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Results for “lymph node metastasis”

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PubMed1997

[The relationship between expression of basement membrane in squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity and cervical lymph node metastasis].

Fifty seven cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were studied by immunohistochemical ABC method using type IV collagen and laminin antibody to investigate the relationship between expression and distribution of basement membrane in oral SCC and clinicopathologic characteristics and cervical lymph node metastasis. The distribution of basement membrane of oral SCC was discontinuous and in some cases the membranes disappeared. There was highly significant correlation between the staining patterns together with histologic differentiation degrees and cervical lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). These indicate that the expression of baasement membrane in oral SCC may be a useful parameter for evaluation of tumor histologic differentiation and tumor invasion and metastasis.

Basement Membrane↗

PubMedDate not supplied

MRI diagnosis of mesorectal lymph node metastasis in patients with rectal carcinoma. what is the optimal criterion?

BACKGROUND: Preoperative diagnosis of lymph node metastasis is often difficult. A number of different criteria have been advocated in the literature, however, an optimal criterion has not yet been determined in patients with rectal carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-one patients, undergoing radical surgery with total mesorectal excision, were examined with reference to regional lymph node status. MRI and pathological findings were compared, and an optimal preoperative criterion was clarified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: Among size, shape and internal structure criteria, size was a significant factor for diagnosing metastatic lymph node on MRI. ROC analysis showed that a criterion of 6-mm or larger in the longitudinal axis was the most reliable in differentiating metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes, with overall accuracy of 78%. CONCLUSION: A 6-mm longitudinal diameter criterion is thought to be most optimal in the evaluation of mesorectal lymph node status in patients with rectal carcinoma.

Female↗

PubMed2006

[Pelvic lymph node metastasis from bladder cancer markedly responsive to methotrexate vinblastine doxorubicin and cisplatin (M-VAC) therapy followed by radiotherapy: a case report].

We report a case of bladder cancer with pelvic lymph node metastasis effectively treated by chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. The patient was a 65-year-old man who had undergone radical cystectomy. Histological findings showed urothelial carcinoma, G3 > G2, pT1b. After 31 months, computerized tomography (CT) revealed a bulky tumor (7.0 x 5.6 cm) along the left pelvic wall, indicating pelvic lymph node metastasis. Five courses of chemotherapy consisting of M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin) was performed. The size of the tumor was reduced to 1.5 x 1.0 cm. Then, external beam radiotherapy (50 Gy) was added to the residual tumor. He has been alive with no evidence of disease progression for 31 months since the radiotherapy.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Lymph node metastasis in a gynecologic malignancy.

A radical hysterectomy was performed on patients with stage IA2 to IIB cervical cancer. For these patients, many histopathological parameters have been reported to be prognostic factors of cervical cancer, such as a pelvic lymph node (PLN) metastasis, the histological subtype, the tumor diameter, the depth of the stromal invasion, a lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI), a parametrial invasion, a corpus invasion and a vaginal invasion. Ovarian cancer is normally treated with cytoreductive surgery followed by chemotherapy. Although physicians have paid a great deal of attention to intraperitoneal disease, a substantial number of ovarian cancers have reported to involve the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Therefore, a lymph node metastasis has been introduced into FIGO staging. However, the prognostic significance of a lymph node metastasis is controversial. In order to determine the possibility of individualizing a pelvic lymph node (PLN) dissection in patients with endometrial cancer, the relationship between PLN metastasis and the various prognostic factors was investigated. In this paper, various prognostic variables including a lymph node metastasis were analyzed in cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer.

Endometrial Neoplasms↗

PubMed2001

Inhibitory effect of berberine on the mediastinal lymph node metastasis produced by orthotopic implantation of Lewis lung carcinoma.

We examined the effect of berberine, a major component with anti-fungal properties contained in Coptidis Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex, on the lymph node metastasis of murine lung cancer. Oral administration of berberine for 14 days significantly inhibited the spontaneous mediastinal lymph node metastasis produced by orthotopic implantation of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) into the lung parenchyma in a dose-dependent manner, but did not affect the tumor growth at the implantation site of the lung. Combined treatment with berberine and an anti-cancer drug, CPT-11, resulted in a marked inhibition of tumor growth at the implantation site and of lymphatic metastasis, as compared with either treatment alone. Anti-activator protein-1 (anti-AP-1) transcriptional activity of non-cytotoxic concentrations of berberine caused the inhibition of the invasiveness of LLC cells through the repression of expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA).

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Inhibition of lymph node metastasis of P388 leukemia by bestatin in mice.

Bestatin, a chemically defined immunostimulant of low molecular weight, suppressed the gradually-occurring lymph node metastasis of P388 leukemia in CDF1 mice when administered i.p. at the doses of 1 approximately 30 micrograms/mouse. It could not, however, suppress the established large metastasis of P388 leukemia. Lymph node cells isolated from the mice given bestatin i.p. at 1 and 30 microgram/mouse showed cytostatic activity against P388 leukemic cells in vitro than those from the untreated mice.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Cervical cystic lymph node metastasis as first manifestation of occult papillary thyroid carcinoma: report of seven cases.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cystic lymph node metastases as first and sole manifestation of occult papillary thyroid carcinoma are observed exceptionally rarely. In the seven patients here reported, a cystic, ovoid mass in the lateral aspect of the neck was the initial symptom of the papillary microcarcinoma. METHODS: There were six men and one woman, aged between 17 and 54 years (mean 31.7 years), who complained of round, movable, painless masses in the lateral aspect of the neck. Two patients were first seen with two cervical tumors. Tumors had been present from a few days to 12 months (mean 5.1 months). The cystic nature of tumors was demonstrated by echographic studies. In all cases, thyroid tumors were not palpable on physical examination and no abnormalities of the thyroid gland were shown by other diagnostic procedures. RESULTS: The diagnosis was made preoperatively by fineneedle aspiration cytology of the nodes in five of the seven cases. All patients underwent thyroidectomy with conservative neck dissection followed by radioactive iodine therapy. After a follow-up period from 1 to 7 years, all patients are alive with no apparent signs of recurrence or metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: In a young patient with solitary lateral cervical cyst, the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis from occult papillary thyroid carcinoma should be considered. Any lateral mass requires tissue diagnosis, and fine-needle aspiration is usually adequate for clarification of the histology. Ipsilateral modified neck dissection and total thyroidectomy followed by radioactive iodine therapy offers a favorable prognosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

[The relationship between histologic grading of malignancy and regional lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of larynx].

Forty cases of squamous cell carcinoma of larynx have been studied by using five factors scale in order to investigate the relation between histologic grading of malignancy and regional lymph node metastasis. The results show that high degree malignancy tumor (which gets more than ten points) and diffusly invased tumor have a significantly higher proportion of regional lymph node metastasis than others. There was no relation between histologic grading of malignancy and T categories. It indicated that histologic grading of malignancy may be a good help in predicting patient evolution.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Noncervical lymph node metastasis from head and neck cancer.

Nonregional lymph node dissemination must be classified as distant metastasis but axillary and mediastinal metastases can be part of a regional dissemination of the disease. Metastases to lymph nodes of the upper mediastinum are very common among patients with subglottic, hypopharynx and thyroid carcinomas. Axillary metastases are found at autopsy in 2-9% of the patients who died of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and are frequently associated with skin implantation in aggressive recurrent head and neck carcinomas. The possible explanations for this location of metastasis were retrograde dissemination due to lymph system blockage, further tumor dissemination after a parastomal recurrence, hematogenous dissemination, and metastasis from a second primary tumor. Patients with distant metastasis have been considered incurable and only palliative treatment was instituted. Treatment planning for cases with axillary metastasis must take in consideration the likelihood of other regional recurrences and/or distant metastasis. Also, the presence of a second primary tumor must be ruled out. Whenever axilla is the only site of cancer recurrence, a standard axillary dissection must be considered. Upper mediastinal metastases from subglottic and hypopharyngeal cancer are managed by paratracheal and mediastinal dissection through the neck and postoperative radiotherapy.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗

PubMed2006

Outcome of surgical intervention for isolated intrathoracic lymph node metastasis from infradiaphragmatic malignancy: report of two cases.

We report 2 cases with isolated intrathoracic lymph node involvement. This is an unusual manifestation of metastatic spread from an extrathoracic malignancy. Case 1 was a 47-year-old female with a history of radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer of the uterus. Left intrathoracic lymphadenopathy was detected during follow-up. These lesions were surgically removed and diagnosed as multiple lymph node metastases. Two years later, right intrathoracic lymphadenopathy was evident and excised again. Eight months after the re-thoracotomy, retroperitoneal recurrence appeared and she died of the disease. Case 2 was a 41-year-old female with a history of resection of sigmoid colon cancer with liver metastases. A solitary nodule in the left upper lobe was shown by a chest computed tomography (CT). Left upper lobectomy was performed and the lesion was diagnosed as a solitary lymph node metastasis. She has had no recurrence for 3 years since thoracotomy.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Possible misinterpretation on computed tomography of left inferior vena cava as retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis: a report of two cases.

PURPOSE: We report on two cases of retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis of testicular cancer with left inferior vena cava. METHODS/RESULTS: A 25-year-old man with a left testicular cancer with pulmonary and retroperitoneal lymph node metastases received three courses of VIP (etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatinum) chemotherapy. Subsequent abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed round lesions enhanced with contrast agent on both sides of the aorta inside the degenerated lymphadenopathy. These lesions were regarded as a duplicated inferior vena cava (IVC) and this was confirmed at retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. The second case is of a 21-year-old man with a left testicular cancer with pulmonary, liver and widespread lymph node metastases. Subsequent to a course of VIP chemotherapy, super high-dose chemotherapy was administered. Abdominal CT revealed a round mass enhanced with contrast agent on the left side of the aorta adjacent to the degenerated lymphadenopathy, which was regarded as the transposed left IVC and this was confirmed at lymph node dissection. CONCLUSIONS: In both cases, initial CT failed to detect the lesions as the left IVC and there was a possibility for the misinterpretation of such venous anomalies with residual lymphadenopathy.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[A case of gastric cancer with paraaortic lymph node metastasis responding to TS-1/CDDP as neoadjuvant chemotherapy].

A 64-year-old male visited our hospital with complaints of epigastric pain. Computed tomography (CT) showed gastric cancer with extensive paraaortic lymph node metastasis. We decided that a curative operation was impossible, and administered the following chemotherapy. After 120 mg/day of TS-1 was orally administered for 3 weeks followed by 2 drug-free weeks with 90 mg of CDDP was administered intravenously on day 8, CT showed a 90.6% reduction in the paraaortic lymph node metastasis. No serious adverse reaction was observed. After 2 courses of this chemotherapy, surgery was performed after informed consent was obtained from the patient. Histrogical result showed PR. The patient is now healthy and no sign of recurrence has been observed. TS-1/CDDP therapy is useful for advanced gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1995

Loss of basement membranes in the invading front of O-1N, hamster squamous cell carcinoma with high potential of lymph node metastasis: an immunohistochemical study for laminin and type IV collagen.

The change in immunohistochemical localization of the two basement membrane molecules, laminin and type IV collagen, was studied in relation to tumor growth and lymphatic invasion in the transplanted hamster squamous cell carcinoma, O-1N, that has a high potential of lymph node metastasis. At 1 week after transplantation, the tumors consisted of large round-shaped nests of approximately 200 mm in diameter, 80% of which were encircled by continuous laminin and type IV collagen positive lines representing the basement membrane. At 5 weeks, however, the tumor cell nests became half in diameter with invasion in small islands or cords at the periphery and only 40% of them had continuous basement membrane. At 10 weeks, the basement membranes were disrupted in varying degrees in approximately 90% of the tumor cell nests. The disruption was most conspicuous on the outer and invading side of the nests. Lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis were observed in animals after 5 weeks of transplantation and the immunoreactivity was absent around tumor cell clusters growing in lymphatic spaces. The findings indicate that the disappearance of basement membrane and reduction in size of tumor cell nests are essential signs for local invasion of tumor cells leading to lymphatic invasion and metastasis to regional lymph nodes.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Assessment of lymph node metastasis and vessel invasion in early rectal cancer.

Thirteen patients with rectal carcinoma seen between December 1980 and December 1990 have been reviewed to determine the risk of lymph node metastasis and its implication for subsequent treatment. The mean age was 64 years (from 38 to 79; 9 males, 4 females). The site of the tumor was predominantly in the lower rectum (53.8 percent). The polypoid (I) and flat-elevated ulcerated (IIa + IIc) subtypes were detected in seven and six lesions, respectively. Sphincter-saving techniques were carried out in eight cases, and five cases required Miles' operation. Neither postoperative complications nor deaths were noted. The mean follow-up period was 57 months (6 to 133 months). No recurrence or distant metastasis was found during this follow-up. IIa + IIc subtype lesions with deep submucosal invasion at or beyond Smlc level were closely related with lymphatic and vascular invasion. Although this association was not necessarily accompanied by an increased number of involved lymph nodes, major surgical resection is suggested in such IIa + IIc cases due to an increased possibility for lymph node metastasis.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Carcinoma of the uterine cervix stage IB and IIA: results of postoperative irradiation in patients with microscopic infiltration in the parametrium and/or lymph node metastasis.

One hundred and thirty-two patients received postoperative radiation therapy following radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix Stage IB and IIA. In 43 patients with negative lymph node the 5- and 10-year survival rate was 85%. The other 89 patients with positive lymph node had 5- and 10-year survival rates of 60% and 51%, respectively. Multifactorial analysis of prognostic factors in the group of patients with lymph node metastasis disclosed pathology, microscopic infiltration in the parametrium and vascular space invasion as independent prognostic factors, that is, the 5-year survival rates were: 66% for squamous cell carcinomas versus, 25% for adenocarcinomas (p value: 0.001), 76% negative parametrium versus 39% positive parametrium (p value: 0.008), 68% no vascular space invasion versus 43% if invasion was observed (p value: 0.04). Sites of failure in 37 recurrences out of 89 patients with lymph node metastasis were pelvic alone 9, distant metastases alone 15, and combined pelvic plus distant metastasis in 12 patients. In one patient the site of failure was unknown. These data warrant more intensive local and systemic treatment, particularly in patients with poor prognostic factors. In the whole group, severe complications were observed in 11 patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1990

[Immunological investigation of lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinomas].

Oral squamous cell carcinomas were studied in regard to lymph node metastasis (LNM). Relations between LNM and the mode of cancer cell invasion, basement membrane (BM) deposition, epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGF-R) on tumor cells, stromal lymphocyte infiltrates, and immunologic parameters such as natural killer (NK) and interferon (IFN) activity were investigated. In 76 carcinomas, 26 cases (34.2%) exhibited LNM. LNM was rare in limiting invasion type (grade 1 and 2), but LNM was occasional in grade 3 invasion (11/29), and extremely prominent in diffusely invasive type of grade 4C and 4D (6/10 and 4/5, respectively). Tumors showing sufficient BM deposition were poorly metastatic (only 5 tumors had positive lymph nodes in 30 cases showing sufficient BM deposition which was immunohistochemically delineated with type IV collagen), while tumor having limited BM deposition were highly metastatic (12 in 16 tumors). Weakly infiltrated carcinomas with Leu 2a+ cells exhibited generally limited laminin existence in BM, and these carcinomas were more metastatic. Furthermore, EGF-R was more expressed on tumor cells with LNM than cells without LNM. There was no significant differences between NK activities of patients with LNM (32.9 +/- 18.3%) and without LNM (37.2 +/- 16.3%). Cases having activities of less than 17.2% (mean-2SD in healthy controls) were more frequent in metastatic group (7/19) when compared with non-metastatic group (4/33). IFN activities in sera were significantly different between metastatic group (4.2 +/- 3.1 IU/ml) and non-metastatic one (9.5 +/- 7.0 IU/ml. From the above, LNM may be more accurately diagnosed by these immunologic investigations.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed2004

Predictors of non-sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients.

In many patients, the sentinel lymph node (SLN) is the sole site of regional nodal metastasis. This subgroup of patients would not be expected to benefit from completion axillary lymph node dissection (CALND). This study evaluated the factors that may determine the likelihood of additional positive nodes in the axilla in the presence of sentinel node metastasis. A total of 618 breast cancer patients underwent SLN biopsy based on lymphoscintigraphy, intraoperative gamma probe detection, and blue dye mapping using 99mTc-nanocolloid and Patent Blue V injected peritumourally. This was followed by standard axillary node clearance at the same operation. Of the 201 patients with a positive SLN, 105 (52%) patients had no further positive nodes in the axilla, 96 (48%) patients had additional metastasis in non-sentinel lymph nodes (NSLN) upon CALND. In patients with a positive SLN, increasing tumour size and tumour grade significantly increased the frequency of additional positive nodes on univariate analysis. The number of SLNs removed and the number of negative SLNs were significant negative predictors. Increasing tumour burden in the sentinel nodes (determined by the number of positive SLNs) was significantly associated with increasing likelihood of positive NSLNs. Multivariate analysis revealed that the rest of the axilla is more likely to be positive if there are more positive than negative SLNs removed and more likely to be negative otherwise. A group of cases from one centre (Cardiff) were subjected to further detailed analysis. Tumour burden in the positive SLN was assessed by measuring the size of metastasis, percentage replacement of the SLN by tumour and by documenting extracapsular extension (ECE) around the SLN. Of the 64 patients with a positive SLN, 34 (53%) patients had no further positive nodes in the axilla, 30 patients (47%) had additional metastasis in NSLNs upon CALND. Increasing tumour burden in the SLN was associated with additional positive nodes in the axilla. Multivariate analysis revealed that size of the SLN metastasis is the most important predictor of involvement of only the SLN. Overall, in patients with a positive SLN, the difference in the number of positive and negative SLNs removed and size of the metastasis in the SLN, all predicted the frequency of additional positive nodes.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

FAK overexpression is correlated with tumour invasiveness and lymph node metastasis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Focal adhesion kinase (p125(FAK); 'FAK') is a tyrosine kinase that is localised to cellular focal adhesions and is associated with a number of other proteins, such as integrin adhesion receptors. We performed an immunohistochemical analysis of FAK protein expression to determine the relationship between FAK overexpression and clinicopathological factors in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We examined tissue specimens that had been removed from 91 patients with thoracic oesophageal cancer who had undergone surgery between 1983 and 2001. Immunohistochemical staining was performed by the standard streptavidin-biotin method. Seven human ESCC cell lines-TE-1, TE-2, TE-8, TE-13, TE-15, TT, and TTn-and one immortalized human keratinocyte cell line-HaCaT-were used in Western blot analysis. Immunostaining of FAK was seen in the cytoplasm of cancer cells, particularly in cells located in the invasive fronts of cancer nests. FAK overexpression was detected in 54 of the 91 patients (59.3%). Significant correlations were observed between FAK overexpression and cell differentiation (P=0.0057), depth of tumour invasion (P=0.0023), presence of regional lymph node metastasis (P=0.0097), number of lymph node metastases (P=0.0026), and disease stage (P=0.012). The survival rates of patients with FAK-overexpressing cancer were significantly lower than those of patients without FAK-overexpression cancer (P=0.006). The 5-year survival rate of patients without FAK overexpression was 69%, whereas that of patients with FAK overexpression was 38%. On Western blot analysis, FAK was expressed at a high level in TE-1, TE-8, TE-15, and TT cells, at a moderate level in TE-2 and TTn cells, and at a low level in TE13 and HaCaT cells. FAK phosphorylation at tyrosine 397 was demonstrated in proportion to the intensity of FAK in all cell lines except TE15 and HaCaT. In conclusion, FAK overexpression of ESCC was related to cell differentiation, tumour invasiveness, and lymph node metastasis. Consequently, patients with ESCC who had FAK overexpression had a poor prognosis.

Aged↗