions of interlobular vessels in nine of 10 patients. We were not able to detect blood flow related signal in the more peripheral medullary and cortical vessels. CDE obtained blood flow signal in interlobar and interlobular vessels in all patients. In addition, Doppler signal was observed in all patients in small medullary and cortical vessels. CDE increases detection of blood flow related signal in peripherally located small medullary and cortical vessels. There was no improvement in the evaluation of blood flow in interlobar vessels but marked improvement in blood flow detection in small peripherally located vessels. CDE cannot completely replace CDI in the sonographic evaluation of vascular complications in renal transplants, but should be used as an additional measure to rule out pathology in small peripheral renal vessels.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Biomechanical differential equations of variables of the arterial pulse based on vessel wall and blood flow features.

A dynamic arterial vessel model with an associated flow resistance is deduced in Laplace-transformed form based on a linear dynamic muscle model and a laminar-instationary blood stream with accompanying parameters (such as elasticity, actin myosin overlap, movement resistances, blood stream resistance and blood mass). In addition, a flow resistance is connected at the outlet of the vessel. With the pulse pressure course as the given input, the Laplace-transformed definition enables, in a clearly arranged manner, the derivation of differential equations of several variables of the arterial pulse process--the changes of blood inflow, outflow, storage flow or volume, of the internal vessel pressure, of the output pressure, of the various pressure differences over the vessel, of the vessel wall tension, of the vessel radius and the vessel wall thickness. The derivations yield the order and the structures of these differential equations. The coefficients of these equations are complicated functions (sums and products) of the smooth-muscle, blood-flow and geometrical parameters. Only in special cases--with an open or the closed vessel at the outlet--are the coefficients simple functions of the vessels parameters.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMed2006

High-resolution MDCT of pulmonary septic embolism: evaluation of the feeding vessel sign.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to use high-resolution MDCT to assess the relation of the pulmonary vasculature to septic emboli with particular attention to the feeding vessel sign. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MDCT scans of nine patients with septic emboli were retrospectively, blindly evaluated by two observers. A control group of 10 patients with documented pulmonary metastasis and pathologically proven carcinoma also were included. Transverse images, multiplanar reconstructions, and maximum intensity projections were used to analyze nodules and the pulmonary vasculature. The CT scans were obtained with 1- to 1.25-mm collimation on a 4-, 8-, or 16-MDCT scanner. The feeding vessel sign was defined as a vessel coursing directly into a nodule. RESULTS: The patients with septic embolism had a total of 141 nodules and 52 wedge-shaped opacities. Transverse images showed that 52 (37%) of the nodules and 11 (22%) of the wedge-shaped opacities had a vessel that appeared to enter the nodule, but multiplanar reconstructions (without IV contrast enhancement) and maximum intensity projections (with IV contrast enhancement) showed the vessels passed around the nodules. Twenty-one (15%) of the spherical nodules and seven (13%) of the wedge-shaped opacities exhibited a central vessel entering the lesion in all imaging planes. All of these vessels were traced to the left atrium on transverse images, a finding consistent with pulmonary vein branches. Similar findings were seen in pulmonary metastatic lesions. CONCLUSION: Although pulmonary septic emboli often appear to have a feeding vessel on conventional cross-sectional images, multiplanar reconstructions show that most of these vessels course around the nodule and that the others are pulmonary veins.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

The distribution and morphology of lymphatic vessels on the peritoneal surface of the adult human diaphragm, as revealed by an ink-absorption method.

Application of india ink to the peritoneal and pleural surfaces of the adult human diaphragm allowed visualization of the distribution and morphology of the lymphatic vessels by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The diaphragms examined had been fixed and stored in 10% formalin. Numerous lymphatic vessels were stained black with india ink, presenting reticular, radial-meshwork, ladder-like and lacy patterns. They were distributed throughout the entire sternocostal part. Analysis by light and scanning electron microscopy of the areas indicated by india ink revealed the presence of primary lymphatic vessels that formed lymphatic lacunae and stomatal openings to the peritoneal cavity. A layer of secondary collecting lymphatic vessels was located cranially with respect to the layer of primary lymphatic vessels. Thus, the peritoneum had at least two layers of lymphatic vessels. These lymphatic vessels were not tubular vessels but resembled flat cisternae, as has been suggested in the case of the mouse diaphragm. The pleura lacked lymphatic stomata and had no such double-layered lymphatic organization. This is the first report that showed distribution and morphology of the lymphatic vessels in the diaphragmatic peritoneum of the formalin-fixed, adult human diaphragm. The method and results in the present study may contribute to morphological analysis of the lymphatic system in the wall of the human body cavity.

Adsorption↗

PubMed2004

Increase of white matter string vessels in Alzheimer's disease.

String vessels are collagenous structures connected to capillaries. They have no endothelial cells or lumen. We assessed collagen IV-labeled string vessels in the white matter (WM) of subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 12) and non-AD controls (n = 11) using 100 microm celloidin sections. Ten standard fields were digitally captured and the number and length of normal vessels and string vessels were quantified by computerized image analysis. The WM of the AD-diagnosed individuals contained more strings per mm2 (3.95 +/- 0.49) than comparable WM from controls (1.36 +/- 0.39) (p = 0.0005) and had increased total string vessel length in mm/mm2 (AD = 0.29 +/- 0.04; control = 0.10 +/- 0.03; p = 0.0015). There was a 25% increase (not statistically significant) in vessel density in mm/mm2 in AD subjects (AD = 11.88 +/- 0.87; control = 9.53 +/- 0.78; p = 0.06), presumably due to brain atrophy in the white matter. Although vessel length was slightly increased in AD subjects, they still had more than double the string length per total vessel length (AD = 2.88 +/- 0.38) compared to controls (1.36 +/- 0.27) (p = 0.0057). This increase in string vessels in the white matter of AD subjects suggests a decrease in vascular supply in this disease.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Narrow-mouthed water storage vessels and in situ chlorination in a Bolivian community: a simple method to improve drinking water quality.

Epidemiologic investigations of the Latin America cholera epidemic have repeatedly implicated untreated drinking water and water touched by hands during storage as important vehicles for disease transmission. To prevent such transmission, we provided a new narrow-mouthed, plastic, water storage vessel and 5% calcium hypochlorite solution for home disinfection of stored water to a Bolivian Aymara Indian community at risk for cholera. We evaluated acceptance of this intervention and its effect on water quality. Each of 42 families in the study obtained water from a household well; fecal coliform bacteria were found in water from 39 (93%) of 42 wells and 33 (79%) of 42 usual water storage vessels. One group of families received the special vessels and chlorine (group A), a second received only the special vessels (group B), and a third served as a control group (group C). Water samples collected every three weeks from group A special vessels had lower geometric mean fecal coliform colony counts (P < 0.0001) and lower geometric mean Escherichia coli colony counts (P < 0.0001) than water from group B or C vessels. Adequate levels of free chlorine persisted in these vessels for at least 5 hr. The special vessels and chlorine solution were well accepted and continued to be used for at least six months. Use of the vessel and chlorine solution produced drinking water from nonpotable sources that met World Health Organization standards for microbiologic quality.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

[The absorbing peripheral lymphatic apparatus and blood vessels of the vermiform appendix: the 3-dimensional and ultrastructural aspects].

We studied the lymphatic angiotectonics of the vermiform appendix of the rabbit, using direct injection of Neoprene latex, electron microscopy and three-dimensional models. We observed that the vermiform appendix is made of absorbing lymphatic vessels distributed among the tubular glands of the tunica mucosa. Moreover, these absorbing lymphatic vessels continue through the straight vessels into a vast, basket-like lymphatic network, which envelopes the medium and basal portions of each single lymphoid follicle. In addition, the vessels of this network reach the submucosal network, whose vessels are peculiar in shape and size. The submucosal network, in turn, drains the lymph through the small caliber intramuscular vessels in the valved subserous precollector lymphatic vessels. We also highlighted the ultrastructural characteristics of the absorbing lymphatic vessels, which completely lack openings at the contacts between the adjacent endothelial cells, which were always joined by specialized junction complexes. Moreover, we reported the presence of intraendothelial channels which we affirm are dynamic morphologic entities, through which lymphocyte migration from the peri-interfollicular lymphoid tissue inside the absorbing lymphatic vessels takes place.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Structural fragility of blood vessels and peritoneum in calponin h1-deficient mice, resulting in an increase in hematogenous metastasis and peritoneal dissemination of malignant tumor cells.

We have observed weak expression of calponin h1, which stabilizes the actin filament system, in blood vessels within human malignant tumors. This observation suggested that because of a deficiency in stabilization by calponin h1, the structure of blood vessels in malignant tumors is fragile compared with blood vessels in normal tissues. We therefore generated calponin h1-deficient (CN(-/-)) mice to examine the effect of calponin h1 on the integrity of the barrier system in blood vessels against cancer metastasis. The CN(-/-) mice exhibited morphological fragility of the tissues, including the uterus and blood vessels. In particular, we frequently observed bleeding into the surrounding tissue from blood vessels of the ocular fundus in CN(-/-) mice. In addition, mesothelial cells, which usually express calponin h1 in normal (CN(+/+)) mice, were retracted in the CN(-/-) mice. When fluorescein was injected i.v. into mice, the CN(-/-) mice exhibited a greater and more rapid leakage of fluorescein from the blood vessels of the ocular fundus compared with the CN(+/+) mice. In the CN(-/-) mice receiving i.v. inoculations of B16 melanoma cells, significantly more metastatic nodules were formed in the lung than in the CN(+/+) mice. When B16 melanoma cells were injected i.p., the severity of peritonitis carcinomatosa was greater in CN(-/-) than in CN(+/+) mice. These results indicate that calponin h1 plays an important role in the regulation of the integrity of the blood vessels and peritoneum, which in turn is an important factor influencing the frequency of cancer metastasis. The CN(-/-) mice, which exhibit fragile blood vessels and peritoneum, could serve as sensitive and useful host models to investigate cancer metastasis.

Actins↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Association between hemosiderin deposition and blood vessel regression during involution of foreign-body granuloma. Histochemical and ultrastructural study.

We have characterized the sequence of events resulting in vessel occlusion and stasis of blood flow during involution of a foreign-body granuloma using histochemistry and electron microscopy. In the microvascular bed of the granulation tissue accompanying the progressive resorption of an implanted collagen sponge, endothelial cells protruded into the vascular lumen, resulting in the occlusion of the lumens of venules and capillaries. Examination of sections stained by the TUNEL method showed brown-yellow stained structures in the vascular lumen during regression of blood vessels. However, the ultrastructural profiles of endothelial cells effectively involved in the vessel occlusion showed none of the cardinal morphological features of apoptosis. These endothelial cells which displayed remarkable indentations of their nuclei in the form of nuclear pinches and/or deep pockets bulged conspicuously into the lumen. Such endothelial cells served as effective valves by protruding into the lumens of small blood vessels, and eventually the vessels were completely plugged by red blood cells. However, protruding endothelial cells subsequently shed into the vascular lumen by deviating themselves from the constitution of the vessel wall. The endothelial cells undergoing apoptosis were removed by intraluminal macrophages. Between the 130 and 140 day, the occurrence of small vessels tightly packed with erythrocytes reached a peak value in the granulation tissue and was accompanied by hemosiderin deposits. The plugged vessels were frequently associated with erythrocyte extravasation, leading to openings between degenerated endothelial cells due to the disappearance of endothelial cytoplasmic projections. Extravasated erythrocytes were rapidly eliminated by phagocytic cells such as mononuclear macrophages and multinucleated giant cells, and ended as hemosiderin deposits in granulation and/or scar tissue at the end of the experimental period (130-140 days). The morphological analysis of this regression sequence suggests that the protrusion of endothelial cells with the nuclear deformation is a mechanism contributing to the occlusion of blood vessels and consequently leads to erythrocyte extravasation.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Biphasic effects of exogenous phospholipase D on vessel tone.

There exists functional significance for agonists stimulated phospholipase D (PLD) and exogenous PLD in different systems, but the functional importance of PLD on vessel tone is not clear. We studied the functional importance of PLD in whole animals and in isolated vessel preparation. In in vivo study, we demonstrated that intravenous injection of PLD at 10, 30, and 100 units to male Sprague-Dawley rats did not significantly alter the mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate in 30 minutes. However, in a denuded vessel preparation, PLD from 10(-3) units/ml to 10 units/ml induced vasoconstriction from 2.8 +/- 1.7 % to 30.5 +/- 1.7 % of maximal KCI contraction in calcium enriched physiological salt solution (PSS). This vasoconstrictive effects of PLD were significantly inhibited by omission of extracellular calcium from PSS or by pretreatment the vessels with nifedipine (10(-6) M). Pretreated the denuded vessels with a protein kinase C inhibitor, chelerythrine (10(-6) M), did not significantly alter the vasoconstrictive effects of PLD. These results indicate that calcium channel rather than protein kinase C activation is involved in PLD-induced vasoconstriction. In endothelium-intact vessels, application of PLD from 10(-4) units/ml to 10 units/ml induced endothelium dependent relaxation in vessels precontracted with phenylephrine (10(-6) M). This relaxation effects of PLD were inhibited by pretreatment of vessels with indomethacin (10(-5) M) or with N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NAME, 10(-4) M), suggesting prostaglandin and nitric oxide released by PLD stimulation. The biphasic effects of PLD on vessel tone are mediated by extracellular calcium and by endothelium-derived nitric oxide and prostaglandin.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

[Lipoprotein (a) in stroke patients with large and small vessel disease].

The significance of lipid abnormalities as the risk factor for stroke remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of lipoprotein (a) [lp(a)] in stroke patients with large and small vessel disease. We studied 71 patients being 3 to 12 months after ischemic stroke (including 30 subjects with large vessel disease and 41 subjects with small vessel disease) and 30 controls. We excluded patients with stroke of cardioembolic, rare or uncertain etiology, subjects with diabetes, with history of myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, valvular heart disease, hypo- or hyperthyreoidism, hepatic or renal insufficiency, and treated with statins or fibrates. We assessed basal lipid fractions and nephelometrically measured the concentration of lp(a). The concentrations of total and LDL-cholesterol were similar in studied groups. Patients with large vessel disease had lower levels of HDL-cholesterol and higher levels of triglycerides than patients with small vessel disease and than controls. Median concentrations of lp(a) were similar in all studied groups (8.4 mg/dl in all stroke patients; 10.85 mg/dl in large vessel disease; 7.7 mg/dl in small vessel disease and 6.3 mg/dl in controls; p = n.s.). The percentage of subjects with increased lp(a) concentrations (i.e. > 30 mg/dl) was greater in large vessel disease (36.7%) than in small vessel disease (12.2%; p < 0.05) and in controls (10%; p < 0.05). The concentrations of basal lipid fractions were similar in subjects with normal and with increased concentration of lp(a), both in stroke patients and in controls.

Brain↗

PubMed1992

Pathways of macromolecular tracer transport across venules and small veins. Structural basis for the hyperpermeability of tumor blood vessels.

BACKGROUND: Blood vessels supplying tumors are hyperpermeable to macromolecules, but the mechanisms responsible are poorly understood. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: To investigate the structural basis for the leakiness of tumor blood vessels, we performed a transmission electron microscopic study of three syngeneic transplantable carcinomas (mouse ovarian carcinoma and the line 1 and line 10 bile duct guinea pig carcinomas) at early intervals after intravenous injection of several macromolecular tracers. Tracers with widely differing physical properties were studied: horseradish peroxidase, ferritin, 150 kilodalton fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran and gold-bovine serum albumin. RESULTS: All tracers leaked primarily from venules and small veins at the tumor-host interface, for the most part vessels lined by a continuous endothelium. The predominant pathway by which all four tracers exited venules in all three tumors was by way of a system of smooth membrane-bound, interconnecting vesicles and vacuoles; these tended to cluster together at irregular intervals in the endothelial cell cytoplasm to form organelle-like structures, vesiculo-vacuolar organelles (VVO). In favorable sections, VVO interfaced with both the luminal and abluminal surfaces of endothelial cells. HRP alone crossed venules and small veins through apposed inter-endothelial cell junctions. Tracers also exited vessels by way of endothelial fenestrae where these occurred (rarely) in mouse ovarian tumor-associated venules. VVO occurred with similar frequency and complexity in the continuous endothelium-lined venules and small veins that supplied the normal subcutis of either tumor-bearing or control animals. As in tumor-associated vessels, VVO provided the predominant pathway by which all four tracers exited normal vessels, but VVO labeling and extravasation were both much greater in tumor than in control vessels (p < 0.001 for ferritin). CONCLUSIONS: VVO are prominent structures in both tumor-supplying and control vessel endothelial cells and provide the primary pathway for macromolecular extravasation. The large increase in permeability characteristic of tumor vessels is likely attributable to upregulation of VVO function.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

[The effect of the argon laser on the vessels, the macro- and microcirculation of the mucosa of the hamster cheek-pouch. An intravitalmicroscopic study (author's transl)].

The mucosa of the cheek-pouch of five golden Syrian Hamsters was irradiated with the beam of an argonionlaser (diameter 0.5 mm and 200 mW). The effect on the micro- and macro-vessels and the bloodstream, especially of the microcirculation, is studied intravitalmicroscopically. In the microcirculation and also in the small and large venous and arterial vessels a restriction of bloodstream, praestasis, pendulumstream, stream reversal and some white microthrombi, -- emboli and agglutination of erythrocytes are visible. The bloodless welding of the vessels takes place even before the evaporation and coagulation necrosis of the surrounding epithelium of the mucosa as a result of the relatively selective effect of the Argon Laser on the reddish vessel-system by a continuous narrowing of the vessels-walls to the complete loss of their lumen rather than by a thrombosis. Firstly the capillaries, the venoles and the arterioles are obliterated, then those of middle size and at last the large venae and arteries in which case large vessels function for a moment as smaller ones. A continuously growing imbibition with increasing duration of the laser irradiation can be observed. Three clinically important phenomenon, depending on the laserdose can be observed: 1. a partial, 2. a subtotal and total obliteration of the network of the vessels, and 3. a total destruction of the blood-vessels and also of the tissue. Therefore clinically a subtotal or total network obliteration of the blood-vessels of strongly vascularised tissues, haemangiomas, teleangiectasias in case of morbus Rendu-Weber-Osler and livid enlarged nasal conchae might be obtained. Further a total tissue-destruction with a break in the continuity of the tissue for example with strongly vascularised carcinoma or its metastases might be effected.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[The application of ultrasonography to estimate blood vessel injury of upper limbs sustaining electric burns].

OBJECTIVE: To explore a new method in estimating extent and degree of arterial injury in upper limbs sustaining high tension electric burns. METHODS: Eighteen patients (twenty-four upper limbs) with high tension electricity injury were admitted from December 1998 to September 2002, The damaged limbs consisted of four parts: wrist wound part, 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm parts around wrist wound, where the radial and ulnar arteries were detected using B ultrasound and color WP Doppler examination. The changes of endangium, vessel diameter, thickness of the vessel wall and volume of blood flow were recorded respectively. The parameters of normal radial and ulnar arteries were also determined as normal control. RESULTS: B ultrasound and color WP Doppler examination showed that the endangium in radial and ulnar arteries become coarse, edema or exfoliation. The vessel wall was thicker than that of the normal control and the thickness was heterogeneity. The vessel wall could be necrosis in severe patient and the vessel cavity was stricture or beaded. Thrombosis or occlusion could occur at the site of severe injury area in vessel. The decrease in volume of blood flow was observed. The condition of the radial and ulnar arteries become well apart from 10 - 15 cm of wrist wound. CONCLUSIONS: The ultrasonography can be used to detect the changes in endangium, diameter, thickness of the vessel wall, blood flow volume in injury blood vessel caused by electric burn injury. It is helpful in judging the degree and extent of injury vessel and could be a safe, non-invasive diagnostic method and is worth popularizing.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ovarian vessel dilatation with ovarian mass on MR images: influence of pelvic venous plexus dilatation.

PURPOSE: We assessed the value of analyzing visualization of the ovarian vessels in relation to the features of ovarian masses using MR images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 74 patients with 91 masses (61 benign lesions and 30 malignant lesions) were evaluated. Ovarian masses were classified using the following features: 1) benignancy, 2) characterization, and 3) maximum diameter. We assessed the relationship between visualization and the diameter of the ipsilateral ovarian vessels and the features of ovarian masses. In addition, we assessed the relationship between visualization and the diameter of ovarian vessels and pelvic venous plexus (PVP) dilatation. RESULTS: Regardless of tumor laterality, 82% of ovarian vessels were visualized (121/148 vessels) on MR images. There was a significant relationship between the average diameter of ovarian vessels and dilatation of PVP (p<0.001). In patients without dilatation, there was a stronger relationship between ovarian vessel average diameter and benignancy (p=0.007), and the character of ovarian mass (solid versus cystic; p<0.05, mixed versus cystic; p<0.01). CONCLUSION: We confirmed a strong relationship between the diameter of ovarian vessels and dilatation of PVP. If ovarian vessels are dilated in patients without dilatation of PVP, we could suggest the possibility of malignant ovarian tumor.

Dilatation, Pathologic↗

PubMed2005

18F-FDG uptake by primary tumor as a predictor of intratumoral lymphatic vessel invasion and lymph node involvement in non-small cell lung cancer: analysis of a multicenter study.

UNLABELLED: Intratumoral lymphatic vessel invasion and lymph node involvement are important factors in the planning of therapeutic strategies, particularly limited surgical resection in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. (18)F-FDG uptake within the primary lesion correlates with aggressiveness on PET studies. The more metabolically active the tumor, the more aggressive are the findings. The aim of this multicenter study was to determine whether (18)F-FDG uptake of the primary tumor is a predictor of intratumoral lymphatic vessel invasion and lymph node metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: One hundred thirty-two patients with lung cancer were studied. All patients underwent a thoracotomy within 4 wk of the (18)F-FDG PET study. A 3-point visual scoring system (low, moderate, or high grade in comparison with mediastinal activity) was used to interpret (18)F-FDG uptake within the primary lesions. The degree of (18)F-FDG uptake in the primary tumor was correlated with the incidence of intratumoral lymphatic vessel invasion and lymph node involvement. Multivariate analysis was performed with logistic multivariate analysis to assess the joint effects and interactions of the variables (age, sex, tumor size, histology, and (18)F-FDG uptake) on intratumoral lymphatic vessel invasion and lymph node involvement. RESULTS: Intratumoral lymphatic vessel invasion and lymph node involvement were found in 7.1% and 5.9%, respectively, of the patients classified in the low-grade group, and in 14.3% and 10.0%, respectively, of the patients classified in the moderate-grade group. In contrast, of the patients classified in the group with high (18)F-FDG uptake, intratumoral lymphatic vessel invasion and lymph node involvement were found in 39.7% and 38.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that only (18)F-FDG uptake was a significant factor for intratumoral lymphatic vessel invasion and that tumor size and (18)F-FDG uptake were significant factors for lymph node involvement. Of the patients in the high-grade group whose tumors were classified as > or =3 cm in size, lymph node involvement was found in 51.5%. In contrast, of the patients in the low- to moderate-grade group whose tumors were classified as <3 cm in size, lymph node involvement was found in only 9.1% (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Patients with a low to moderate (18)F-FDG uptake in the primary lesion had a significantly lower risk of concurrent intratumoral lymphatic vessel invasion and nodal involvement than did patients with a high (18)F-FDG uptake. In patients with non-small cell lung cancer, (18)F-FDG uptake by the primary tumor is a strong predictor of intratumoral lymphatic vessel invasion and lymph node metastasis.

Adult↗