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PubMedDate not supplied

Cytology of peritoneal washings in gynecologic patients. Diagnostic criteria and pitfalls.

A total of 226 peritoneal washing specimens obtained from gynecologic patients over a three-year period was reviewed. The diagnostic problems encountered were: differentiating reactive mesothelium from low-grade malignancies; distinguishing between benign ovarian tumors, ovarian tumors of borderline malignancy and low-grade ovarian malignancies; and potential false-positive diagnoses in endometriosis. Low-grade malignancies could be distinguished from reactive mesothelium by evaluating subtle cytologic criteria and by comparing the cells to those of the tumor on histologic section. The differentiation of low-grade epithelial malignancies from benign epithelial lesions caused difficulties that could only be resolved by evaluating the histologic material. Positive peritoneal washings increased the stage in 8 of 110 patients undergoing initial surgery for gynecologic malignancy. Two of 76 patients undergoing a second-look laparotomy had positive washings without histologic evidence of tumor. These ten patients did less well than did those with similar histology but negative washing cytology, despite receiving additional therapy because of the cytologic findings.

Adnexa Uteri↗

PubMed1987

Study of mediators of anaphylaxis in nasal wash fluids after aspirin and sodium metabisulfite nasal provocation in intolerant rhinitic patients.

Nasal histamine (H), leukotriene C4 (I-LTC4) and SRS-A activity were studied in seven aspirin-(ASA)-intolerant patients (AIR) with rhinitis and in five ASA-tolerant control patients with chronic rhinitis after nasal provocation (NP) with a lysine acetylsalicylate solution. The same parameters were also studied after metabisulfite (MBS) NP in four sulfite-intolerant patients with rhinitis and in six control patients with chronic rhinitis. In six ASA-intolerant subjects and in four controls, we studied the PGD2 levels in nasal washes after ASA NP 0.2 mL of lysine acetylsalicylate solution (10 mg/mL) was sprayed intranasally in ASA-intolerant patients and controls and a 25-mg/mL MBS solution in sulfite intolerant patients and controls. Nasal wash fluids were obtained using 5 mL of 0.15 M saline before and 7 1/2, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after nasal provocation. The nasal provocation with ASA induced itching and sneezing in four out of seven intolerant subjects. In this subgroup histamine values in nasal wash fluids were significantly higher versus the remaining ASA-intolerant patients at 30 and 60 minutes (P less than .05 and P less than .01, respectively) and versus controls at 60 minutes (P less than .01). We found significantly higher I-LTC4 (P less than .01) and SRS-A levels in nasal washes collected from ASA-intolerant subjects versus controls at 60 minutes after nasal provocation. There was no significant increase in the mean PGD2 values in either the ASA-intolerant or control groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aspirin↗

PubMed1977

[Bactericidal power's assessment of eight antiseptic products intended to surgeon's hand-washing (author's transl)].

A standard hand-washing technique was used in order to test the relative effectiveness of eight both detergent and alcoholic preparations intended to surgeon's hands disinfection. A single four or seven minutes washing with alcoholic solutions was shown to eliminate a much larger proportion of the skin flora than could be removed by a single four or seven minutes hand-washing with detergent antiseptic preparations. Authors have also determined effect of wearing surgical rubber gloves after skin disinfection and compared viable bacterial counts in hand washings immediately after the antiseptic treatment and when gloves had been worn for one hour.

Bacteriological Techniques↗

PubMed1979

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in diagnosis of opportunistic lung infections: assessment of Sputa, Washings, Brushings and biopsy specimens.

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (washings, brushings and biopsies) was done in 25 cases of proven opportunistic pulmonary infections in compromised hosts. Diagnostic yields of bronchoscopic procedures and expectorated sputum were compared. Sputum examination gave the lowest yield (14 percent). Bronchial washings and brushings were diagnostic in 30 percent and 38 percent of patients, respectively. On transbronchial biopsy of the lung (TBB) pathogens were identified in 75 percent of patients with Pneumocystis carinii infection and 67 percent of patients with other opportunistic infections. The overall TBB yield of 73 percent was superior (P<0.05) to that of either washings or brushings. The yield from combining washings and brushings was greater than from either procedure alone, but combination with TBB did not result in any significant improvement. TBB is recommended as a useful diagnostic procedure in patients with suspected opportunistic pulmonary infections. Morbidity was minimal with this procedure, and the need for thoracotomy was reduced when it was used.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Development of an 82.2 degrees C (180 degrees F) temperature indicatior system for monitoring equipment washing and sanitizing programs.

A survey performed at 12 institutions showed that while the temperatures in the water tanks of mechanical cage washers were monitored, these temperatures deviated from the temperatures obtained on the items actually being washed. Most surveyed facilities were not meeting the 82.2 degrees C (180 degrees F) standard in the washing chamber. A temperature indicator was developed which revealed whether 82.2 degrees C had been reached at the surface of the items being sanitized. The indicator was a sealed glass ampule which produced a visible color change when exposed to temperatures of 82.2 degress C or higher. The indicator was located on the items being washed. Due to the variability of water heating in washing machines, it was recommended that one indicator be used in each load of equipment being sanitized.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

[Cytodiagnosis of ovarian cancer--usefulness of peritoneal washings in histological diagnosis].

To determine the clinical significance of intraperitoneal cancer cells, comparative cytologic studies on ovarian cancer cells in peritoneal washings and ascites were performed. The materials obtained from 6 patients with ovarian cancer were examined by light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the results achieved were as follows: Ovarian cancer cells were recognized in both peritoneal washings and peritoneal effusion. It was easier to get a diagnosis from the cytologic features of the peritoneal washings than those of the effusion, because of the fewer contaminants such as fibrin, red blood cells and other degenerated tissues. Despite the presence of clustered cells in the washings, the nuclei and cytoplasmas were clearly seen. On SEM observation of the clustered cells from the effusion, red blood cells and fibrin were seen to adhere to the surface of cancer cells. Ultrastructural observation of cancer cells by TEM confirmed the fact that the activity of the cells was maintained even in ascites.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

[Effects of washing gametes on their fertilization in rainbow trout].

Isolation and washing experiments were carried out to test the respective influences of coelomic and seminal fluids on gamete fertilizing ability. Isolating or washing gametes in salt solutions similar to the accompanying medium did not alter their fertility. On the contrary, the fertilization rate was lower when ova and spermatozoa were washed before insemination. Fertilizability was considerably lower for ova washed exclusively in media with NaCl or low osmotic pressure. The paper discusses some protein factors in the coelomic and seminal fluids which may have a protector effect on gametes, especially spermatozoa.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Chemical contamination of animal feeding systems: evaluation of two caging systems and standard cage-washing equipment.

Sodium fluorescein was added as a tracer to an ager gel diet which was fed for 5 day to 90 of 180 rats housed in two different polycarbonate caging systems, shoe-box cages and suspension solid-bottom cages. Cage racks, supplementary equipment, and case washer surfaces were analysed for fluorescein both before and after a complete wash and rinse cycle. Efficacy of washing was greater than 99% for both the inside and outside of the suspended cages and greater than 99% for the inside, but only 93% for the outside, of the shoe-box cages. The shoe-box cages, which were larger than the suspended cages, were spaced closer together on the washer rack, which may account for this variation in cleaning effectiveness. The cage washer surfaces and the water, which was recirculated during each cycle, also became contaminated with fluorescein. Strict adherence to proper cage-washing procedures and careful selection of cage design are important factors in controlling the potential for residual contamination of caging and cage-washing equipment.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1978

[Restriction of washing and its effect to the normal human skin flora. Quantitative and qualitative investigations of the aerobic skin flora (author's transl)].

The behaviour of the aerobic skin flora of the flexor sides of the forearms, under a three-week restriction of washing, was investigated in twenty-four patients for its quantitative and qualitative aspects. The combined scrabbing-washing method was used as described by Burtenshaw with Ringer's solution. After a three-week restriction of washing, using the Wilcoxon-Test, statistically no significant changes in the total number of microorganisms were found in areas investigated in the intermittent sampling of the skin flora. A three-week restriction of washing in the region of the flexor sides of the forearms does not induce significant changes in the composition of the normal aerobic skin flora. The percentage of differences in the total number of bacteria fluctuates up to the mark in wide limits; statements about standard deviations are not permitted because of the technical and experimental conditions. There was no shifting of the Resident flora to other groups of bacteria in the patients under study. Pathogenic microorganisms could not be found in higher numbers after the second sampling.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Comparison of a range of addition silicone putty-wash impression materials used in the one-stage technique.

This study investigated the accuracy of one-stage polyvinylsiloxane impressions recorded in metal and plastic stock trays using regular and soft putties. Impressions were made using the one-stage technique (putty and wash simultaneously) of a full arch, copper-plated typodont with turned full crown preparations. Dies resulting from all the putty-wash impressions recorded in plastic trays had significant differential die distortion at the cervical finishing line. Although President regular putty, President soft putty, Express and Provil produced acceptable dies when used with metal trays, significant differential die distortion occurred with Extrude and Reprosil. The putty-wash/plastic tray combination is unsatisfactory. Metal trays reduce die distortion with some putty-wash systems but not with others.

Dental Impression Materials↗

PubMed1994

Postoperative salvage: a technological advance in the 'washed' versus 'unwashed' blood controversy.

AT techniques are becoming the standard of care in surgery. Some controversy exists regarding the use of washed versus unwashed salvaged blood, as discussed. The literature concerning this unresolved problem has been reviewed. Because blood collected intraoperatively has undergone clotting and lysis, no beneficial coagulation effects can be expected with reinfusion of unwashed blood. If, additionally, potentially harmful effects may result, a strong argument can be made for washing the RBCs free of the activated clotting factors before reinfusion. Theoretically, this has strong appeal. In practice, it is recognized that patients who are in good health can tolerate small volume reinfusion of unwashed blood, particularly if they have been anticoagulated. In weighing the options and the risk/benefits equation, it would appear that washing the RBCs is generally the safest course. Now, it seems that there is a definite trend toward washing the red cells before reinfusion. Technological advances make this possible. The Haemolite 2 is a small, compact, portable autotransfusor that provides a safe, practical, and efficient means of recycling the patients own blood in the postoperative salvage setting.

Blood Transfusion, Autologous↗

PubMed1994

Semen preparation with the Sperm Select System versus a washing technique.

OBJECTIVE: To compare sperm migration through sodium hyaluronate with simple washing as methods for preparing sperm for IUI. DESIGN: Ten normal semen specimens were prospectively collected and samples were prepared by simple washing and by migration into sodium hyaluronate using the Sperm Select System (Select Medical Systems, Williston, VT). The semen and each treatment group were evaluated for sperm concentration, percent motile, viability, acrosomal status, longevity, and computer-aided semen analysis (CASA) parameters. SETTING: University reproductive endocrinology facility. RESULTS: The recovery of motile sperm was significantly higher for the washing method (mean +/- SEM 75% +/- 7%) than for the hyaluronate method (10% +/- 1%). The number of motile sperm recovered by migration into hyaluronate was independent of the percentage of motile sperm in the semen specimen and positively correlated with sperm concentration. The hyaluronate method produced greater percentages of motile, viable, and morphologically normal sperm, with lower proportions of premature acrosome reactions, higher sperm velocity, and greater linearity. CONCLUSIONS: The Sperm Select System method of sperm separation provides a highly uniform specimen with improved sperm quality. However, the recovery of motile sperm is considerably lower than for simple washing methods.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Pelvic washings for cytologic analysis in endometrial adenocarcinoma.

The adoption of surgical staging into the management of endometrial adenocarcinoma has permitted improved accuracy in the study of prognostic variables in patients with limited disease. In an effort to resolve the current controversy about the importance of pelvic washings for cytologic analysis in endometrial cancer, 270 consecutive patients with neoplasms histologically limited to the uterus were studied. Fourteen patients (5.2%) were found to have positive results. Cytologic results correlated with tumor grade (P < .02) and depth of myometrial penetration (P < .02). Multivariate analysis indicated age 70 years or greater (P < .002), outer-third myometrial invasion (P < .004) and positive washings (P < .02) to predict survival. The probability of five-year survival in the total group was 0.85, which decreased to 0.67 in patients with positive washings. Despite statistical significance as a prognostic variable, the overall clinical utility of peritoneal cytology in planning postoperative adjuvant therapy in this series was limited by its correlation with other prognostic factors and overall low rate of positivity. Conclusions regarding effective adjuvant therapy for positive washings could not be drawn due to the smaller number of patients with abnormal results and the variety of treatments employed.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1993

DNA image cytometry of bladder tumours: comparison of washings and tumour imprints from 61 patients.

Cellular DNA cytometry is commonly used to assess the prognosis of bladder tumours. Measurements are made mainly on voided urine or irrigation fluids by flow or image cytometry. In order to determine whether this material is really representative of the bladder tumour, we compared DNA assessments of bladder washings and tumour imprints from the same patients using image cytometry on Feulgen-stained preparations. DNA aneuploidy was found in 41.0% of the washings, 42.6% of the imprints and 49.2% of the patients if both samples were considered. If DNA histograms are classified into three groups (diploid, diploid+aneuploid, aneuploid), a 70% concordance rate is obtained between washings and imprints. In 15% of the cases, an aneuploid population was found in both samples, but in different proportions. In the latter 15%, an aneuploid population was found in one sample but not in the other; this discrepancy, which is probably due to poor tumour exfoliation or to tumour heterogeneity, is of clinical significance since it indicates the importance of making DNA assessments on both washings and cells directly obtained from the tumour.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Hand washing: a ritual revisited.

This article summarizes a critical analysis of 18 studies that examined the link between hand washing and infection. Although several factors made it difficult to evaluate the effect of hand washing, the authors conclude that (1) hand washing can add incremental value to infection-control strategies in acute care settings, (2) patient hand hygiene may influence infection rates, and (3) the effect of "ideal" hand washing on nosocomial infection rates is unlikely to be quantifiable.

Cross Infection↗

PubMed1977

[The practicability of the gravlee-jet-wash-technique--results of a laboratory (author's transl)].

The matter of examination were 171 jet-wash-proofs of 166 patients. In working up the material we aimed to get "sedimentsmears" and "specimens" by the aid of the cellbloc-technique. In the case of seventeen patients there was no material to be evaluated. Counting the 13 cases which were found necessary to be repeated because the quantity of material was too little, 17,5% of the cases finally could not be diagnosed. Using the histology of curettage, or the surgery preparations of 148 patients, we had something to compare with the results of the jet-wash-proofs. 11 out of 13 endometrial carcinomata (84,6%) were registered by the aid of the jet-wash-technique; this was contrasted with two false positive results out of 148 cases. The reasons of false positive and false negative results are being discussed. The efficiency of the jet-wash-technique depends on the prooftaking method, the way the material is worked up, and the kind of the dammage of the endometrium. The results show, that the use of a jet-washer is now, after a phase of learning, a diagnostical completion for the recognition of the endometrial carcinoma in high risk patients.

Cytodiagnosis↗

PubMed1995

Effect of chlorhexidine gluconate mouth wash on the plaque microflora in children using intra oral appliances.

The effect of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouth wash (Hexidine) on the plaque microflora was evaluated on children wearing intra oral removable appliances. Plaque samples were collected from the enamel sections, both primary and permanent, mounted on the removable appliances. These appliances were worn by 12 children for one week. Plaque was allowed to accumulate on the in situ test sites and on the adjacent natural dentition. At the end of the experimental period the plaque microflora associated with the enamel sections were compared with that obtained from lingual and interproximal areas of the lower molar teeth. It was also compared with a control group of 12 children without an appliance. In addition, the effect of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouth wash on the plaque microflora for the next 14 days was also determined on both the groups. Although some quantitative difference was found between the proportion of isolates obtained from the different enamel surfaces, it was not statistically significant. There was a statistically significant increase in the isolates of plaque microflora after the insertion of removable appliance in children which decreased significantly with the use of 10 ml of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth wash twice a day. The study indicates that the primary and permanent tooth specimens mounted on the intra-oral device collected plaque microflora similar to that present on the adjacent natural dentition and that chlorhexidine gluconate mouth wash therapy is effective in reducing plaque microflora in children with removable appliances.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) level in serum and peritoneal washings, and its implication in determining multidisciplinary treatments.

In this study we examined the efficacy of the measurement of IAP (serum ancl peritoneal washings) during the treatment of colorectal cancers, and determined the possible benefits of using the IAP measurements from both serum and peritoneal washings. One hundred and six patients (peritoneal washings: 58, peritoneal fluid: 67) were investigated. Serum IAP levels were significantly higher in patients who underwent complicated surgical procedures which involved greater time and blood loss compared to those patients who underwent less involved surgical procedures with little loss of blood and time. In peritoneal washings, up to 66. 7% of cases with peritoneal dissemination showed elevated levels of IAP in the peritoneal cavity, while 37% of cases with no dissemination at surgery macroscopically had positive IAP levels (8 mg/g protein). The results suggest the value of IAP in determining the need for combined immunochemotherapy for patients in an immunosuppressive environment.

Adult↗