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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The beginning development of a model for joint research between a hospital social work department and a school of social work.

Efforts of agencies and schools of social work to encourage goals of research and professional writing among their staff and faculty have brought uneven results. A medical center and a graduate school of social work are in the process of implementing a joint research model which encourages practice based research and publication. This paper describes the beginning structures of the model and the questions addressed in the formative process.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

What field instructors of social work students need from hospital field work programs.

Hospital field instructors of graduate social work students can experience considerable stress in managing their dual roles as practitioners and teachers. This paper looks at the kinds of supports that field instructors need from hospital social work departments to help them experience field instruction positively. Annual program evaluations completed by field instructors at one hospital over a five year period were analyzed. Findings suggest that ongoing departmental seminars for field instructors can be critical in supporting them in this role well beyond the first year. Implications for retaining field instructors and directions for further research are highlighted.

Education, Graduate↗
PubMed1994

Working on a moving surface--a biomechanical analysis of musculo-skeletal load due to ship motions in combination with work.

Ship motions are recognized by fishermen as a cause of high musculo-skeletal load. In the present study, the motions of a Swedish trawler at sea were registered over three degrees of freedom. Simultaneously, the working postures of a fisherman on board were registered in the sagittal plane during five different working situations: (1) standing erect in still conditions; (2) holding a load of 21 kg in still conditions; (3) standing erect during motion of the ship; (4) standing during motion of the ship, holding a load of 21 kg; and (5) repeatedly lifting and lowering a 21 kg load during motion of the ship. All registrations were sampled using a computer where data were processed in a two-dimensional, dynamic biomechanics model, developed for this particular purpose. Vertical and horizontal forces as well as moments were calculated for seven major joint systems of the body, as was compression at the L4/L5 vertebral level. In situation (3), ship motions were mainly counteracted by motions in the lower extremity and lumbar back, thus inducing increased strain in these parts of the body; other parts of the body were little affected. Holding a load considerably increased the load on most joints. Lifting the load further increased the musculo-skeletal strain and also increased the range of moments in each joint as well as the range of lumbar compression. Moment at the C7 vertebral level was relatively unaffected by ship motions and by handling external loads.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2001

The business model and social work: a conundrum for social work practice.

The economic and social philosophies of the "New Right" which emphasise individualism and self-fulfillment have become wide-spread. In the last two decades it has grown particularly strong in Western societies. Self-fulfillment of the individual now commands its own moral imperative, and promotes the shutting out of the greater issues and concerns (political, historical and religious) that transcend the self. This paper examines the impact of "New Right" ideologies on social workers and social work practice, with particular reference to social workers in New Zealand's largest mental health institution, Porirua Hospital. It argues that a life course approach is necessary to understand social variations in health. It explores the accumulation of risk for the underprivileged in the market environment, with its concomitant constraints on human services. The paper reviews the inherent and fundamental conflict of objectives in the ethical positioning of social organizations, as against those of the ew Right." Finally, the paper argues for social and economic policies that would defend the socio-economically disadvantaged against an accumulation of risk in the critical periods of their life. It highlights survival strategies for social work in a marginalizing practice environment.

Economic Competition↗
PubMed2004

Relationships between social work involvement and hospice outcomes: results of the National Hospice Social Work Survey.

In a struggle to balance fiscal realities with hospice philosophy, some hospices have attempted to cut costs by reducing social work involvement. This cross-sectional survey of 66 hospices found, however, increased social work involvement was significantly associated with lower hospice costs. Additional benefits included better team functioning, more issues addressed by the social worker on the team, reduced medical services, and fewer visits by other team members, along with increased client satisfaction and lower severity of case. The authors concluded that higher salaries should be paid to a sufficient number of highly educated and experienced social workers. These social workers should be dedicated solely to the hospice social worker position, should participate in intake interviews, and should be supervised by a social worker.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship between work history, work environment and low-back pain in men.

Interviews were conducted with 303 men to determine aspects of work history and working environment that are related to low-back pain. Respondents included no pain, moderate pain, and severe pain samples. Data were obtained for 150 variables including task frequencies, weights lifted, lifting postures, type of floor surface, type of chair support, pushing, pulling, and carrying activities, driving vehicles, and attributions of pain occurrence to particular situations. Univariate analyses showed difference among the three pain groups for lifting method, having had lifting instruction, stretching and reaching activities, amount of sitting and twisting in seat, pushing materials of varied weights, and contributions of pain onset. Multivariate regression analyses selected activities from (1) standing and lifting, (2) carrying, pushing, and pulling, (3) sitting, (4) driving vehicles, and (5) using vibrating equipment that jointly explained pain group variance. The significant variables from each domain were used in second-level multiple regressions to explain differences between no pain and pain, and between moderate and severe pain. Computed weights for pulling, lifting method, weight carried, reaching and stretching, chair support, number of times/day in-out of chair, and heavy vibration exposure explained 27% of variance between moderate and severe pain groups. Weights for automobile driving, number of times/day in-out of vehicle, number of lifts/day, maximum weight pulled, sitting with feet on floor, and exposure to heavy vibration explained 23% of the variance between no pain and pain groups.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2006

Cognitive appraisal of stress and health status of wage working and non-wage working women in Jordan.

This cross-sectional correlation study addresses the stress appraisal of 93 Jordanian wage working and non-wage working single and married women in Jordan and the relationship of appraised stress to their physical and psychological health. Data were collected using a demographic interview guide that included a Likert-type scale addressing perceived global social stress, the Cornell Medical Index (CMI), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Perceived stress had no significant relations with physical and emotional health as measured by the PSS, but significant relations were found between social stress and indicators of health. In fact, social stress was the single most significant predictor of overall health, physical health, and emotional health. The findings on the health profile of participants and social stress have important implications for future research and for illness prevention and health promotion initiatives.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Work absenteeism in Chile according to the type of work place].

BACKGROUND: The issue of medically justified work absenteeism has a great relevance in Chile at the present moment. AIM: To analyze sick leaves among people working in hospitals, mines, automotive industry and universities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of 14 thesis and research papers about absenteeism in Chile. The incapacity rate (number of days with sick leave per worker per year, the frequency rate (number of sick leaves per year per worker) and the severity rate (mean duration of sick leaves) were calculated. The diseases causing the highest rates of absenteeism were also recorded. RESULTS: The mean age of the studied populations was 36 years old and the most common diseases causing absenteeism were respiratory, rheumatologic and trauma. Hospital workers had the highest incapacity rate with 14.3 days of sick leave per worker per year, followed by mining industry with 12 days, automotive industry with 7.1 days and universities with 6 days. CONCLUSIONS: In Chile, respiratory diseases are the main cause of sick leaves and hospital workers have the highest incapacity rate.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2003

Transforming schools of social work into spaces of social action: a critical exploration of Project Interaction, The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Two-Spirit Initiative of McGill University's School of Social Work.

This article examines the question of how universities can be encouraged to address the mental health concerns of GLBT-SQ people and communities from a perspective of solidarity. In so doing, the authors take a case study approach, using Project Interaction: The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Two-Spirit Initiative of McGill University's School of Social Work, to critically reflect upon the challenges arising from the development of an alternative organization within academia. The purpose of this reflection is to highlight how normal operations at work on university campuses, and within health and allied health curriculum, can be disrupted with the goal of providing momentum for the creation of affirmative space, the advancement of educational initiatives, and the building of opportunities for social change.

Bisexuality↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of the work activities, their autonomic support and the work capacity of coal mine workers ill with chronic bronchitis].

In miners with chronic bronchitis, diminution of bodily energy reserves does not permit optimizing their functional state in full measure. Patients are provided with ample opportunity to realize various forms of behaviour in order that they might continue their labour activities under usual conditions they are accustomed to. Exclusion from the activity those labour operations of high energy content, lowering of density of work, and increase in duration/number of breaks for rest--all such measures serve to secure professional activity. From the standpoint of self-preservation of the organism the above-named changes can be regarded as quite expedient since they minimize the action of adverse factors of the labour process. Nevertheless, this does not save the miners weakened by their illnesses from development of unfavourable states of overstrain during the process of their work.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of the work process of dental technicians and their body functional status in the dynamics of work activities].

The article presents in the ophthalmoergonomic aspect data from studies on the character of labour activity, condition of visual organs, vision conditions, and functions of the visual analyzer in dental mechanics. It has been ascertained that during the labour process, it is the functions of accommodation and contrast sensitivity of the eye that bear the highest strain (P < 0.05), and by the vision conditions delineation, the dental mechanic's work is on the list of those jobs requiring high visual efficiency (III B category of visual jobs according to the adopted and enforced standards classification), which facts necessitate ensuring high levels of illumination. Recommendatory measures are presented designed to prevent in dental mechanics general and visual fatigue (eyestrain and to maintain their capacity for work.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Attitudes toward working mothers: accommodating the needs of mothers in the work force.

More women, including mothers, are part of the work force than ever before. In the workplace, barriers often exist that restrict promotion and advancement of mothers. Mothers often are penalized in attempting to meet the demands of parent and worker roles. Parenting practices have been considered primarily the domain of mothers. However, nurturing may be done effectively by fathers or other motivated adults. Policies of employers must change to accommodate needs of families. Examples of supportive practices may include flexible working hours, parental leave, and on-site child care.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1991

[Indicators of mental and physical work capacity during reserpine treatment of patients with arterial hypertension working under neuro-emotional stress].

The article deals with reserpine influence on mental and physical working capacity, psychic state and professionally relevant functions of memory and concentration in 36 male patients of 50 +/- 2.0 years of age suffering from arterial hypertension and engaged in professions characterized with extreme neuro-emotional stress conditions ( enterprise managers). It was shown that reserpine induced a stable and significant hypotensive effect, improved the physiological indices and physical working capacity, but hampered the mental and cognitive function activity, concentration and short-term memory. Reserpine cannot be recommended for drug therapy in out-patient departments in the treatment of the patient professionally engaged in stable emotional stress conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment Work Simulator: reliability and validity at three work intensities.

To determine test-retest reliability and criterion validity of the Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment Work Simulator (BTE), 30 male volunteers, 18 to 30 years, performed three criterion tasks at light (CL), medium (CM), and heavy (CH) levels of intensity and three corresponding simulated tasks (SL, SM, SH), all of which were repeated on a subsequent session. Oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) were monitored continuously during these tasks. Correlation coefficients between trials of the same task for VO2 (r = .74-.87) and HR (r = .58-.78) indicated significant test-retest reliability. Although criterion-simulation correlation coefficients were significant, consistently high criterion validity was found only at CL-SL (VO2, r = .81 and .83; HR, r = .88 and .95). The nature of the task may have influenced CM-SM correlations. It also appears that subjects underestimated the amount of resistance required on the BTE to simulate CH. Caution is urged in making judgments about a subject's abilities to do real work at medium and heavy intensities based only on test results from the BTE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of iron deficiency of the body on the work capacity of women engaged in mental work].

Iron deficiency in the body of women engaged in intellectual activities, is accompanied by efficiency reduction, more noticeable fatigue in the course of a working day and week, deterioration of body functions. The correction of iron deficiency with iron preparations results in a raised volume of work, improvement of its quality, improvement of the state of health, activity and mood. The results of a corrective test (the state of health, activity, mood) can serve a criterion of correction efficacy.

Female↗
PubMed1987

The working environment of the working poor: an analysis based on workers' compensation claims, census data and known risk factors.

Analysis of 1980 U.S. Census data reveals that a sizeable percentage of adult females employed full-time (working more than 2080 hours in 1979) worked in female-dominated service, sales and factory occupations and had family incomes which placed them in poverty or impoverishment status. Workers' compensation data on women in these occupations, drawn from the 27-state Supplemental Data System, show that they filed approximately 250,000 claims for compensation in 1980. Analysis of the claims by nature of injury and body part affected is consistent with the published medical literature. Injury to the back is the leading complaint filed and large numbers of hand and wrist injuries are also reported. Compensation data, however, are usually reflective of acute conditions, especially traumatic injury, not of chronic illnesses and injuries. Additional data are therefore drawn from the medical and scientific literature. This review shows the presence of cancer-causing agents, infectious agents, reproductive toxins, safety hazards and social stressors in these occupations. Recommendations for future programs and needs are presented.

Accidents, Occupational↗