SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “hostility”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

Accentuated vagal antagonism of beta-adrenergic effects on ventricular repolarization. Evidence of weaker antagonism in hostile type A men.

BACKGROUND: Prior research has suggested a weaker parasympathetic antagonism of sympathetic effects on the heart in type A (coronary-prone) men. To confirm this phenomenon and extend our understanding of it, we investigated the effects of prior muscarinic blockade on the electrocardiogram T wave and other cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to isoproterenol in type A and type B (non-coronary-prone) men. METHODS AND RESULTS: Responses to two 5-minute intravenous isoproterenol infusions (0.01 micrograms/kg/min and 0.02 micrograms/kg/min) were evaluated in six type A and six type B men after pretreatment with either dextrose placebo or atropine (1.2 mg). Atropine significantly potentiated T wave attenuation in the recovery period after isoproterenol infusion (0.30 +/- 0.07 mV) compared with placebo (0.54 +/- 0.09 mV, p less than 0.001). Atropine also potentiated the heart rate increase to isoproterenol (39 +/- 3 beats per minute versus 20 +/- 2 beats per minute after placebo). Atropine enhanced decreases in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures as well as pulse pressure to isoproterenol. Atropine enhancement of many of these responses was increased among subjects with high scores on various hostility/anger scales. Isoproterenol alone produced greater T wave attenuation in type A than in type B men. However, atropine enhancement of T wave attenuation and blood pressure falls by isoproterenol was present only in type B men. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that there is accentuated parasympathetic antagonism of T wave attenuation and blood pressure responses induced by beta-adrenergic stimulation. Relative weakness of this antagonism of sympathetic effects on the heart in hostile type A individuals may contribute to their higher coronary disease risk.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

The man who became angry once: a study of overcontrolled hostility.

Recent developments in the study of violent behaviour have led social scientists to examine the concept of Overcontrolled Hostility. This case report describes the history of an overcontrolled individual who was examined in a Maximum Security Hospital after having shot his wife. The presentation of this case includes a brief theoretical perspective, as well as the results of psychiatric and psychological examinations.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Hostility and hallucinations as a consequence of midazolam administration.

A 74-year-old woman experienced an apparent psychotic reaction several hours after administration of iv midazolam as a premedicant for gastroscopy. The reaction included confusion, hallucinations, and hostility and required administration of haloperidol to calm her. The woman subsequently underwent colonoscopy with meperidine as a premedication and experienced no behavioral changes. Although other causes cannot be completely ruled out, the evidence points strongly to midazolam as the precipitating agent for the psychotic reaction.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

The importance of offense characteristics, victimization history, hostility, and social desirability in assessing empathy of male adolescent sex offenders.

Empathy has been a focus of work with sex offenders; however, there are a limited number of studies supporting this as a deficit. The study investigated the reliability and validity of 3 scales of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)--Empathic Concern [EC], Perspective-Taking [PT], and Personal Distress [PD]--within a clinical sample. These scales were also used to examine the differences in empathy among groups of sex offenders. One hundred and twenty-three male adolescent sex offenders (ages 12-19) completed a battery of psychometric measures that included the IRI during a sex-offender-specific assessment. Moderate internal consistency and convergent validity was established for IRI scales. Age and social desirability were related to IRI scores. Victim empathy was not related to IRI scores. Justifications and acceptance of sexual and interpersonal violence were negatively correlated to EC and positively correlated to PD. Those who committed violent offenses reported more EC and PT; however, a generally hostile temperament was negatively related to these scales. Group differences were not found when contrasted with respect to a history of sexual or physical victimization or denial. Researchers using the IRI with male adolescent sex offenders should be cautious of the influence of age and socially desirable responding.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

Validity of the Overcontrolled-Hostility (O-H) Scale: a brief report.

In order to further assess the validity of the MMPI O-H (overcontrolled hostility) Scale, high and low O-H youthful offenders were administered the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study and their responses classified as extrapunitive, impunitive or intropunitive. Results indicated that high O-H subjects were significantly more impunitive than low O-H subjects and conversely, that low O-H subjects were more extrapunitive than high O-H subjects. Such findings are consistent with the O-H personality typology and lend further support to the construct validity of the Scale.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

The relationship between behavioral indices of aggression and hostile content on the TAT.

The role played by fantasy in mitigating the overt expression of aggression was investigated by examining the relationship between aggressive behavior and aggressive story content on the Thematic Apperception Test. A rating scale, checklist, and offense scale were used to measure the aggressive behavior of 76 juvenile offenders. While only one measure correlated significantly with hostile content on the TAT, all three correlations were negative, suggesting an inverse relationship between measure of aggression and aggressive content on the TAT.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Ethnicity, criminality, and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory.

Scores on the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) were analyzed in relation to violent versus nonviolent criminality and ethnic group membership within a sample of adult, male offenders. Although the white, Mexican-American, and black subjects differed on both psychometric and criminological variables, there was no statistically significant association between these predictors and criteria for either the total sample or the individual ethnic groups. The results were seen to contradict recent claims regarding the validity of the BDHI as a discriminator of violent behavior.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Gender differences in the relationship between hostility and the type A behavior pattern.

A group of 97 male and 111 female undergraduates completed the Jenkins Activity Survey, the Framingham Type A Scale, the Adjective Checklist Type A Scale, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. A factor analysis revealed three dimensions: Anger-Emotionality, Anger-Aggression, and Residual Pattern A. All Type A measures loaded highly on the Type A factor, with the Jenkins Activity Survey loading the highest. The Framingham Type A Scale was related to Anger-Emotionality, the Adjective Checklist Type A Scale was related to Anger-Aggression, and the Jenkins Activity Survey was related to neither of the anger dimensions. Women scored higher than men on Anger-Emotionality and the Guilt, Resentment, and Irritability subscales and lower than men on the Assaultiveness subscale. Women showed higher correlations between Type A and the Guilt subscale, and men between Type A and the Suspiciousness subscale. We conclude that Type A is a multidimensional construct that manifests itself differently in men and women.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

An action model of socially disruptive behaviors committed by persons with severe mental illness: the role of self-reported childhood abuse and suspiciousness-hostility.

Espousing an Action Theory approach (Brandstadter, 1998; Lerner, 1982), the authors hypothesized that socially disruptive behaviors committed by people with severe mental illness will be at least partly influenced by incidents of childhood sexual and physical abuse. They further hypothesized that this effect of child abuse on disruptive behaviors in severe mental illness will be mediated by patients' suspiciousness and hostility. Structural equation modeling analyses conducted on data collected from 109 people with severe mental illness provided support for this mediating model. Our results encourage further exploration of the role of childhood maltreatment in the adaptation of people with severe mental illness.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Gender influence on perceptions of hostile environment sexual harassment.

Perceptions of sexual harassment were investigated as a function of perpetrators' and recipients' gender. Undergraduate students (100 women, 98 men) were presented 34 scenarios of men and women interacting at work. Participants were asked to read carefully each scenario and indicate on a scale anchored by 1 (strongly disagree) and 7 (strongly agree) their opinions as to whether the scenario represented an incident of sexual harassment. Analysis indicated that women rated "hostile environment" scenarios as more harassing than men, and male perpetrators were rated as more harassing than female perpetrators. Even though some scenarios were rated as more harassing than others, the full range of the 7-point scale was used on every scenario, indicating a lack of agreement on what constitutes harassment. This lack of agreement highlights the debate within the legal community about whether the "reasonable person" or the "reasonable woman" standard should be used to judge sexual harassment in the workplace.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Narcissism and hostility.

Small to moderate correlations were observed for scores of 32 males and 66 female undergraduates on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. Developmental questions are raised.

Female↗

PubMed1997

MMPI and MMPI-2 scores on the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale.

Raw-score means of the Cook-Medley Hostility scale are smaller in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) normative group than in the MMPI normative group, and T scores are larger. The results contrast with those for the clinical scales but are consistent with results for some other scales. Reasons for the different patterns of MMPI and MMPI-2 scores are discussed.

Hostility↗

PubMed1990

Functional asymmetry for facial affect perception in high and low hostile men and women.

The influence of cerebral asymmetry in the perception of affect on Type A behaviour was examined. Twenty-five men and 25 women classified as Type A or Type B, using the Framingham Type A Scale (FTAS) and the Cook-Medley Hostility Inventory (CMHO), participated. Subjects were required to identify the facial affect depicted in Ekman and Friesen's (1978) angry, happy, and neutral stimuli using a forced-choice reaction-time paradigm with only angry or happy alternatives signified by the respective response manipulanda. Stimuli were presented within the left or right visual fields tachistoscopically. The results showed faster affect perception by right hemisphere (LVF), hemispheric differences related to affective valence, and sex differences in affect asymmetry. Type A and Type B groups differed in the forced identification of neutral stimuli revealing affective bias but not processing speed differences on this perceptual task.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Dealing with hostility: a war of words.

If security officers can be provided with more understanding of why people act the way they do, the training needed to respond to those actions, and the verbal and physical skills needed in almost all situations, injuries will be reduced and security forces will be able to deal with hostility and win "the war of words," says the author.

Anger↗

PubMed1986

A comparison of parenteral loxapine and haloperidol in hostile and aggressive acutely schizophrenic patients.

In a parallel groups, double-blind study, 54 acutely psychotic schizophrenics were given loxapine or haloperidol parenterally for 24 to 72 hours, then orally for a total study period of up to 10 days. Dosage ratios of loxapine to haloperidol ranged from a minimum of 2.7:1 to a maximum of 4.4:1. Both groups showed significant and rapid improvement from baseline. Forty-eight percent of the loxapine patients and 33% of the haloperidol patients achieved and maintained a global severity of illness rating of mild or better. By the end of the study, 84% of the loxapine patients and 63% of the haloperidol patients had achieved an improvement rating of moderate or marked. This difference approached significance (p less than .10). The most frequently reported adverse experiences were dystonic reactions and akathisia. The number and severity of adverse experiences did not differ significantly between drug groups. Intramuscular loxapine was at least as effective as haloperidol in the initial management of hostile and aggressive schizophrenic patients. The maintenance of therapeutic response after conversion to oral concentrate was comparable with the two drugs.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1983

Hostility in women before and after amniocentesis.

Fifty women undergoing amniocentesis and a matched control group of pregnant women were administered the Symptom Questionnaire to evaluate changes in psychologic distress. They were divided into subgroups according to previous experiences of pregnancy (no previous pregnancy, previous live births and no terminated pregnancy, previous terminated pregnancy). The amniocentesis subgroups did not show changes in anxiety, depression and somatic symptoms significantly different from those of the corresponding control subgroups. Only hostility was characteristic of amniocentesis, and its patterns varied according to the previous history of pregnancy.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗

PubMed1994

Destructive hostility: the Jeffrey Dahmer case. A psychiatric and forensic study of a serial killer.

We were involved as forensic experts in the case of the serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer. We discuss the scene and victim autopsy findings, with a brief consideration of the basic emotion of hostility. These findings support the thesis that at the basis of this serial killer's behavior were primary unconscious feelings of hate that he had channeled into a sadistic programmed destruction of 17 young men. The interview of the serial killer, the photographic scene documentation, and the autopsy findings stress the ambivalent homosexuality of the killer, his sexual sadism, his obsessive fetishism, and his possible cannibalism and necrophilia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Analysis of 828 servicemen killed or injured by explosion in Northern Ireland 1970-84: the Hostile Action Casualty System.

Death and injury due to terrorist bombings continue to exercise civilian and military surgeons alike. In this paper 828 servicemen killed and injured by explosions in Northern Ireland have been studied, using data stored in the Hostile Action Casualty System (HACS). Because of the nature of the conflict in Northern Ireland, the magnitude of each explosion and the distance of the victims from it are quite accurately known. The overpressure (blast loading) to which the victim was exposed can be estimated from the information on the HACS forms and standard tables, giving overpressures for a given change at a known distance. Using the HACS data, the numbers of injuries due to overpressure (primary blast injury), missiles energized by the blast (secondary injury), displacement of the victim by the blast wind (tertiary injury) and flash burn can be determined. Of the 828 servicemen involved in explosions, 216 were killed, most of them before any treatment could be instituted. Of the servicemen in the survey, 90 per cent were wearing body armour. Although body armour affords considerable protection from secondary missiles, it is unlikely to reduce the number of deaths due to primary blast injury.

Blast Injuries↗